CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A tennis indoor stadium is venue for outdoor sports. The seating capacity of the
stadium is approximately 700 nos. our stadium has gradually emerged as a hub
for various activities. This stadium accompanied with administrative block of
(G+1) framed structure in front of the court which have various utility area like
gymnasium, rooms for player’s stay, canteen ,conference hall .The lower level
of the gallery is used as a store room. Nearly, 4 entrance & exit way are
provided in order to avoid collusion .The main entrance which is west facing
which opens into a grand foyer hall with adjoining office, pantry facilities. And
there is no intermediate column in the stadium .so, there is no obstruction to
vision of audience .The total area of stadium is 2500 sq.m (26900sq.ft).this
project is proposed at Thanjavur zone .the soil type is hard soil for this zone
selection.

ADVANTAGES
A steel structural system is opted for the design of the main indoor stadium
building.
The structure would be constructed much faster
Cost would be lower compared to traditional building method
It reduced the risk of fire, and stadium is avoid too much of bricks and concrete.
It is recycled and reuse. Hence there is a renewable building materials are used.
Minimize negative impact on environment
Maximum usages, limit dead space, stand for longtime.
There should be 4 entrances to the stadium its means of lot of fire exits around
the stadium.

1
 CHAPTER 2
SPECIFICATION

2.1. CLEANING THE SITE:

The proposed area is to be cleaned of all obstruction and loose stones.

Plants of trees, materials, rubbish of all kinds as well as root of trees, etc.
entirely rubbed out.

2.2. MARKING OF CENTERING:

As per the plan prepared the centerline & the borderline of the wall is
marked on the site for Earthwork Excavation.

2.3. EARTHWORK EXCAVATION:

As the construction of framed structure pits are digged out for the
construction if columns .The Earth is excavated for the connecting the
columns. The depth of excavation is below ground level. The Safe
bearing capacity of soil is 150KN/m2.

2.4. CEMENT CONCRETE:

For all reinforcement in beam, columns, and footing the C.C .mix shall be in the
ratio of 1:2:4 for this 20mm size coarse aggregates are to be used which should
be hard flaky. Decade aggregates are not be used. The fine aggregate should be
passed through IS sieve and it should be free from cement and should have
setting times of 30 minutes initial and 10hour for final.

The mixing should be carried out manually. The materials are first mixed dry
and then water is to be added gradually and tamped by vibrators.

2
2.5. BASEMENT:

The basement is also constructed with brick work of cement mortar of

1:4mix.

2.6. SAND FILLING:

The sand filling is done for the depth of 0.45m with river sand for
uniform thickness and uniform compaction.

2.7. DAMP PROOF COURSE:

Top surface of the basement level with c.c 1:2 20mm thick to serve as
damp proof course.

2.8. FLOORING:

Provide Cement of 1:2:4 mix for flooring to a depth of 100mm, with

Cement mortar of 1:3, 20mm thick and finished cement mortar.

2.9. BRICKWORK IN SUPER STRUCTURE:

All walls are Super structure will be of First Class Brick in Cement
Mortar 1:6 above floor level. Height of roofing 3m thickness of wall is
230mm. Thick of Partition wall will be 110mm.

2.10. DOORS AND WINDOWS:

Door (D1) = 1000mm×2100mm

Door (D) = 900mm×2100mm

Window (W) = 1500mm×2100mm

Opening (O) = 1000mm×2100mm

3
2.11. COLUMNS&BEAMS:

Beams &Columns are cast in R.C.C 1:1.5:4 of required Size. It is

designed as per IS 456-2000 for plain and reinforcement concrete using
limit state method.

2.12 ROOFING:

The truss is roofed by G.I sheets which is rest on purl in.

2.13. LINTEL:

The lintel level beam over opening consists of R.C.C 1:2:4 with sufficient
depth as per design.

2.14. SUNSHADE:

The sunshades are combined with lintels, Sunshade projections are

600mm for the edge of wall. The thickness of Sunshade at support is
230mm, the required reinforcement is provided as per design.

2.15. WOOD WORKS:

Timbers used for wood works are well seasoned and of better quality.

2.16. ROOF SLAB:

The roofing slab for all rooms and passage is R.C.C 1:2:4 mix having
160mm thick. It will be provided with necessary reinforcement as per
design.

2.17. STAIR CASE:

Staircases are provided to make the people comfortable in accessing

different floors. Provisions are made as per building code. Dog legged
staircase type is provided and also straight type staircase are provided as
gallery in indoor stadium

4
2.18. WEATHERING COURSE:

Weathering course provided in brick jelly lime concrete and top finished
with one course of pressed red tiles.

2.19. PLASTERING:

The Interior and Exterior face of wall are to be plastered within Cement
Mortar of 1:3 having 12 mm thick and rendered smooth.

2.20. WHITE WASHINGAND COLOUR WASHING:

Exterior face of wall will be color washed with two coats over one cost of
shell lime and the Interior face of wall will be white washing with two
coats of shell lime.

2.21. SEPTIC TANK:

To provide a satisfactory disposal of sewage received from building,

Septic tank is to be provided as per IS Specification.

2.22. WATER SUPPLY AND ARRANGEMENTS:

In our building the water connection is taken from the main pipeline
connection. All Interior connection for rooms and foundation are made
conveniently.

2.23. ELECTRICAL SUPPLY:

In our building the electrical supply 3 Phase connection.

5
 CHAPTER -3
METHODOLOGY

1.0 GENERAL:

The design space includes the various stages in the project as follows

1) Site selection
2) Architectural planning and design
3) Structural Design

1.1. PLANNING:

The entire 2D Drafting and annotations of the indoor stadium and framed
structure is done with the help of AutoCAD.

1.2. ANALYSIS:

The Numerical modeling and analysis is carried out with the help of
STAAD.PRO and the shear force, Bending Moment and Deflection are
calculated according to the dimensions.

1.3. DESIGN:

The entire framed structure (slab, Beam and Column) of the INDOOR
STADIUM is designed as per Limit State Method. All the design are done
according to IS code Provisions.

6
 CHAPTER -4

4.1 PLAN OF TENNIS INDOOR STADIUM.

7
GROUND FLOOR WITH DESCRIPTION

8
FIRST FLOOR WITH DISCRIPTION

9
 CHAPTER -5
5.1STAAD. PRO ANALYSIS.

STAAD.PRO is structural analysis design program software. It includes a state

of the art user interface, visualization tools and international design codes. It is
used for 3D model generation, analysis and multi material design. The
commercial version of stadd.pro supports several steel, concrete and timber
design codes. It is one of the software application created to help structural
engineers to automate their tasks and to remove the tedious and long procedures
of the manual methods.

TRUSS MEMBERS

10
LOAD ACTING ON THE ROOF TRUSS.

11
BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM ALONG Y & Z AXIS.

3D- RENDERED VIEW.

12
WIND PRESSURE ACTING ON LEEWARD AND WINDWARD SIDE

13
BEAM SUMMARY

14
15
(G+1) BUILDING STADD PRO. RESULTS

3D RENDERED VIEW

16
BEAM SUMMARY

17
18
LOAD DISTRIBUTION DIAGRAM

BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM

19
20
 CHAPTER -6
DESIGN OF STEEL TRUSS

DEAD LOAD CALCULATION:

Dead load acting on truss as per “IS -875-Part I”

Sheet size = 2m x1m

=2m2

Spacing of truss =3m.

Weight of 1 sheet =5.420kg/m2

= 5.420 x 2

= 10.89kg/m2

= 10.84 x 9.81

= 319.02 N/m2

Load per meter =319.02/2=159.5N/m2

Then the weight includes laps, connectors may be taken as =200 N/m2

Spacing of purlin=1m

Total D.L= 200 X1=200 N/m2

Live load calculation:

Span of truss=34m

Roof slope=0

Rise=1/6 of span

= (1/6) x 34=6m

21
Roof slope= tan𝜃 = opp/adj

= 6/17

= tan-1(6/17)

= 19.46•

Roof slope is 𝜃 = 19.46• ≥ 10•. So, from (IS 875- PART 2)

L.L. = 2/3[750-(𝜃-10) 20]

=2/3[750-(19.46•-10•) 20]

=366.67N/m2≈ 370N/m2.

Wind load calculation: (IS 875-PART III):

VZ = K1 x K2 x K3 x Vb

K1 =1

Life of structure=50 years

(Zone trichy the wind is 47m/s, this value is taken from code book).

Our structures is category 3(height >10m=10+6=16m).

Therefore k2=0.91 (refer CL: 4:3.2)

K3 =1+CS

K3 =1

Now,

VZ = 47 X1X 0.91X1

= 42.77 m/s.

PZ = 0.6X VZ2

= 1097.56 N/m2.

22
Factored load = (0.6+1.1) x1.5

F.L NORMAL TO SHEETING = 1.7 X COS 19.46

=2.39kN/m2

MZ =wl2 /10

=2.39x 32 / 10

= 2.151kNm

Trial section (150 x75 x 10 angle section)

Breadth of section = L/60=3000/60= 50mm

=75mm (approx.)

Depth of section= L/45=3000/45=66.67mm

=150mm.

Adopt 150x 75x 10 mm thick angle section.

B/tf =75/10=7.5

d/tw =150/10=15

Hence it belongs to class 3 (semi compact) sections.

For such section,Md=bZpfy/m= ZeFy/o

ForISA 150X 75X 10 mm

Ze=51.6x 103 mm3.

Md =51.6 X 103 X 250/1.1= 11.72KNm.11.72> 2.151.

Hence ISA 150 X75X 10 mm is suitable for roof truss.

.
23
 DESIGN OF ROOF TRUSS

Length of top chord = 18.027m

Select 6 panels = 18.027/6=3m

LOADS

Weight of sheeting including lap and connections =200N/m2

Weight of purl in =370N/m2

Self-weight of truss = 20 +6.6L

=20+ (6.6x34) = 245N/mm2

Total D.L =200 + 370 + 245=815N/m2

Each purlin takes care of an area= 3x3

= 9m2

Load on each intermediate panel= 815x3x3

=7.335xkN

Load on shoe taking 450mm roof projection load=815 x (3/2+0.45/2)x3

=4.217KN.

Live load:

L.L = 750-(19.46-100X20

=550N/m2

L.L on intermediate panel point= 550x3x3=4.95KN

L.L on shoe =550x (3/2+0.45/2)x3 =2.849KN.

24
WIND LOAD:

Wind pressure co efficient=10/34=1.5<1.76

Roof angle= 19.46

Wing angle= 0 for rafter slope 19.46

On windward side= -0.7

On leeward side = -0.6

Wind angle =90 for rafter slope 19.46

On windward side= -0.8

On leeward side= -0.8

For a building with medium permeability

CPi =0.5

Design wind pressure on windward side= (-0.6-0.8) x957.60=-1244.8N/m2

Design wind pressure of leeward side = (-0.6-0.8)x957.6= -1244.8N/m2

Wind pressure on windward side =-1.244KN/m2

Wind pressure on leeward side=-1.244KN/m2

Wind load on panel on windward side,

a) Intermediate panel= -1.244x3x3 = -11.2KN

b) At shoe = -1.244x(3/2+0.45/2)= -6.44KN

Wind load on leeward side

a) Intermediate panel = -1.244x3x3 = -11.2KN

b) At shoe = 1.22x (3/2+0.45/2)= -6.44KN.

25
 DESIGN OF BEAM-I

Effective Span =3.2m

Live Load = 5KN/m

Breadth = 300 mm

Depth (D) = 300mm

d’=50 mm

d =250mm

Mu=54.722KN/m

fy= 415N/mm2

fck= 20N/mm2

Mulim= 0.138fckbd2

= 0.138×25×300×2502

= 74.52KNm

Mu2=Total Mu -Mu lim

= 54.722-74.52

= 19.79KNm

Xumax = 0.48×300

=120mm

𝑥𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑥 −𝑑 ′
fsc = 0.0035×(
𝑥𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑥
)

26
 120−50
= 0.0035×(
120
) (2 × 105 )

= 408.33

𝑀𝑢2
Asc =(
𝑓𝑠𝑐(𝑑−𝑑 ′ )
)

19.79×106
=
408.33(250−50)

= 242.32mm2

Assume Diameter =16 mm

242.32
No of bars = 𝜋
4
×162

= 1.8

≈ 2 Bars
𝜋
Area of 3 bars = 2× × 162
4

= 402.12mm2

Total Ast = Ast1 +Ast2

0.36×fck ×xu ×b
Ast=
0.87𝑓𝑦

0.36×20×120×300
=
0.87×415

= 717.9mm2

Asc ×fsc
Ast2 =
0.87fy

402.12×408.33
=
0.87×415

= 274.05mm2

27
 Total Ast = 717.9+274.05 = 991.9mm2

Assume diameter =20mm

991.9
No of bars = 𝜋
×202
4

= 3.2

≈4Bars
𝜋
Area of 5 bars = 4× × 202
4

=1256.6 mm2

Provide 2 bars of 16mmØ Compressive reinforcement and provide 4 bars of 20

mm Ø at tensile reinforcement.

Check for Shear Stresses

𝑉𝑢
τv =
𝑏𝑑

56.930×103
=
300×250

= 0.75𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2
100𝐴𝑠𝑡
P =
𝑏𝑑

100×1256.6
=
300×250

= 1.67%

τc = 0.74𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2

τc (max) = 2.8 𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2

Vus = Vu –τcbd

= 56.930×103 – (0.75 𝑋300 × 250) = 56.873KN

28
 0.87𝑓𝑦𝐴𝑠𝑣 𝑑
Sv =
𝑉𝑢𝑠

∏
Asv = 2× ×82
4

= 100.54 mm2

0.87×415×100.54×250
Sv1 =
56873

= 160mm

Sv2 = 0.75d

= 0.75×250

= 187.5mm

Sv3 = 300mm

Assume the Least value

Sv = 160 mm

Provide 2 legged of 8mmØ at 160 mm spacing.

Check for Deflection:

𝑙
(𝑑)max = 15×kt×kc

100×991.19
p = = 1.67%
300×250

100×402.12
p = = 0.5%
300×250

Kt=0.8& kc=1.1

𝑙
(𝑑)max= 15×kt×kc

29
 = 15×0.8 = 13.695mm

𝑙 3200
(𝑑)prov = 250

= 12.8 mm

𝑙 𝑙
(𝑑)max > (𝑑)prov

DETAILED VIEW OF BEAM -I

30
 Column design-I

Data’s,

Lo = 3.35m

Leff = 3.35

Factored axial load of the column = 174.989KN.

Size of column is taken as 400 x400 mm.

Materials: M20 grade of concrete & Fe415 steel.

fck=20N/mm2

fy = 415 N/mm2

Slenderness ratio:

𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓
=
𝐷

3350
=
400

= 8.375<12

Hence, the column is designed as short column.

Min eccentricity (emin):

𝐿 𝐷
emin =[ + ]
500 30

3350 400
=[ + ]
500 30

= 20 < 30 (hence, it’s satisfied)

0.05X D = 0.05 X400 = 20

31
MAIN REINFORCEMENT:

Pu = [0.4 x fck x Ag + (0.6fy -0.4fck)Asc]

174.989 x 103= [0.4 x 20x 4002+ (0.6x 415 -0.4x 20) Asc]

Asc = 4585 mm2.

Percentage of steel,
4585
P= x 100
4002

=2.8⁒

This is more than 0.8⁒ and less than 6⁒

Hence, area of main reinforcement is satisfactory

4585
Provide 20mm ϕbars, n = π
4
x222

=12 no. Of. bars

Provide 12 bars of 22 mm diameter

𝜋
Therefore, Asc =12 x 𝑥222
4

=4398.22mm2

Spacing = [400-40-40-20/2] = 200mm c/c.

Lateral steel (distribution bars):

22
Diameter of link≤ =5.5mm
4

Adopt 8mm ϕ bars with spacing at least

a) Dimension of column = 400 x400 mm

b) 16 times the diameter of longitudinal steel = 16 x 22 = 350mm
c) 300mm

32
Adopt 8 mmϕ bars of 300mm spacing (as per IS 456:2000).

33
 BOLTED CONNECTIONS

Tension force in the main member =174.989KN.

Considering the strength in yield, gross area required is given by,

𝐴𝑔𝑥𝑓𝑦
174.989 x 103 =
1.1

𝐴𝑔𝑥 250
=
1.1

Ag =769.95mm2

Selected Ag = 4312mm2

Use 20 mm block bolts,

Strength in shear:
𝜋 400 1
Tdg = 0.78 x x202 x 2 𝑥
4 √3 1.25

=45272N.

STRENGTH IN BEARING:

emin =1.2 x20 =30mm

pmin= 2.5 x20 =50mm.

kb= 0.4545
1
Tdn =2.5 xkb x d x t x fu x
𝛾𝑚𝑏

400
= 2.5 x0.4545x 20x 10x
1.25

=72720N

Hence the bolt value is 45272N.

34
Number of bolt required =(174.989 x 103)/45427

=4 no. of boltS

𝐴𝑔𝑥𝑓𝑦
Yield strength =
1.1

4312 x 250
=
1.1

= 980kN> 174.989kN.hence, O.K.

RUPTURE STRENGTH:
10
Anc = (75 - -22) x10 = 480mm2.
2

10
Ago = (150- ) x10 = 1450mm2.
2

150 250 175 fu γ

mo
β=1.4 -0.076( x x ) =1.1298> 0.7 and <
10 410 450 fy γml

0.9 𝑥 480 𝑥 410 1.1298 𝑥1450 𝑥250

Strength in rupture = +
1.25 1.1

=513.896 > 174.989 KN.

BLOCK SHEAR STRENGTH:

Avg = (200 +30) x 10 =2300mm2

Avn = (230 + (3.5x 22)) x10 =1530mm2

Atg = (45 x 10) = 450 mm2

Atn = (45 x ( 0.5 x 22)) = 340mm2

Avgfy 0.9Atnfu
Tdg= +
√3x 1.1 γm0

2300 𝑥 250 0.9 𝑥340 𝑥410

= +
√3𝑥 1.1 1.25

= 401.368 x 103 N> 207 KN.

35
 0.9𝐴𝑣𝑛𝑓 𝐴𝑡𝑔𝑓𝑦
𝑢
=
√3 𝛾𝑚𝑙
+ .
𝛾𝑚𝑜

0.9 𝑥1310 𝑥410 400 𝑥250

= + .
√3 𝑥 1.25 1.1

= 439.75 x 103> 174.989 KN.

Hence, strength of angle is 980KN > 174.989 KN .Hence O.K.

36
 Design of waist slab in gallery
Data’s,

Rise =30cm =300mm.

Thread = 450mm

Effective span = (nT) + width of landing

230
Leff = (9x 450) + 1000 +
2

Leff = 5165mm = 5.165m

5165
Thickness of the slab = =200mm.
25

D= 200mm.

Therefore, effective cover d’ = 25mm

Hence, d= 200 -25= 175mm.

d = 175mm.

Load calculation:

D.L on slab on slope= 1x Dx 25

Ws = 1 x 0.2 x25

= 5KN /m

√𝑅 2 +𝑇 2
D.L of slab on horizontal span = ws x
𝑇

√0.32 +0.452
=5x
0.45

Wd=6KN /m

37
 1
D.L on one step = x R x T x 19
2

= 1.28256KN /m

1.2825
Load on one step /m length = 𝑥1
0.45

= 2.85KN /m.

Assume,

Finishing load = 0.6KN /m

L.L = 5KN /m

Therefore, total load = 6 +2.85+0.6+ 5

= 14.45KN /m

Factored load = 21.675m

𝑤𝑢𝑙2
B.M =
8

21.675 𝑥5.1652
=
8

= 72.27KNm

Check:

Mu
Effective depth = √
0.138 xfckxb

72.27 x106
d =√
0.138 x20 x1000

d = 161.8mm < 175mm.

Provided depth is 175mm.hence it’s safe.

38
Area of steel reinforcement:

𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑓𝑦
Mu= 0.87 fy x Ast xd [1- ]
𝑓𝑐𝑘𝑏𝑑

72.27 x 106=63.185 x 103Ast - 7.49 Ast2

Ast=1364.45mm2 .

Provide 20 mm ϕ of 5 bars.

Astprovided = 1570.75mm2.
π
x 202
4
Now, spacing = 1000 x [ ]
1570.5

=200mm c/c distance spacing.

DISTRIBUTION REINFORCEMENT:

0.12⁒𝑥 𝑏 𝑥 𝐷
0.12
= x1000 x 175
100

Ast =210mm2 .

Provide 12 mm ϕ bars of 300mm c/c spacing.

Check for shear stress:

wu l
Vu =
2

= 55.97 KN
Vu
τv =
bd

55.97×103
=
1000×175

τv = 0.32 𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2

39
 100𝐴𝑠𝑡
P =
𝑏𝑑

p = 0.89%

τc = 0.59𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2

τc (max) = 2.8𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2

τv< τc ,hence safe.

DETALING DIAGRAM OF GALLERY WAIST SLAB

40
 DESIGN OF FOOTING-I

Data’s,

Column load +truss load= (0.42 x10x 25x1.5) +174.989

Factored load= 234.989kN

SBC= 150KN/m2

Footing area= 234.989/150 =1.56mm2

2
Side of square footing = √1.56 = 1.25

Adopt a square footing of size= 1.5 x1.5m.

234.989
Soil pressure at the base =
1.5 x 1.5

=104.43Kn/m2 < 150KN/m2 .

Hence the footing area is adequate.

Bending moment

1
Cantilever projection from the face of column = (1.5-0.4)
2

= 0.55m

0.55
M = [234.989 X 0.55 X ]
2

= 35.542KNm.

Depth required

Mu = 0.138fck bd2

2 35.542 𝑥 10 ^6
d= √
0.138x 20 x1000

d= 120mm.

41
 D= 120+50 = 170mm.

The overall thickness 170mm is sufficient for balanced section.

1.5 times increasing in footing for safe against in shear.

Final depth (D) =1.5 X 170 mm= 260mm

d = 210mm.

Area of reinforcement:

415Ast
Mu = 0.87 x fy x Ast xd [1- ]
fck.b.d

35.542 x106 =104.7Ast -7.49Ast2

Ast =492.75mm2

Ast= 0.12⁒ of cross sectional area

0.12
= x1000x210
100

=312mm2<492.75mm2

Spacing =300mm c/c in both ways.

1000ast
Ast provided =
Ast

1000 x 200.96
=
492.75

=669.86mm2

Check for one-way shear.

100 Ast
⁒ of Ast provided =
𝑏𝑑

100x669.86
= = 0.32⁒
1000x 210

42
 τV =0.39N/mm2

Oneway shear is critical at section‘d’ from face of column.

The shear resisted by concrete (Vc ) = τc bd

= 0.38 x1000x 210

Vc = 82.656KN

Vu = 1.5 x p x shaded area per m width.

= 1.5 x 104.43 x1x 0.34

= 53.25 < Vc

Hence the section is safe in one way shear.

Check for two way shear.

P= 104.43KN/m2

Vu2 =104.43x[1.52 – (0.4+0.21)2]

= 196.10KN

Vu2
τV =
B2 d

196.10 x 103
τV =
[4 X (400+210)] X 210

τ V =0.38N/mm2.

short side column

ßc = =1
long side column

ks =1

τc = 0.25√𝑓𝑐𝑘

= 0.25√20 =1.118 N/mm2

43
 ks.τc= 1x 1.118

=1.118N/mm2.

τv <ks.τc.

Hence it safe against punching shears.

44
 DESIGN OF (G+1) CONCRETE STRUCTURE
Design of two way slab

Size of slab = 2.2 x 3.2 m

L/B = 3.2/2.2 = 1.45 < 2

Hence, L/B < 2 it’s an two way slab

Assume,

L.L = 5KN /m

Fck = 20 N /mm.

Fy= 415 N /mm

Load factor = 1.5

Dimension of slab:

L/D = 35 X0.8 (IS 456)

2000/ (28) = D

D = 120mm

𝜙
d=D- - (nominal cover)
2

10
= 120 - - 25
2

dx =100mm

10 10
dy = 100 - - =90mm.
2 2

45
Effective span

C/c of supports =2.23m

Clear span + eff. Depth = 2 + 0.12= 2.1m

Take the least value, L= 2.1m= LX & Ly

Self-weight calculation:

s.w = B X DX 25

= 1X 0.12 X 25

= 3KN/m

Total load & B.M

W= S.W + L.L + F.F

= 3 + 5+ 1 =9KN/m

Wu = 1.5 x 9 =13.5kN/m

Therefore LX/Ly = 3.2/2.2 =1.45

The slab is continued on all side

Mux =𝛼𝑥 wu x lx2

Muy =𝛼𝑦 wu x ly2

𝛼𝑥 &𝛼𝑦 are long & shortspan moment co efficient.

Short span co efficient

a) (-ve) moment coefficients =0.065

b) (+ve) moment co efficient = 0.049

Long span co efficient

a) (-ve) moment coefficients =0.037

46
 b) (+ve) moment co efficient = 0.028

Mux (+ve) =0.065 x 13.5 x2.12= 3.869KNm

Mux (-ve) = 0.045 x 13.5 x2.12

= 2.679KNm.
Muy (-ve) =0.037 x 13.5 x2.12
= 2.2067kNm.

Muy (+ve) = 0.028 x 13.5 x2.12

=1.6698kNm.

Max.shear force:
wu l
Vu =
2
=14.175KN

Reinforcement:

Short span
Mulim = 0.138 fckbdx2
= 0.138 x 20 x1000x 1002
= 27.6KNm.>Mux, under reinforcement.

-ve design moments

Ast fy
Mu =0.87 fckAst dx [1- ]
fck b d

3.869 x 103 = 36.105 x 103Ast -7.49 Ast2

Ast =109.65 mm2
Sv =300mm (approx.)

47
+ve design moments

𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑓𝑦
Mu =0.87 fckAst dx [1- ]
𝑓𝑐𝑘𝑏𝑑

2.679 x 103= 36.105 x 103Ast -7.49 Ast2

Ast =75.37 mm2
Sv =300mm (approx.)

Longer span

Mulim = 0.138 fck bdy2

= 0.138 x 20 x1000x 902
=22.35kNm

-ve design moments

Ast fy
Mu =0.87 fckAst dx [1- ]
fck b d

2.2027 x 103 = 36.105 x 103Ast -7.49 Ast2

Ast=68.89 mm2
Sv =300mm (approx.)

+ve design moments

Ast fy
Mu =0.87 fckAst dx [1- ]
fck b d

1.6698 x 103 = 36.105 x 103Ast -7.49 Ast2

Ast =52.018mm2
Sv =300mm (approx)
Check for shear stress

Vu
τv =
bd

14.175×103
=
1000×100

48
 = 0.145𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2

100Ast
P =
bd

100×75.37
=
1000×100

= 0.75%

τc= 0.56𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2

Kτc =1.1 X 0.56

= 0.616 𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2

τc (max) = 2.8𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2

τV< K τc, hence the slab is safe from shear stress.

Check for Deflection:

l
(d)Max = 15×kt×kc

100×75.37
p =
1000×100

=0.75%

Kt=1.1&kc=1

l
(d)max = 15×kt×kc

= 15×1.1×1

= 22mm

l 2100
(d)prov =
100

= 21 mm

49
 l l
(d)prov<(d) max.it‘s safe.

SLAB DETALING.

50
 DESIGN OF BEAM-II

Effective Span = 6.7m

Live Load = 5KN/m

Breadth= 400mm

Depth (D) = 550mm

d’= 50 mm

d = 500mm

Mu=147.363KNm

fy = 415N/mm2

fck= 20N/mm2

Mulim= 0.138fckbd2

= 0.138×20×400×5002

= 276KNm

Mu2= Total Mu -Mulim

= 147.363-276

= 128.64 KNm

xumax= 0.48×500

= 240mm

xumax −d′
fsc= 0.0035×(
xumax
)

240−50
= 0.0035×(
240
) (2 × 105 )

51
 = 554.16

Mu2
Asc =( )
fsc(d−d′ )

128.64×106
=
554.16(500−50)

= 515.85mm2

Assume Diameter =16 mm

515.85
No of bars = 𝜋
4
×162

= 2.5

≈ 3 Bars
π
Area of 3 bars = 3× × 162
4

= 603.185mm2

Total Ast = Ast1 +Ast2

0.36×fck ×xu ×b
Ast1=
0.87𝑓𝑦

0.36×20×240×400
=
0.87×415

= 1914.41mm2

Asc ×fsc
Ast2=
0.87fy

603.185×554.16
=
0.87×415

= 925.8mm2

Total Ast= 1914.41+925.8= 2840.24mm2

52
Assume diameter =25mm

2840.42
No of bars = 𝜋
4
×252

=5.7

≈6 Bars
𝜋
Area of 6 bars =6× × 252
4

=2945.24 mm2

Provide 3bars of 16mmØ Compressive reinforcement and provide 6 bars of 25

mm Ø at tensile reinforcement.

Check for Shear Stresses

Vu
τv =
bd

136.03×103
=
300×500

= 0.68𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2

100 Ast
P =
bd

100 × 2840.24
=
300× 500

= 1.47%

τc = 0.714𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2

τc (max) = 2.8𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2

Vus = Vu –τc bd

= 136.05×103 – (0.75 𝑋400 × 500)

= 27.953KN

53
 0.87fyAsv d
Sv =
Vus

∏
Asv = 2× ×82
4

= 100.54 mm2
0.87×415×100.54×250
Sv1=
27950

= 324mm

Sv2= 0.75d

= 0.75×500

= 375mm

Sv3 = 300mm

Assume the Least value

Sv= 300 mm

Provide 2 legged of 8mmØ at 160 mm spacing.

Check for Deflection:

l
(d)max = 15×kt×kc

100×2840.24
p = = 1.47%
400×500

100×515.85
p =
400×500

= 0.25%

Kt=0.9& kc=1.1

l
(d)max = 15×kt×kc

= 15×0.9×1.1
54
 = 14.85mm

l 6700
(d)prov =
500

= 13.4 mm

l 𝑙
(d)max>(𝑑)pro, hence, safe.

DETAILING DIAGRAM OF BEAM

55
 Column design –II

Data’s,

Lo = 3.5m

Leff = 3.5m

Factored axial load of the column = 1038.604KN.

Size of column is taken as 0.23x400 mm.

Materials: M20 grade of concrete & Fe415 steel.

fck=20N/mm2

fy = 415 N/mm2

Slenderness ratio:

𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓
=
𝐷

3500
=
400

= 8.75<12

Hence, the column is designed as short column.

Min eccentricity (emin):

𝐿 𝐷
emin =[ + ]
500 30

3500 400
=[ + ]
500 30

=20 .33< 30 (hence, it’s satisfied)

0.05XD = 0.05 X400 = 20

56
MAIN REINFORCEMENT:

Pu = [0.4 x fck x Ag + (0.6fy -0.4fck) Asc]

1038.604= [0.4 x 20x (230 X400) + (0.6x 415 -0.4x 20) Asc]

Asc = 1255.62 mm2.

Percentage of steel,
1255.62
P= x100
230 𝑋 400

=1.3⁒

This is more than 0.8⁒ and less than 6⁒

Hence, area of main reinforcement is satisfactory

1255.6
Provide 20mm ϕbars, n = 𝜋 =4 no. Of bars
𝑥202
4

Provide 4 bars of 20 mm diameter

𝜋
Therefore, Asc = 4 x 𝑥202
4

=1256.63mm2

Spacing = [230-40-40-20/2]

= 150 mm c/c.

Lateral steel (distribution bars):

20
Diameter of link≤ =5 mm
4

Adopt 8mm ϕ bars with spacing at least

a) Dimension of column = 230 X400 mm

b) 16 times the diameter of longitudinal steel = 16 x 20 = 320mm
c) 300mm

57
Adopt 8 mmϕ bars of 230 mm spacing (as per IS 456:2000).

DETAIL VIEW OF COLUMN-II

58
 DESIGN OF FOOTING –II
DATA’S

Pu = 1038.604KN.

B= 230mm

d = 400mm

fck = 20N/mm2

fy = 415N/mm2

qs =150KN/m2

qu= 1.5 x 150 KN/m2

size of footing

load on column = 1038.604KN.

Assume self weight is ignored

Total factored load wu = 1038.604KN.

1038.604
Footing area = = 4.61m2 .
1.5 x 150

2.3x X 4x = 4.61m2

Hence short side of footing =2m

Long side of footing =3m

1038.604
qu = = 173.1 > 225KN/m2.
2x3

Factored bending moment

173.1 x 1.32
Moment along short direction = = 146.26kNm.
2

59
 173.1 x 0.852
Moment along long direction = = 63.27kNm.
2

Depth of footing

a) From moment consideration

2 146.26 𝑥 10 ^6
d= √ = 230.2mm
0.138x 20 x1000

b) From shear consideration

3000 400
Vul = 173.1 [ − − d]
2 2

=173.1[1300-d]

Assuming shear strength τc =0.36N/mm2 for M20 grade of

concrete with nominal percentage of steel, P = 0.25⁒

360d=173.1 [1300 – d]

d = 450mm

D = 500mm.

Reinforcement

a) Longer direction:
𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑓𝑦
Mu= 0.87 fy x Ast x d [ 1- ]
𝑓𝑐𝑘𝑏𝑑

146.26 x 106 = 162472.5Ast -7.49Asr2

Ast = 941.037mm2.

60
 Provide 3 nos. 20mm Dia bars at 300mm c/c distance

Astprovided = 942.45mm2.

b) shorter direction:
𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑓𝑦
Mu= 0.87 fy x Ast x d [ 1- ]
𝑓𝑐𝑘𝑏𝑑

63.27 x 106 = 162472.5Ast -7.49Asr2

Ast = 396.67mm2.

Provide 4 nos. 20mm Dia bars at 250mm c/c distance

Astprovided = 452.36 mm2.

Central band

Width of footing = 2m

𝛽 = 1.5
2
Reinforcement in central band = [ ] x 452.36 x 2
1.5+1

= 723.33mm2

Hence, provide 4 nos of 16mm Dia at 250mm C/C distance.

Ast provided = 803.84mm2.

CHECK FOR SHEAR STRESS,

Ultimate shear force per meter width in longer direction =210KN.

Vu
τv =
bd

210×103
=
1000X500

= 0.32 𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2

61
 100Ast
P =
bd

100 X 942.45
=
1000×450

= 0.21%

τc= 0.33𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2

Kτc = 1 X 0.56

= 0.33𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2

τc (max) = 2.8𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2

τV< K τc, hence the slab is safe from shear stress.

DETAILED VIEW OF RECTANGULAR FOOTING-II

62
 CHAPTER-7
CONCLUSION
We conclude that we thoroughly analyze the requirement of the indoor stadium
and fulfill that requirement. The plan of the indoor stadium is made as per
national building code provisions. In this project we have analyzed the
structures as per STAAD.PRO and we have designed the beam, column, roof
truss as per limit state method of design.

Finally we concluded that we get better practical and theory

knowledge in the planning, analysis and design of an indoor stadium. We also
suggest that the sheeting can be replaced by panel board which is in practice in
most developed and developing countries and there must be efforts taken for the
reduction of overall cost of the building which is due to the usage of shell
instead of concrete member and structures.

63
 CHAPTER-8

REFERENCE

1) SP 16: 1980, Design aids for reinforcement concrete to IS: 456-1987,

Bureau of Indian standard, New Delhi.
2) IS: 875(part-I) -1987, Indian standard code of practice for design loads
(other than earthquake) for building and structure ,dead loads, bureau of
Indian standard, new Delhi.
3) IS: 875(part-I) -1987, Indian standard code of practice for design loads
(other than earthquake) for building and structure ,imposed loads, bureau
of Indian standard, new Delhi.
4) IS: 875(part-I) -1987, Indian standard code of practice for design loads
(other than earthquake) for building and structure, wind loads, bureau of
Indian standard, new Delhi.
5) IS 456-2000 Indian standard .plain and reinforced concrete-code of
practice bureau of Indian standard, 2000 newdelhi.
6) S.S.BHAVIKATTI,design of steel structures by limit state method as per
IS 800-2007
7) IS STEEL TABLES, GK publications.
8) Dr. P.PURUSHOTHAMARAJ, & N.SUBRAMANIYA for design of
reinforced concrete structures.

64