2.

3 PSYCHROMETRIC CHART AND AIR CONDITIONING PROCESSES

1. Psychrometrics
Psychrometrics is the science of involving thermodynamic properties of moist air and the effect of
atmospheric moisture on materials and human comfort.

2. Psychrometric Chart
Psychrometric chart provide a graphical representation of the thermodynamic properties of moist
air, various air conditioning processes, and air conditioning cycles. The charts are very helpful during
the calculation, analysis, and solution of the complicated problems encountered in air conditioning
processes and cycles, Figure 1.

Figure 1. Skeleton of Psychrometric Chart.

ASHRAE developed five such psychrometric charts. Chart 1,2, and 3 are for sea level pressure. Chart
4 is for 5000 ft altitude (24.89 in Hg), and Chart 5 is for 7500 ft altitude (22.65 in Hg). The dry-bulb
temperature ranges covered by the charts are

Chart 1,4,5 Normal Temperature 32 to 120 F

Chart 2 Low Temperature -40 to 50 F
Chart 3 High Temperature 60 to 250 F

In the psychrometric chart, Figure 2, dry bulb temperature is plotted along the horizontal axis.
The dry bulb temperature lines are straight but not exactly parallel and incline slightly to the left.
Humidity ratio is plotted along the vertical axis in the right-hand side of the chart. The scale is

1
uniform with horizontal lines. The saturation curve slopes upward from left to right. Dry bulb, wet
bulb, and dew point temperatures all coincide on the saturation curve. Relative humidity lines with
shapes similar to the saturation curve appear at regular intervals. The enthalpy scale is drawn
obliquely on the left of the chart with parallel enthalpy lines inclined downward to the right.
Although the wet bulb temperature lines appear to coincide with the enthalpy lines, they diverge
gradually in the body of the chart and are not parallel to one another. The spacing of the wet bulb
lines is not uniform. Specific volume lines appear inclined from the upper left to the lower right and
are not parallel, A protractor with two scales appears at the upper left of ASHRAE Charts 1. One
scale gives the sensible heat ratio and the other the ratio of enthalpy difference to humidity ratio
difference. The enthalpy, specific volume, and humidity ratio scales are all based on a unit mass of
dry air and not a unit mass of the moist air,

Figure 2. ASHRAE Psychrometric Chart 1.

Example No. 1
Read the properties of moist air at 75 F db, 60 F wb, and standard sea level pressure from ASHRAE
Pyschrometric Chart 1.
Given:
Dry bulb = 75 F db
Wet bulb = 60 F db

2
 Required:
Read the properties of moist air.
Solution:
The intersection of the 75 F db and 60 F wb lines defines the given state. This point on the chart is
the reference from which all the other properties are determined.

Humidity Ratio, W . Move horizontally to the right and read W  0.0077 lbmv lbma on the vertical
scale.
Relative Humidity,  . Interpolate between the 40 and 50 percent relative humidity lines and read
  41 percent .
Enthalpy, h . Follow a line of constant enthalpy upward to the left and read h  26.4 Btu lbma on the
oblique scale.
Specific Volume, v . Interpolate between the 13.5 and 14.0 specific volume lines and read
v  13.65 ft 3 lbma .
Dew Point, t d . Move horizontally to the left from the reference point and read t d  50 F on the
saturation curve.

3. Air Conditioning Processes

3.1 Heating or Cooling of Moist Air

When air is heated or cooled without the loss or gain of moisture, the process yields a
straight horizontal line on the psychrometric chart, because the humidity ratio is constant. Such
processes may occur when moist air flows through a heat exchanger. In cooling, however, if part
of the surface of the heat exchanger is below the dew point of the air, condensation and the
subsequent dehumidification will occur. Figure 3 shows a schematic of a device used to heat or
cool air. Under steady-flow-steady-state conditions the energy balance becomes

m a h1  q  m  a h2
q  m a h2  h1 
Or
q  m a c p t 2  t1 
cp  0.245 Btu lbma  F   1.02 kJ kga  C 

3
 Figure 3. Schematic of Device for Heating Moist Air

Example No. 2
Moist air, saturated at 2 C, enters a heating coil at a rate of 10 m3/s. Air leaves the coil at 40 C. Find
the required rate of heat addition.
Given:
Point 1, moist air, saturated at 2 C
Point 2, t2 = 40 C dry bulb
Rate = 10 m3/s

Required: q = rate of heat addition.

Solution:

Figure 4. Heating Process on Psychrometric Chart

4
 Figure 4 schematically show the solution. State 1 is located on the saturated curve at 2 C. Thus,
h1  13.0 kJ kg da , W1  4.3 gw kg da and v1  0.784 m3 kgda . State 2 is located at the intersection
of t  40 C and W2  W1  4.3 gw kg da . Thus h2  51.6 kJ kg da . The mass flow of dry air is
V 10
ma    12.76 kgda s
v1 0.784
Then;
q  m a h2  h1 
q  12.76 51.6  13.0  493 kW
Or
q  m a c p t 2  t1 
q  12.76 1.02 40  2  495 kW

3.2 Cooling and Dehumidification of Moist Air

When moist air passed over a surface so that a part of the stream is cooled to a temperature
below its dew point, some of the water vapor will condense and may leave the air stream.
Figure 5 shows a schematic of a cooling and dehumidifying device, and Figure 2.6 shows the
process on the psychrometric chart. Although the actual process path may vary considerably
depending on the type of surface, surface temperature, and flow conditions, the net heat and
mass transfer can be expressed in terms of the initial and final states, neither of which has to be
at saturation conditions. By referring to Figure 5, we see that the energy balance gives

Figure 5. Schematic of Device for Cooling and Dehumidifying Moist Air

m a h1  q  m
 a h2  m
 w hw
And the mass flow balance for the water in the air is
m aW1  m w m  aW2

5
 Combining the two equation yields,
qm  a h1  h2   m
 a W1  W2 hw
The last term on the right-hand side is usually small compared to the others and is often
neglected.

Example No. 3
Moist air at 30 C dry-bulb temperature and 50% rh enters a cooling coil at 5 m3/s and is processed to
a final saturation condition at 10 C. Find the kW of refrigeration required.
Given:
Point 1 – 30 C db and 50% rh.
Point 2 – saturated at 10 C
Air flow = 5 m3/s

Required:
kW of refrigeration required, q.
Solution:

Figure 6 Cooling and Dehumdification Process on Psychrometric Chart

Figure 6 shows the schematic of solution. State 1 is located at the intersection of t  30 C and
  50% . Thus, h1  64.3 kJ kg da , W1  13.3 gw kg da and v1  0.877 m3 kgda . State 2 is located
on the saturation curve at 10 C. Thus, h2  29.5 kJ kg da and W2  7.66 gw kg da . From Table A-

6
 1a, Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning, 5th Edition. F.C. McQuiston et al. (Properties of
Water-Steam), hw  42.0 kJ kgw .

The mass flow of dry air is,

V 5
ma    5.70 kgda s
v1 0.877
Then;
qm  a h1  h2   m a W1  W2 hw
 13.3  7.66 
q  5.7064.3  29.5  5.70 42.0
 1000 
q  197 kW

3.3 Adiabatic Mixing of Two Moist Airstreams

The mixing of air streams is quite common in air-conditioning systems. The mixing usually
occurs under steady, adiabatic flow conditions. Figure 7 illustrates the mixing of two air streams.

Figure 7. Adiabatic Mixing of Two Moist Airstreams

An energy balance gives

m a1h1  m a 2 h2  m a3h3
The mass balance on the dry air is
m a1  m
 a2  m  a3
And the mass balance on the water vapour is
m a1W1  m  a 2W2  m  a3W3

Combining above equations and eliminating m a 3 yields

7
 h2  h3 W2  W3 m
  a1
h3  h1 W3  W1 m
 a2

according to which, on the ASHRAE chart, the state point of the resulting mixture lies on the
straight line connecting the state points of the two streams being mixed, and divides the line
into two segments, in the same ratio as the masses of dry air in the two streams.
___ ___ ___
m a1 32 m  a1 32  a 2 13
m
 ___ ,  ___ , 
m a2  a3
m  a3 ___
m
13 12 12
This is most easily shown by solving for h3 and W3;
ma1
h1  h2
ma 2
h3 
m
1  a1
ma 2
ma1
W1  W2
ma 2
W3 
m
1  a1
ma 2

Example No. 4
A stream of 2 m3/s of outdoor air at 4°C dry-bulb temperature and 2°C thermodynamic wet-bulb
temperature is adiabatically mixed with 6.25 m3/s of recirculated air at 25°C dry-bulb temperature
and 50% rh. Find the dry-bulb temperature and thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature of the
resulting mixture.
Given:
Point 1: 4 C db and 2 C wb, 2 m3/s
Point 2: 25 C db and 50% rh, 6.25 m3/s
Required:
Db and wb of the resulting mixture.

Solution:
Figure 8 shows the schematic solution. States 1 and 2 are located on the ASHRAE Chart, revealing
that v1  0.789 m3 kgda , and v 2  0.858 m3 kgda . Therefore,
V 2
m a1    2.535 kgda s
v1 0.789
V 6.25
m a2    7.284 kgda s
v 2 0.858

8
 Figure 8 Adiabatic Mixing Process on Psychrometric Chart

Then;
___
 a 2 13
m 7.284
 ___   0.742
ma3 12 2.535  7.284

___ ___
Consequently, the length of line segment 13 is 0.742 times the length of entire line 12 . Using a
ruler, State 3 is located, and the values t 3  19.5 C db and t3  14.6 C wb found

3.4 Adiabatic Humidification of Moist Air

Steam or liquid water can be injected into a moist airstream to raise its humidity. Figure 9
represents a diagram of this common air conditioning process. If the mixing is adiabatic, the
following equations apply:

9
 Figure 9. Schematic of a Humidifying Device.

 a h1  m
m  w hw  m  a h2
 aW1  m
m w m  aW2

Therefore,
h2  h1 h
  hw
W2  W1 W

according to which, on the ASHRAE chart, the final state point of the moist air lies on a straight
line whose direction is fixed by the specific enthalpy of the injected water, drawn through the
initial state point of the moist air.

Example No. 5
Moist air at 20°C dry-bulb and 8°C thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature is to be processed to a
final dew-point temperature of 13°C by adiabatic injection of saturated steam at 110°C. The rate of
dry airflow is 2 kg/s (dry air). Find the final dry-bulb temperature of the moist air and the rate of
steam flow.
Given:
Point 1: 20 C db, 8 C wb
Point 2: 13 C dp, 110 C sat. steam.
Mass flow rate = 2 kgs
Required:
Final dry-bulb temp. of moist air (t2) and rate of steam flow (mw).

Solution:
Figure 10 shows the schematic solution. By Table A-1a, Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning, 5th
Edition. F.C. McQuiston et al. (Properties of Water-Steam), the enthalpy of the steam is
hg  2691 kJ kgw . Therefore, according to the above equation, the condition line on the ASHRAE
chart connecting state 1 and 2 must have a direction:

10
 h2  h1 h
  hw
W2  W1 W
h
 2.691 kJ gw
W

Figure 10. Adiabatic Humdification Process on Psychrometric Chart

The condition line can be drawn with the h W protractor. First, establish the reference line on the
protractor by connecting the origin with the value h W  2.691 kJ gw . Draw a second line parallel
to the reference line and through the initial state point of the moist air. This second line is the
condition line. State 2 is established at the intersection of the condition line with the horizontal line
extended from the saturation curve at 13 C ( t d 2  13 C ).Thus, t 2  21 C .

Values of W2 and W1 can be read from the chart. The required steam flow is,
m aW1  mw m aW2
mw  ma W2  W1 
 
m w  20.0093  0.0018 
m w  0.015 kg s (steam).

11
3.5 Heating and Humidifying Moist Air
A device to heat and humidify moist air is shown schematically in Figure 11. This process is
generally required to maintain comfort during the cold months of the year.

Figure 11 Schematic of a heating and humidifying device

An energy balance on the device yields

m a h1  q  m
 w hw  m  a h2
and a mass balance on the water gives
m aW1  m w m  aW2
Combine equations above to obtain
h2  h1 q
 h
W2  W1 m  a W2  W1  w
Or
h2  h1 q
  hw
W2  W1 m w

The last equation above describes a straight line that connects the initial and final states on
the psychrometric chart. Figure 12 shows a combined heating and humidifying process, states 1-
2.

A graphical procedure makes use of the semicircular scale on Charts 1 to locate the process
line. The ratio of the change in the enthalpy to the change in humidity ratio is
h h h q
 2 1   hw
W W2  W1 m w

Figure 12 shows the procedure where a straight line is laid out parallel to the line on the
protractor through state 1.

12
 Figure 12 Combined heating and humidifying process.

Example No. 6
Moist air is withdrawn from a room at 25°C dry-bulb temperature and 19°C thermodynamic wet-
bulb temperature. The sensible rate of heat gain for the space is 9 kW. A rate of moisture gain of
0.0015 kg/s (water) occurs from the space occupants. This moisture is assumed as saturated water
vapor at 30°C. Moist air is introduced into the room at a dry-bulb temperature of 15°C. Find the
required thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature and volume flow rate of the supply air.

Solution:
Figure 12 shows the schematic solution. State 2 is located on the ASHRAE Chart. From Table A-1a,
Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning, 5th Edition. F.C. McQuiston et al. (Properties of Water-
Steam), the specific enthalpy of the added water vapour is hg  2555.52 kJ kgw . Therefore,
h 9
  2555 .52  8555 kJ kgw  8.555 kJ gw
W 0.0015
With the h W protractor, establish a reference line of direction h W  8.555 kJ gw . Parallel
to this reference line, draw a straight line on the chart through state 2. The intersection of this line
with the 15 C dry-bulb temperature line is state 1. Thus, t1  13.8 C .

13
 The flow of dry air can be calculated from
q  m w hw
ma 
h2  h1

9  0.0015 2555 .52 

a 
m  0.856 kgda s
54.0  39.0
At state 1, v1  0.859 m3 kgda
Therefore, supply volume = m  av1  0.856 0.859   0.735 m3 s
3.6 Sensible and Latent Heat Transfer Rate, Sensible Heat Factor.
The cooling and dehumidifying process involves both sensible and latent heat transfer; the
sensible heat transfer rate is associated with the decrease in dry bulb temperature, and the
latent heat transfer rate is associated with the decrease in humidity ratio. These quantities may
be expressed as
 a c p t1  t 2 
q s  m
And
 a W1  W2 hfg
ql  m
The energy of the condensate has been neglected. Obviously
q  q s  q l
The sensible heat factor SHF is denoted as q s / q . This parameter is shown on the
semicircular scale of ASHRAE Chart. Note that the SHF can be negative. If we use the standard
sign convention that sensible or latent heat transfer to the system is positive and transfer from
the system negative, the proper sign will result. For example, with the cooling and
dehumidifying process above, both sensible and latent heat transfer are away from the air, q s
and q l are both negative, and the SHF is positive. In a situation where air is being cooled
sensibly but a large latent heat gain is present, the SHF will be negative if the absolute value of
q l is greater than q s .
4. EXAMPLE OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS
4.1 Cooling and Dehumidifying System
A given space is to be maintained at 78 F db and 65 F wb. The total heat gain to the space has
been determined to be 60,000 Btu/hr of which 42,000 Btu/hr is sensible heat transfer. The
outdoor air requirement of the occupants is 500 cfm. The outdoor air has a temperature and
relative humidity of 90 F and 55 percent, respectively. Determine the quantity and the state of
the air supplied to the space and the required capacity of the cooling and dehumidifying
equipment.

Figure 13 Single-line sketch of cooling and dehumidifying system for Example 4.1.

14
Given:
Space condition: 78 F db and 65 F wb
Outdoor air condition: 90 F and 55 % RH
Total heat gain to the space = 60,000 Btu/hr
Sensible heat transfer to the space = 42,000 Btu/hr
Outdoor air requirement = 500 cfm
Required:
Quantity and state of air supplied to the space.
Capacity of the cooling and dehumidifying equipment.
Solution:
A simplified schematic is shown in Figure 2.13. The given quantities are shown and stations are
numbered for reference. The sensible heat factor for the conditioned space is
q 42 ,000
SHF  s   0.7
q 60 ,000
The state of the air entering the space lies on the line defined by the SHF on psychrometric
Chart 1. Therefore, state 3 is located as shown on Figure 14, and a line is drawn through the
point parallel to the SHF = 0.7 line on the protractor. State 2 may be any point on that line and is
determined by the operating characteristics of the equipment, desired indoor air quality, and
what will be comfortable for the occupants. For now assume that the dry bulb temperature of
the entering air is 20 F less than the space temperature t 3 . Then t 2  58 F , and state 2 is
determined. The air quantity required may now be found from an energy balance on the space:
m a 2 h2  q  m  a 3h3
Or
q  m  a 2 h3  h2 
And
q
m a2 
h3  h2

Figure 14 Psychrometric processes for Example 4.1

15
From Chart 1, h3  30 Btu lbma , h2  23 Btu lbma , and
60,000
m a2  m a3   8570 lbma hr
30  23
Also from Chart 1, v 2  13.21 ft 3 lbma and the air volume flow rate required is
8570 13.21
Q 2  m
 a 2v 2   1890 cfm
60
Before attention is directed to the cooling and dehumidifying process, state 1 must be
determined. A mass balance on the mixing section yields
m a0  m a4  m  a1  m a2
Q
m a0  0
v0
v0  14.23 ft 3 lbma
500  60
m a0   2110 lbma hr
14.23
Then the recirculated air is
m a4  m
 a2  m
 a 0  8570  2110  6460 lbma hr
By using the graphical technique and referring to Figure 2.14, we see that
___
31  a 0 2110
m
___
   0.246
 a1 8570
m
30
___ ___
31  0.246 30
State 1 is located at 81 F db and 68 F wb. A line constructed from state 1 to state 2 on Chart 1
then represents the process taking place in the conditioning equipment.
An energy balance gives
m a1h1  q c  m  a 2 h2
Solving for the rate at which energy is removed in the cooling coil
q c  m a1 h1  h2 
From Chart 1,
h1  32.4 Btu lbma
and
q c  8570 32.4  23  80 ,600 Btu hr  6.7 tons
The sensible heat factor (SHF) for the cooling coil is found to be 0.6 using the protractor of Chart
1 (Figure 2.14). Then
q cs  0.680 ,600   48,400 Btu hr
and
q cl  80 ,600  48,400  32 ,300 Btu hr
The sum of q cs and q cl is known as the coil refrigeration load; because of outdoor air cooling it is
different from the space cooling load.

16
4.2 Heating and Humidifying System
A space is to be maintained at 75 F and 50 percent relative humidity. Heat losses from the space
are 225,000 Btu/hr sensible and 56,250 Btu/hr latent. The latent heat transfer is due to the
infiltration of cold dry air. The outdoor air required is 1000 cfm and is at 35 F and 80 percent
relative humidity. Determine the quantity of air supplied at 120 F, the state of the supply air, the
size of the furnace or heating coil, and the humidifier characteristics.

Figure 15 The heating and humidification process for Example 2.6.2.

Given:
Space condition: 75 F and 50 % RH
Sensible heat loss from space = 225,000 Btu/hr
Latent heat loss from space = 56,250 Btu/hr
Outdoor air cfm = 1000 cfm
Outdoor air condition = 35 F and 80% RH
Supply air = 120 F
Required:
Quantity of air supplied
State of the supply air
Size of furnace or heating coil
Humidifier Characteristics

Solution:
Figure 15 is a schematic for the problem; it contains the given information and reference points.
First consider the conditioned space:
225 ,000
SHF   0.80
225 ,000  56 ,250
The state of the supply air lies on a line drawn through state point 3 parallel to the SHF=0.8 line
on the protractor of Chart 1. Figure 16 shows this construction. State 2 is located at 120 F dry
bulb and the intersection of this line. An energy balance on the space gives
 a 2 h2  q  m
m  a 3h3
Or q  m  a 2 h2  h3 
From Chart 1, h2  42 Btu lbma , h3  28.2 Btu lbma , and
q 281,250
m a2    20,400 lbma hr
h2  h3 42  28.2

17
From Chart 1, v 2  14.89 ft 3 lbma , and
20,400
Q 2  14.89  5060 cfm
60

Figure 16 Psychrometric processes for Example 2.6.2

To find the conditions at state 1, the mixing process must be considered. A mass balance on the
mixing section yields
 a0  m
m  a4  m a1  m
 a2
Or
 a4  m
m  a2  m
 a0
Q
m a 0  0 , and v0  12.53 ft 3 lbma
v0
1000  60
 a0 
m  4790 lbma hr
12.53
 a 4  20 ,400  4790  15,600 lbma hr
m

Using the graphical technique and referring to Figure 2.16, we obtain

___ m ___ 4790 ___ ___
31  a0 30  30  0.235 30 
m a1 20,400
___
State 1 is then located at 66 F db and 57 F wb. The line 12 constructed on Chart 1, Figure 16,
represents the combination heating and humidifying process that must take place in the heating
and humidifying unit. However, in practice the processes must be carried out separately.
Assume that saturated vapor at 200 F is used in the humidifier. Then hw  1145.8 Btu lbm from
Table A-1a, Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning, 5th Edition. F.C. McQuiston et al.
(Properties of Water-Steam). The required sensible heating is
 a c p t X  t1 
q1a  q s  m
q s  20 ,400 0.245 119  66   264 ,900 Btu hr

18
 The amount of water vapor supplied to the humidifier is given by
v m
m  a W2  W1 
Where W2  0.012 lbmv lbma and W1  0.008 lbmv lbma from Chart 1, so that
 v  20 ,4000.012  0.008   82 lbmv hr
m

5. EXERCISE PROBLEMS

5.1 A chilled water cooling coil receives 2.5 m3/s of air at 25 C db, 20 C wb. It is necessary for the air
to leave the coil at 13 C db, 12 C wb. Assume sea level pressure.
(a) Determine the SHF and the apparatus dew point.
(b) Compute the total and sensible heat transfer rates from the air.
Answer: (a) 0.528, 6.45, (b) 67.22, 35.5.
5.2 Air at 100 F db and 65 F wb is humidified adiabatically with steam. The steam supplied contains
20 percent moisture (quality of 0.80) at 14.7 psia. If the air is humidified to 60 percent relative
humidity, what is the dry bulb temperature of the humidified air? Assume sea level pressure.
Answer: 91.6 F
5.3 Air at 38 C db and 18 C wb is humidified adiabatically with steam. The steam supplied contains
20 percent moisture (quality of 0.80) at 101.3 kPa. If the air is humidified to 60 percent relative
humidity, what is the dry bulb temperature of the humidified air? Assume sea level pressure.
Answer: 33.1 C
5.4 Air at 84 F db and 60 F wb is humidified with the dry bulb temperature remaining constant. Wet
steam is supplied for humidification at 20 psia. What quality must the steam have to provide
saturated air? Assume sea level pressure.
Answer: 93.95%
5.5 Air at 29 C db and 16 C wb is humidified with the dry bulb temperature remaining constant. Wet
steam is supplied for humidification at 138 kPa. What quality must the steam have to provide
saturated air? Assume sea level pressure.
Answer: 93.9%
5.6 Air at 38 C db and 20 C wb and 101.325 kPa is humidified adiabatically with liquid water supplied
at 60 C, in such proportions that the mixture has a relative humidity of 80 percent. Find the dry
bulb temperature of the mixture.
Answer: 22.86
5.7 It is desired to heat and humidify 2000 cfm of air from an initial state defined by a temperature
of 60 F dry bulb and relative humidity of 30 percent to a final state of 110 F dry bulb and 30
percent relative humidity. The air will first be heated by a hot water coil, followed by adiabatic
humidification using saturated vapour at 5 psig. Using the psychrometric chart, find the heat
transfer rate for the heating coil and the mass flow rate of the water vapour, and sketch the
properties on a skeleton chart showing pertinent data. Assume sea level pressure.
Answer: 104,412 ; 122.5
5.8 It is desired to heat and humidify 1.0 m3/s of air from an initial state defined by a temperature of
16 C dry bulb and relative humidity of 30 percent to a final state of 43 C dry bulb and 30 percent
relative humidity. The air will first be heated by a hot water coil, followed by adiabatic
humidification using saturated vapour at 34.5 kPa. Using the psychrometric chart, find the heat
transfer rate for the heating coil and the mass flow rate of the water vapour, and sketch the
properties on a skeleton chart showing pertinent data. Assume sea level pressure.
Answer: 31.6 ; 0.01576

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 5.9 Air at 40 F db and 35 F wb is mixed with warm air at 100 F db and 77 F wb in the ratio of 2 lbm
cool air to 1 lbm of warm air. Compute the humidity ratio and enthalpy of the mixed air.
Answer: 0.00702, 21.88
5.10 Air at 5 C db and 2 C wb is mixed with warm air at 38 C db and 25 C wb in the ratio of 2 kga cool
air to 1 kga of warm air. Compute the humidity ratio and enthalpy of the mixed air.
Answer: 0.00698, 33.90
5.11 Air at 10 C db and 5 C wb is mixed with air at 25 C db and 18 C wb in a steady-flow process at
standard atmospheric pressure. The volume flow rates are 10 m3/s and 6 m3/s, respectively.
Compute the mixture conditions.
Answer: 15.4, 10.4 .
5.12 A meeting hall is to be maintained at 25 C db and 18 C wb. The barometric pressure is 101.325
kPa. The space has a load of 58.6 kW sensible load and 58.6 kW latent. The temperature of the
supply air cannot be lower than 18 C db. (a) How many kilograms per second of air must be
supplied? (b) What is the required wet bulb temperature of the supply air? (c) What is the
sensible heat ratio?
Answer: (a) 8.2073 ; (b) 12.92 ; (c) 0.50 .
5.13 Outdoor air is at 95 F and 79 F wb and at a barometric pressure of 29.92 in. Hg is cooled and
dehumidified under steady conditions until it becomes saturated at 60 F. (a) Find the mass of
water condensed per pound of dry air. (b) If the condensate is removed at 60 F, what quantity of
heat is removed per pound of dry air?
Answer: (a) 0.0067 ; (b) 15.79 .
5.14 Outdoor air is at 35 C and 26 C wb and at a barometric pressure of 101 kPa is cooled and
dehumidified under steady conditions until it becomes saturated at 16 C. (a) Find the mass of
water condensed per kg of dry air. (b) If the condensate is removed at 16 C, what quantity of
heat is removed per kilogram of dry air?
Answer: (a) 0.0061 ; (b) 34.94 .
5.15 Moist air enters a refrigeration coil at 89 F db and 75 F wb at a rate of 1400 cfm. The apparatus
dewpoint temperature of the coil is 55 F. If 3.5 tons of refrigeration is available, find the dry bulb
temperature of the air leaving the coil. Assume sea level pressure.
Answer: 73.18 .
5.16 Saturated steam at a pressure of 25 psia is sprayed into a stream of moist air. The initial
condition of air is 55 F db and 45 F wb temperature. The mass rate of air flow is 2000 lbma/min.
Barometric pressure is 14.696 psia. Determine (a) how much steam (in lbm/min) must be added
to produce a saturated air condition and (b) the resulting temperature of the saturated air.
Answer: (a) 12 ; (b) 57.2 .
5.17 Saturated water vapor at 100 C is used to humidify a stream of moist air. The air enters the
humidifier at 13 C db and 2 C wb at a flow rate of 2.5 m 3/s. The pressure is 101.35 kPa.
Determine (a) the mass flow rate of the steam required to saturate the air and (b) the
temperature of saturated air.
Answer: (a) 0.0318 ; (b) 14.47 .

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