ANTI-INFECTIVES
Aldehydes- direct and non-specific alkylation of the nucleophilic functional groups of proteins and
nucleic acids forming carbinols.
Phenols- acts on cell membrane and inactivates intra-cytoplasmic enzymes forming unstable complexes.
Iodine- protein inactivation by iodination of phenylalanyl and tyrosyl residues; oxidation of -SH groups.
Hydrous Benzoyl Peroxide- induce proliferation of epithelial cells leading to sloughing and repair.
Chlorine- chlorination (oxidation) of amide nitrogen (peptide bond) atoms in protein and oxidation of
sulfhydryl groups.
Elemental Mercury- reacts with the -SH of enzymes and the other proteins by forming R-S-Hg-R
ANTI-FUNGALS
Phenols and derivatives- interfere the cell membrane integrity and function in the susceptible fungi.
Ciclopirox olamine- Low concentration: block the amino acids into the cell; high concentration: lost of
membrane integrity and cellular constituents.
Griseofulvin- mitotic spindle poison, binds to the tubulin dimes required for microtubule assembly.
Azoles-inhibits lanosterol.
Clotrimazole- interferes with the amino acid transport into the organism by an action of CM.
ANTI-PROTOZOALS
Dimercaprol- chelation
ANTHELMINTHICS
Piperazine-increase the resting potential of the helminth muscle so that the muscle membrane is
supressed leading to flaccid paralysis.
Pyrantel pamoate- promotes depolarization of the helminth’s myoneural junction and cholinesterase
inhibition.
Mebendazole- inhibition of glucose uptake leading to depleted glycogen storage-> decrease ATP
synthesis.
Niridazole- inhibits the conversion of the active form schistosomal glycogen phosphorylase into inactive
form.
Niclosamide- inhibition of glucose uptake, inhibition of energy production by anaerobic metabolism and
inhibition of inorganic phosphate incorporation into ATP.
Praziquantel- produce tetanic-like contraction within the muscle system of the fluke leading to the
segment of worms.
ANTI-MALARIAL
Atovaquone and Proguanil- inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase and damage to the parasites
mitochondria.
ANTI-NEOPLASTIC