Question 01: Find AM and FM Frequency Ranges in Pakistan.

Quote examples of 3
channels for each?

AM Frequency Range:
The Amplitude Modulated (AM radio) carrier frequencies are in the frequency range from
535 to 1605 kHz. Carrier frequencies of 540 to 1600 kHz are assigned at 10 kHz intervals.
Examples:
 AM 585 by PBC Radio Pakistan broadcasted from Faqirabad.
 AM 1580 by Radio Pakistan station broadcasted from Turbat in Balochi, Urdu and
Punjabi.
 AM 750 by Radio Pakistan station broadcasted from Quetta in Balochi, Brahui, Hazaragai,
Pashto, Urdu and Punjabi.

FM Frequency Range:
The Frequency Modulated (FM radio) carrier frequencies are in the frequency range from 88
to 108 MHz . The FM stations are assigned centre frequencies at 200 kHz separation starts at
88.1 MHz for maximum 100 stations. The FM station has a 75 KHz maximum deviation
from the centre which leaves 25 KHz upper and lower guard bands to minimize interaction
with adjacent frequency bands.
Examples:
 FM 91.0 by Radio Khyber broadcasted from Jamrud in Pashto, Urdu and Punjabi.
 FM 98.6 by Shamal Radio broadcasted from Bajaur in Pashto, Urdu and Punjabi.
 FM 99.0 by GB99 broadcasted from Gilgit in Urdu, Shina, Wakhi, Burushaski, Khowar
and Punjabi.
Question 02: Who are the regulatory bodies to assign these frequencies?
The following three bodies are involved in assigning frequencies to AM and FM radio
stations:
 FAB (Frequency Allocation Board) has the authority to allocate, assign and manage
the frequency spectrum required for a telecommunication or broadcast service.
 The licensing authority for Telecommunication services is PTA (Pakistan
Telecommunication Authority).
 Broadcasting services is handled by PEMRA (Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory
Authority).
 PTA has the authority to assign ranges from 9 kHz to 1000 GHz.
Question 03: How has the frequency assignment been done for 4G communication
systems?
4G aims to improve the wireless cell phones and other mobile devices accessing the Internet
rate, so 4G communication features than it has a faster wireless communication speed. The
frequency spectrum management is divided into two areas i.e. spectrum allocation and
spectrum assignment.
 Spectrum allocation determines what block of frequencies are used for what specific
purpose under a set of technical and operational rules. For example, spectrum in
some countries allocated is of 698 to 793MHz (a.k.a. 700 MHz band) for the mobile
services that is basically 4G/LTE mobile broadband.
  The auction is held for the frequency spectrum assignment and spectrum is allocated
on the primary basis in which that service is given priority and is protected from other
services that may create interference to the operations of primary allocated
frequencies.

Generic View of 4G Communication Systems:

Frequency Band 2 - 8 GHz

Bandwidth 5-20 MHz
Data rate Up to 20 Mbps or more
Access Multi-carrier - CDMA or OFDM(TDMA)
FEC (Forward error
Concatenated codes
correction)
Switching Packet
Mobile top speeds 200 kmph

4G LTE frequency bands in Pakistan: