WRITING PROGRAM

TOPIC OUTLINE

I. PARTS OF A SENTENCE

a. Identifying the subject and predicate in sentences

b. Completing sentences with the appropriate subject or predicate
c. Writing complete sentences

II. SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT

a. Identifying the subject and the verb in sentences

b. Determining whether the subject of the verb is singular or plural
c. Rules for subject-verb agreement
d. Completing sentences with the appropriate subject or verb
e. Writing sentences with the appropriate subject or verb

III. CONJUNCTIONS

a. Coordinating Conjunctions

1. Identifying coordinating conjunctions in sentences

2. Completing sentences with the appropriate coordinating conjunctions
3. Writing sentences using appropriate coordinating conjunctions

b. Subordinating Conjunctions

1. Identifying coordinating conjunctions in sentences

2. Completing sentences with the appropriate subordinating conjunctions
3. Writing sentences using appropriate subordinating conjunctions

c. Conjunctive Adverbs

1. Identifying conjunctive adverbs in sentences

2. Completing sentences with the appropriate conjunctive adverbs
3. Writing sentences using appropriate conjunctive adverbs
IV. TYPES OF SENTENCES

1. Identifying simple, compound, complex, and compound complex sentences

2. Writing simple, compound, complex, and compound complex sentences

V. PARAGRAPH WRITING

a. Process Paragraph
b. Cause and Effect Paragraph
c. Comparison and Contrast Paragraph
 I. PARTS OF A SENTENCE

Take Note!

A complete sentence has two parts, a subject and a predicate. A subject is the one being talked
about in the sentence. A predicate says something about the subject.

Example:

Subject Predicate
The girl is beautiful.
The boy is handsome.

TASK 1

Match the following subjects with their appropriate predicate.

SUBJECT PREDICATE
1. My ambition in life a. has different colors.
2. The people in the market b. are in the classroom.
3. Gods of Egypt c. bites the child.
4. The brand new car d. inside the cage.
5. The moon and the sun e. were bought in Divisoria.
6. My notebooks f. shine brightly in the sky.
7. The birds g. is expensive.
8. The family dog h. have wings and scepters.
9. The teachers i. are selling meat.
10. The painting on the wall j. is to become a teacher.

TASK 2

Identify the subject and the predicate in the following sentences.

1. Jose came to school late.

2. The class is noisy.
3. Tom and Jerry are friends.
4. She has a new bag.
5. The teenagers are partying.
6. Betty and Rendon have lost their toys.
7. Mother and father are both working.
8. They are born rich.
9. You must be kind.
 10. Mario runs like a tiger.

TASK 3

Identify which of the following is a complete sentence. Write C if complete. Write IC if not.

1. The parents in the room.

2. Has all the money.
3. I am kind.
4. The best things in life are free.
5. Walks with confidence.
6. I love you.
7. Emilio P. Carpio.
8. The life of a student.
9. Talks like a parrot.
10. Toni sings well.

TASK 4

Provide the appropriate predicate for the following subjects to make a complete sentence.

1. Niko ___________________________________________________________________.
2. The teachers ____________________________________________________________.
3. He ____________________________________________________________________.
4. My parents _____________________________________________________________.
5. Toni and Alex ___________________________________________________________.
6. We ____________________________________________________________________.
7. My ambition in life ______________________________________________________.
8. Teenagers nowadays _____________________________________________________.
9. Education ______________________________________________________________.
10. A dog __________________________________________________________________.

TASK 5

Provide the appropriate subject for the following predicates to make a complete sentence.

1. ___________________________________________________________ are having fun.

2. __________________________________________________________________is late.
3. ________________________________________________________ has a lot of money.
4. _____________________________________________________ have been imprisoned.
5. ____________________________________________________________ walks slowly.
6. _______________________________________________________________ was taken.
7. ___________________________________________________________were forgotten.
 8. _________________________________________________________ had lost all hope.
9. ________________________________________________________ makes good cakes.
10. _________________________________________________ talk about ambitions in life.

TASK 6

Write a complete sentence on the following topics:

1. Family
2. Friends
3. Love
4. Ambition
5. Drugs
6. Teenage Pregnancy
7. Education
8. High School Life
9. Problems
10. Peer Pressure
 I. SUBJECT- VERB AGREEMENT

Take Note!

Subjects and verbs must agree in number. A singular subject takes a singular verb. A plural subject
takes a plural verb.

Example:

Singular Subject Singular Verb

She is beautiful.
He is handsome.
She runs fast.
He walks fast.
She has dolls.
He has toy guns.
She was late.
He was early.

Plural Subject Plural Verb

The girls are beautiful.
The boys are handsome.
The girls run fast.
The boys walk fast.
The girls have dolls.
The boys have toy guns.
The girls were late.
The boys were early.

TASK 1

Tell whether the underlined subjects are singular or plural.

1. They are all working.

2. Mario and Maria have a lot of money.
3. The team lost the game.
4. The teachers discuss the lesson on time.
5. Toni is a great singer.
6. The family that prays together stays together.
7. My friends are good influence.
8. The book is on the table.
9. The chairs have been stolen.
 10. Mother cooks well.

TASK 2

Tell whether the underlined verbs are singular or plural.

1. We are on our way to school.

2. She has a lot of enemies.
3. Dinosaurs live on earth.
4. She dances gracefully.
5. His father works abroad.
6. The students discuss the answers.
7. Leaders were on the stage.
8. The politician was a great man.
9. His voice beats the others.
10. You have my word.

TASK 3

Identify the subject and the verb in the following sentences. Underline the subject and encircle the
verb.

1. Time runs so fast.

2. Music is my therapy.
3. Harry, Tommy and Vincent were on the streets.
4. He has so much to say.
5. We have a lot of friends.
6. Math and English are my favorite subjects.
7. The President was tired.
8. You run like a cat.
9. The chef bakes delicious cakes.
10. The beggars are outside the church.

TASK 4

Tell whether the following sentences observe correct subject-verb agreement. Write SVA if correct
and write the correct answer if it does observe the correct subject-verb agreement.

1. Time runs so fast.

2. Music are my therapy.
3. Harry, Tommy and Vincent was on the streets.
4. He have so much to say.
 5. We have a lot of friends.
6. Math and English is my favorite subjects.
7. The President was tired.
8. You runs like a cat.
9. The chef bake delicious cakes.
10. The beggars are outside the church.

TASK 5

Underline the verb that agrees with the subject.

1. Color (surround, surrounds) us everywhere.

2. We (see, sees) it everywhere.
3. Color (add, adds) beauty.
4. It (make, makes) our surroundings attractive.
5. Advertisement and posters (catch, catches) our attention because of colors.
6. Signs in yellow and black (warn, warns) us about danger.
7. Fire trucks (are, is) painted in red.
8. Safety vehicles (are, is) green.
9. Everything in the world (have, has) colors.
10. We must (appreciate, appreciates) colors.

TASK 6

Write a sentence observing correct subject-verb agreement based on the given subjects.

1. Dogs
2. Houses
3. Paper
4. Tables
5. Teachers
6. Student
7. Earth
8. Children
9. Computers
10. Classroom

Task 7

Write a sentence observing correct subject-verb agreement based on the given verbs.

1. Walks
2. Talks
 3. Cook
4. Wash
5. Was
6. Were
7. Has
8. Have
9. Is
10. Are

TASK 8

Write a five-sentence paragraph on any of the given topics. Underline the subject and encircle the
verb.

1. Family
2. Friends
3. Love
4. Ambition
5. Drugs
6. Teenage Pregnancy
7. Education
8. High School Life
9. Problems
10. Peer Pressure
 II. CONJUNCTIONS
(COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS)

Take Note!

Coordinating conjunctions connect clauses. The table below shows the seven types of
coordinating conjunctions with their functions.

COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS FUNCTION

For Shows REASON
And CONNECTS ideas of EQUAL importance
Nor NEGATES choices
But Shows CONTRAST
Or Shows CHOICES/ OPTIONS
Yet Shows CONTRAST
So Shows RESULT

Example:

1. He passed the exam, for he studied well.

2. She is intelligent, and she is also hardworking.
3. He did not brush his teeth, nor did he take a bath.
4. She is beautiful, but she is rude.
5. Buy your clothes in the mall, or buy them in the flea market.
6. She is beautiful, yet she is rude.
7. He studied well, so he passed the exam.

TASK 1

Match the clauses in Column A with the Clauses in Column B.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. I am beautiful, a. nor did he even smile.
2. He prepared well, b. and he is trustworthy.
3. Hector fought for his friends, c. so he failed in the exam.
4. He lied, d. and she is charming.
5. Go to your room, e. nor did he eat.
6. He did not drink, f. or get out of the house.
7. Miriam is pretty, g. yet everyone believed him.
8. He did not study, h. but his friends betrayed him.
9. He is honest, i. for he wanted to pass in the exam.
10. He did not greet me, j. so I have many suitors.
TASK 2

Complete the following sentences using the appropriate coordinating conjunction.

1. I could not read your handwriting, _____ it was illegible.

2. She got married early, _____ she had a hard time raising her kids.
3. You may be handsome, _____ you are selfish.
4. Get out of the classroom, _____ keep quiet.
5. You did not even study, nor did you even come to class.
6. Toni is a great singer, _____ she is also a brilliant actress.
7. He cheated, _____ he was scolded.
8. He walks to school every day, _____ he does not have enough money.
9. Be kind, _____ be helpful.
10. He did not sleep well last night, _____ he fell asleep during the exam.

TASK 3

Tell whether the following sentences has correct use of coordinating conjunction. Write C if
correct and write the correct coordinating conjunction if not.

1. He is handsome, yet he is strong.

2. The boys are fighting, for they want the same girl.
3. He died, so he fought well.
4. Pack your things, and pack your food.
5. You did not bring my water, but did you bring my food.
6. I love you, but I miss you.
7. Mario is strong, and he is shy.
8. I fell on the floor, so I was brought to the hospital.
9. Mina is hardworking, but she does not succeed.
10. Give me liberty, or give me death.

Task 4

Write a sentence using coordinating conjunctions based on the topics below.

1. Family
2. Friends
3. Love
4. Ambition
5. Drugs
 6. Teenage Pregnancy
7. Education
8. High School Life
9. Problems
10. Peer Pressure

TASK 5

Write a five sentence paragraph on any of the following topics. Encircle the coordinating
conjunctions used.

1. Family
2. Friends
3. Love
4. Ambition
5. Drugs
6. Teenage Pregnancy
7. Education
8. High School Life
9. Problems
10. Peer Pressure
 SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Take Note!

Subordinating conjunctions introduce subordinating clauses. The table below shows examples
subordinating conjunctions and their functions.

CAUSE/ REASON CONDITION TIME

Because If After
Since Unless Before
As Until
When
Since

Example:

1. He won the race because he prepared for it.

2. Because he prepared for it, he won the race.
3. Since Lito loves to cook, he became a chef.
4. Lito became a chef since he loves to cook.
5. Hershey became a doctor as she was determined to achieve it.
6. As Hershey was determine to achieve it, she became a doctor.

7. If you hold my hand, I will not let you go.

8. I will not let you go if you hold my hand.
9. Lexter will not go to the hospital unless her mother accompanies him.
10. Unless her mother accompanies him, Lito will not go the hospital.

11. I will eat after I finish my work.

12. After I finish my work, I will eat.
13. Before you go to school, prepare your things.
14. Prepare your things before you go to school.
15. Study well until you achieve your goal.
16. Until you achieve your goal, study well.
17. When I opened my eyes, I saw my mother.
18. I saw my mother when I opened my eyes.
19. Since Brando was a child, he wanted to become a teacher.
20. Brando wanted to become a teacher since he was a child.
TASK 1

Match Column A with Column B.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. Lando prays a. I used a floating device.
2. Because Fred loves to cook, b. his students love him.
3. When the teacher entered the room, c. until the world ends.
4. If you love me, d. unless his mother is present.
5. I have admired my teacher e. after he has eaten his meal.
6. Lex eats his dessert f. since I was in Grade 1.
7. The child does not take his medicine g. I will love you back.
8. I will love you forever h. the class stood.
9. As he was a dedicated teacher, i. he became a chef.
10. Since I was afraid to swim, j. before he sleeps.

TASK 2

Complete the following sentences using the appropriate subordinating conjunction.

1. Arjay brushes his teeth ______ he flosses.

2. _____ Mark prepared for the exam, he got a perfect score.
3. The security guard inspects the employees _____ they enter the building.
4. _____ you call me, I will give you a free load.
5. _____ I was a child, my mother has been there for me.
6. Thirdy brushes his teeth _____ he eats.
7. I will not listen to you _____ you listen to me first.
8. The mother did not stop carrying her baby _____ the baby stopped crying.
9. _____ I love you, I will do everything for you.
10. _____ you are my teacher, I will respect you.

TASK 3

Tell whether the following sentences has correct use of coordinating conjunction. Write C if
correct and write the correct coordinating conjunction if not.

1. Arjay brushes his teeth until he flosses.

2. If Mark prepared for the exam, he got a perfect score.
3. The security guard inspects the employees because they enter the building.
4. If you call me, I will give you a free load.
 5. After I was a child, my mother has been there for me.
6. Thirdy brushes his teeth after he eats.
7. I will not listen to you after you listen to me first.
8. The mother did not stop carrying her baby because the baby stopped crying.
9. Until I love you, I will do everything for you.
10. Before you are my teacher, I will respect you.

Task 4

Write a sentence using subordinating conjunctions based on the topics below.

1. Family
2. Friends
3. Love
4. Ambition
5. Drugs
6. Teenage Pregnancy
7. Education
8. High School Life
9. Problems
10. Peer Pressure

TASK 5

Write a five sentence paragraph on any of the following topics. Encircle the subordinating
conjunctions used.

1. Family
2. Friends
3. Love
4. Ambition
5. Drugs
6. Teenage Pregnancy
7. Education
8. High School Life
9. Problems
10. Peer Pressure
 CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

Take Note!

Conjunctive adverbs connect clauses. The table below shows examples subordinating conjunctions
and their functions.

CONTRAST RESULT/ EFFECT

However Therefore
On the other hand Hence
Consequently

Example:

1. The students are smart; however, they are noisy.

2. The teachers want a salary increase; on the other hand, the President does not agree.
3. Connie is hardworking; therefore, she made it to the top.
4. Tino does not study; hence, he failed.
5. I traveled far; consequently, I am tired.

TASK 1

Match Column A with Column B.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. Mario was promoted; consequently, I will do everything for you.
2. Thomas is a good son; hence, no one believes me.
3. He cheated; therefore, he was expelled.
4. I always lie; on the other hand, his brother is not.
5. I love you; however, his salary did not increase.

TASK 2

Complete the following sentences using the appropriate conjunctive adverb.

1. Marcus does not have enough money for projects; ______, he managed to top the class.
2. Maria came from a rich family; ______, Mario came from a poor family.
3. She married early; _____, she suffered the consequences.
4. Romeo is focused in his career; ______, he was immediately promoted.
5. He did not listen to his parents; _____, he did not finish his studies.
TASK 3

Tell whether the following sentences has correct use of coordinating conjunction. Write C if
correct and write the correct coordinating conjunction if not.

1. My ambition in life is to become a lawyer; however, I achieved that ambition.

2. The school is kept clean by the students; therefore, the teachers make it dirty.
3. The policemen keep the peace; hence, the criminals cause disorder.
4. He stole the car; consequently, he was rewarded.
5. The movie is great; on other hand, the audience loved it.

Task 4

Write a sentence using conjunctive adverbs. Choose five from the topics below.

1. Family
2. Friends
3. Love
4. Ambition
5. Drugs
6. Teenage Pregnancy
7. Education
8. High School Life
9. Problems
10. Peer Pressure

TASK 5

Write a five sentence paragraph on any of the following topics. Encircle the conjunctive adverbs
used.

1. Family
2. Friends
3. Love
4. Ambition
5. Drugs
6. Teenage Pregnancy
7. Education
8. High School Life
9. Problems
10. Peer Pressure
 III. TYPES OF SENTENCES ACCORDING TO STRUCTURE

Take Note!

A simple sentence is composed of one independent clause.

A compound sentence is composed of two or more independent clauses. Coordinating

conjunctions and/or conjunctives adverbs are used.

A complex sentence is composed of one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.
Subordinating conjunctions are used.

A compound-complex sentence is composed of two or more independent clauses and one or more
dependent clauses. Coordinating conjunctions, conjunctive adverbs and subordinating
conjunctions are used.

Example:

1. Mario wants to become a lawyer.

2. Mario wants to become a lawyer, and he also wants to become a doctor.
3. Mario wants to become a lawyer because he wants to defend the poor.
4. Mario wants to become a lawyer, and he also wants to become a doctor because he
wants to help the poor.

TASK 1

Tell whether the following sentences is simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex

sentence. Write S for simple, CM compound, CX for complex, and CMCX for compound-
complex.

1. He wants to help his friends; hence, he gives them his snacks.

2. Kylene is a great singer.
3. Martin cooks food for his family since he loves them.
4. Teachers are dedicated because they care for their students and they want the best for them.
5. The computer was stolen, for the room was left unlocked.
6. Books were provided; however, they are not being read.
7. After I arrive from school, I immediately wash my face.
8. I went to the mall.
9. Because he committed a crime, he was imprisoned.
10. Martin performed well in class, so he was given an award, and the principal gave him a
gift.
TASK 2

Write a simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentence on any of the topics below.
Encircle the conjunctions used.

1. Family
2. Friends
3. Love
4. Ambition
5. Drugs
6. Teenage Pregnancy
7. Education
8. High School Life
9. Problems
10. Peer Pressure

TASK 3

Write a five-sentence paragraph using simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex

sentences on any of the topics below. Encircle the conjunctions used.

1. Family
2. Friends
3. Love
4. Ambition
5. Drugs
6. Teenage Pregnancy
7. Education
8. High School Life
9. Problems
10. Peer Pressure
 IV. TYPES OF PARAGRAPHS
(PROCESS PARAGRAPH)

Take Note!

A process paragraph shows process or a sequence- how something is made, how something is
done, and the like. Below are examples of commonly used transitional devices in writing a process
paragraph.

First, Second, Third…

Foremost
Initially
Next
Then
After
Afterwards
Before
Lastly
Finally

Example:

HOW TO STUDY FOR A TEST

Studying is not an easy task. It takes preparation and the right set of mind to study
effectively. Hence, one must know what steps to follow. First, make sure that you take down notes
during classes. Note-taking is essential so that you can always have your notes to review. Second,
gather all your notes. Then, classify your notes according to subject matter. Do not mix different
subjects in a single note. After, arrange which subjects which you need to study first and which
may come last. Fifth, make a timeline or schedule. Lastly, stick to your schedule.

TASK 1

Complete the following process paragraph using the appropriate transitional devices.

HOW TO ASK A GIRL FOR A DATE

Courting is not a random act. It must be well-planned to achieve a definite result. _____,
the boy must be certain of his feelings towards a girl. It must not only be an overnight feeling.
_____, the boy must take time in knowing the girl and vice versa. ______, the boy must consider
the likes and dislikes of a girl. _____, if the boy has already gathered all the necessary information,
he must plan to ask the girl for a date. However, _____ the boy asks the girl for a date, it is advised
that he ask permission from the parents of the girl. _____, he can ask the girl formally for a date.

TASK 2

Compose a process paragraph on any of the following topics.

1. HOW TO BAKE A CAKE

2. HOW TO DRIVE A CAR
3. HOW TO STUDY WELL
4. HOW TO COOK ADOBO
5. HOW TO PLAY VIDEO GAMES

Note: You may choose your own topic.

 CAUSE AND EFFECT PARAGRAPH

Take Note!

A cause and effect paragraph uses the following commonly used conjunctions:

COORDINATING SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

CONJUNCTIONS CONJUNCTIONS

For- shows cause Because- shows reason Hence- shows effect

As- shows reason Therefore- shows effect
Consequently- shows effect
So- shows effect

Example:

THE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON EDUCATION

Education is a lifetime investment. It is an intangible property that cannot be taken away

once owned. However, the youth somehow neglects its importance because they tend to focus
more on social. Students are often seen checking their social media accounts; hence, classroom
attention declines or is even eliminated. Furthermore, students spend sleepless nights updating
their Facebook status or Instagram accounts, so they are sleepy during class hours. Consequently,
there is less or even no absorption of lessons at all.

TASK 1

Identify the cause and the effect in each of the following sentences.

1. I went to the mall because I want to buy new clothes.

2. My mother loves me; consequently, she provides for me.
3. He studies well, for he wants to provide for his parents.
4. I love you, so I will take care of you.
5. The boy loves his girlfriend dearly; therefore, he becomes overprotective.
6. As he did not like his course, he did not study well.
7. She married early; consequently, she did not finish her studies.
8. Because I love you, I will set you free.
9. Go to him, so you will know the truth.
10. As I wanted to become a lawyer, I focused on my studies.
TASK 2

Complete the cause and effect paragraph by supplying the appropriate conjunctions.

TEENAGE PREGNANCY

Teenage pregnancy is a persistent issue. It has increased in an alarming rate over the years.
__________, the government has come up with programs to address the issue. Also, schools
incorporate in their lessons the adverse effects of teenage pregnancy ___________ it is the most
immediate means of educating the youth. Teachers serve as guidance counselors, __________ they
spend most of the time with the students. ___________ students think of their teachers as their
second parents, they tend to easily open up to them. __________, the school plays the most
important role in preventing this prevalent concern.

TASK 3

Compose a cause and effect paragraph on any of the given topics. Encircle the conjunctions used.

1. Family
2. Friends
3. Love
4. Ambition
5. Drugs
6. Teenage Pregnancy
7. Education
8. High School Life
9. Problems
10. Peer Pressure
 COMPARISON AND CONTRAST PARAGRAPH

Take Note!

A comparison and contrast paragraph shows similarities and differences. Below are the commonly
used conjunctions in writing comparison and contrast paragraphs.

SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

Whereas- shows contrast On the other hand- shows contrast
However- shows contrast
Likewise- shows similarity
Similarly- shows similarity
In the same manner- shows similarity

Example:

BOOKS VERSUS TELEVISIONS

Books and televisions are sources of information and entertainment. Books contain
information that are permanently recorded; likewise, information from television may also be
recorded. Books may also be a source of entertainment for they contain stories and illustrations;
in the same manner, television shows are definitely entertaining. However, they also have their
differences. Books are printed whereas televisions are electronic. Books are cheap; on the other
hand, televisions are expensive.

TASK 1

Complete the comparison and contrast paragraph by using the appropriate conjunctions.

THE YOUTH OF YESTERDAY AND THE YOUTH OF TODAY

The youth of yesterday and the youth of today have their similarities and differences. The
youth of yesterday are independent and strong-willed; ___________, the youth of today are also
the same. The youth of yesterday are God-fearing; __________, in the same manner, the youth of
today also love God. The youth of yesterday value their family; __________, the youth of today
prioritize their family above all else. ___________, they also have their differences. The youth of
yesterday are focused on their studies __________ the youth of today are distracted due to social
media. The youth of yesterday are conservative; on the other hand, the youth of yesterday are
conservative.
TASK 2

Compose a cause and effect paragraph on any of the given topics. Encircle the conjunctions used.

1. Family
2. Friends
3. Love
4. Ambition
5. Drugs
6. Teenage Pregnancy
7. Education
8. High School Life
9. Problems
10. Peer Pressure