Mole Concept 1.

Chapter 1 Mole Concept

INTEXT EXERCISE: 1
1. Chemical formula is a representation of the number N
7. a) No. of atoms = 14 # 58A = 0.24 N A
of atoms present in a molecule.
N
46
2. Moles of Na = 23 = 2. b) No. of atoms = 2 # 28A = 0.07 N A
NA
1.4
3. Moles of N 2 = 28 = 20
1 c) No. of atoms = 108 = 0.009 N A
1 N
\ No. of molecules of N 2 = 20 N A d) No. of atoms = 3 # 18A = 0.166 N A

\ No. of atoms = 2 # b 20 N A l = 6.02 # 10 22

1
8. M.W. = 12 # 60 + 122 amu
54
4. n Al = 27 = 2 = 842 amu
\ No. of Al atoms = 2NA = 842 × 1.67 × 10-24g

\ No. of Mg atoms = 2NA 9. Let masses be 2x, 5x
\ n mg = 2 & m Mg = 48g 2x
\ No. of CO2 molecules = 44 # N A
m H SO
5. 0.25 = 98 5x
No. of N2O molecules = 44 # N A
2 4

m & H SO = 24.5g
2 4
\ Ratio = 2 : 5
VSTP (L)
6. n gas = 10. m H O = VH O # t = 36g
2 2

22.4 36
0.224 \ n H O = 18 = 2

\ n H = 22.4 = 0.01
2

\ No. of H2O molecules = 2 NA

2

1 H2O molecule has (2+8) protons

\ No. of protons = 20 NA
INTEXT EXERCISE: 2
1. Empirical formula wt. = 30
I O
M.W. 120
n ` = Emp. wt. = 30 = 4 4. 25.4 = 0.2 8 = 0.5
⇒ I2O5
127 16
\ Mol. formula = (CH2O)4 = C4H8O1 2 5
X
50 50
Y
5. V.D. = 50 ⇒ M.W. = 100
2. 50 = 5 5 0 = 2 .5 ⇒ X 2Y Let formula be MClx
10 20
5 =2 2 .5 = 1 \ x = 1 or 2 as MW = 100
2 .5 2 .5
35.5 # x
Also, MW # 100 = 71.
C H
\ x = 2
3.
92.3
9 2 .3 = 7 .7
7.7
7 .7 = 7 .7
⇒ CH
\ At wt. of M = 100 - 71 = 29.
12 1
7 .7 = 1 7.7 = 1
7 .7 7.7
1.2 Chemistry

t gas1 MWgas1 9. Let no. of ion atoms in one molecule of Haemoglobin

6. t gas2 = MW be x.
gas2

to3 48 56x
\ to 2 = 32 = 1.5 ` 89600 # 100 = 0.25
7. Vol. of gold + vol. of quartz = total volume \ x = 4.
x y x+y 10.
\ d + d = d
12% H2O → 50g silica 7g water 43g others
1 2

8. n N + n NO + n N O = 1
2 2 2 4
Wet Clay Dried Clay
Suppose x + y + z = 1 Mass of silica and other substances does not change

Total mass
` Mean M.W. = 1 & m tot = 55.4g on drying.
Now, N 2 O 4 " 2NO 2 z " 2z (50 + 43)
` wt. of wet clay # 100 = 88
Now total moles = x + (y + 2z) + O

\ wt. of wet clay = 105.6 g
Total mass remains constant 50
55.4 55.4
\ % of silica = 105.6 # 100 = 47.3%
` x + y + 2z = 39.6 & 39.6 = 1 + z

\ z = 0.4 ⇒ Ans = a
INTEXT EXERCISE: 3
56000 7. n NaCl = n AgNO = 0.01
1. nCaO =
56 = 1000
3

m ` NaCl = 0.01 # 58.5 = 0.585g

n
` CaCO needed = 1000 3

\ mCaCO needed = 105 g = 102 kg 3
8. Ag + HNO3 AgNO3
1.12 1 AgCl
2. n Na w = n CO = 22.4 = 20
2 3 2
NaCl
1
n AgCl = n AgNO = n Ag in coin
m
3
` Na CO = 20 # 106 = 5.3g
n
` Ag in coin = 0.1
2 3

3. 2H 2 + O 2 " 2H 2 O(,)
(g) (g)
m
` Ag in coin = 10.8 g
nH O
2 = nO & n H O = 2nO = 0.2
2
2 2 2
%
` purity = 50%
m ` H O = 3.6g & VH O(,) = 3.6 mL
2 2
9. CaCO3
9
CaO + CO 2
4. 2SO 2 + O 2 " 2SO3(g) (g) (g)
nCaO = n CaCO 3

VSO VSO Since 90% pure sample & mCaCO = 9 kg

` 2 = 2 & VSO = VSO = 5L
2 3
3 2 3

9000
5. nSO = nSO
3 2 n` CaO = nCaCO = 100 = 90 3

mSO 2
` 80 = 64 & mSO = 2.5g 3
3
m` CaO = 90 # 56g = 5.04 kg

6. AgNO3 + NaCl " AgCl . + NaNO3 10. 4Fe + 3O 2 " 2Fe 2 O3

n Fe n Fe O
1.7 4 = 2
2 3

n AgCl = n AgNO = 170 = 0.01 3

m 16
` AgCl = 1.435g N Fe O = 160 = 0.1 & n Fe = 0.2
2 3

m ` Fe = 11.2g
  Mole Concept 1.3

INTEXT EXERCISE: 4
n n
1. 1A = 5 and 2B = 4 ini tmoles = 1

1
4 4
n n
\ B is the LR ⇒ 3D = 2B ⇒ nD = 12 Now,O
` 2 is L.R.
n
Also, nC = 2B ⇒ nC = 4 n
` P O used = 1/8
4 6

n nQ n
` P O left = 1/8
2. 2P = 4 and 1 = 5 4 6

P
n
` is the LR & N R = 2P = 4
and n P O produced = 1/8 4 10

3. 2x + 3y " x 2 y3 m
` P O = 27.5g, m P O = 35.5g
4 6 4 10

Let, wt. of x = wt. of y = a 8. 4Fe + 3O 2 " 2Fe 2 O3

n
a
` x = 36 and n y = 24
a
n Fe taken = 0.01
0.56
n a ny
` 2x = 72 and 3 = 72

a
nO taken = 22.4 = 0.025
2

\ Neither is in excess and by conserving mass we Fe
` is the L.R.
have mass of x 2 y3 produced = a + a = 2a 1
n
` FeO = 2 n Fe = 0.005 3

4. Zn + Fe + 2S " ZnFeS 2
m
` Fe O = 0.005 # 160 = 0.8g
2 3

n Zn n Fe nS
1 = 2, 1 = 3, 2 = 2.5 9. TiCl 4 + 2Mg " 2MgCl 2 + Ti
\ Zn is the L.R.
n TiCl taken = 1088; n Mg = 4
4

n
` ZnFeS = 2 2
TiCl
` 4 is the LR

5. 3BaCl 2 + 2Na3 PO 4 " Ba3 (PO 4) 2 + 6NaCl n

` Ti that can form = 1. 88
n BaCl 0.5 n Na PO
3 = 3 and 2 = 0.12 3 4
mass
` Ti that can form = 90.24 g

\ Na3PO4 is L.R. %
32
` yield = 90.24 # 100 = 35.4%
n Na PO
n ` Ba (PO ) = [ 2 = 0.1
3 4
3 4

10. 2C + O2 " 2CO

6. n H = 4 and N O = 0.5
2 2
initial 1 0.75 -
nH NO
final - 0.25 1
2 = 2 and 1 = 0.5
2 2

\ O2 is the LR & n H used = 1 2
2CO + O2 " 2CO2
n
` H left = 3 & m H left = 6g
2 2

initial 1 0.25 -
7. P4 + 3O 2 " P4 O6
final 0.5 - 0.5

1
n P taken = 4 ; n O taken = 1
nCO = 0.5
4 2

3 1 nCO = 0.5
n
` O used = 4 & nO left = 4 2
2 2

1
n tot = 1
n
` P O produced = 4

4 6
Vtot = 22.4 L

Now, P4 O6 + 2O 2 " P4 O10
1.4 Chemistry

INTEXT EXERCISE: 5
1. mmol of H 2 SO 4 = 100 # 0.001 = 0.1 8. Al 2 (SO 4) 3 + BaCl 2 " 3BaSO 4 . + 2AlCl3
mmol
` of H + = 0.2 mmol of Al2(SO4)3 taken = 4
no.
` of H + ions = 0.2 # 10 -3 # N A
\ mmol. of Al3+ in solution = 8
= 1.2 # 10 20 Final volume = 40 mL.
2. n glucose = 0.5, V = 0.5 L
8
\ [Al3+] final = 40 = 0.2 M
0.5
M ` = 0.5 = 1 9. H 2 SO 4 + 2NaOH " Na 2 SO 4 + H 2 O
1000 X 1000 # 0.2
first H2SO4 shall neutralize the NaOH and only
3. m = (1 - X) 18 = 0.8 # 18 = 13.8
excess acid remains in solution
4. mass of solution = 1500 × 1.052 = 1578 g
mmol of NaOH = 5
\ mass of solvent = 1578 - 18 = 1560
Let, Vol. of H2SO4 add = V mL
(18/60)
\ molality = 1.56 = 0.192 (0.1
`
5
V - 2 ) = 0.05 (V + 50)
5. 0.2 mole H2SO4 = 19.6 g
\ 0.05 V = 5 ⇒ V = 100 mL
\ 19.6 g solute in 1000g solvent 10. CuCl2 + H2S → CuS + 2 HCl
\ mass of solution = 1019.6 g

\ nCus = nCuCl 2

250 x 0.6 + 750 x 0.2

6. Mmix = 1000 = 0.3 M
\ mCuS = 0.1 x (MW)CuS
\ 0.3 × 1000 = 0.25 (1000 + V) = 0.1 x 95.5
\ 200 mL = 9.55 g
2.65/106
7. initial M = 0.25 = 0.1
initial V = 10 mL
Final V = 1000 mL
0.1 # 10
\ final M = 1000 = 10 -3 M

1. Traditionally it was H1 and then O16. But modern Since, 1 molecule contains 4 atoms Therefore
atomic weight scale is based on C12. 1
4 mole molecules contain 1 mole atoms
1
2. As, it is defined on carbon scale and 12 of mass 5. NA molecules of water weighs 18 g
of C-12 isotope gives absolute value of relative 18
masses. 1 molecule weigh = g
6.023 # 1023
3. 1 mole means 6.023 x 1023 molecules of CH4 Roughly = 3 # 10 -23 g or 3 # 10 -26 kg
1 mole molecule contains 1 mole C and 4 moles H given mass 4.2 0.6
6. No. of moles = atomic mass = 14 = 2
i.e. 1 g-atoms of C and 4 g-atoms of H.
No. of moles = 0.3 moles
4. 1 NH3 molecule contains 1N atom 3H atoms
1 nitride ion contains 8 valance electrons
4.25 given mass
moles of NH3 = 17 = molecular mass 0.3 mole ions contain = 8 × 0.3 × NA
1 = 2.4 NA
= 4 moles
  Mole Concept 1.5

given mass volume at STF

7. No. of moles = molecular mass No of moles = 22.4 (g)
2.24
given no of moleculer = 22.4 = 0.1 moles
= Avogadro's No So, Given mass = no of moles x m.m.
Let given mass = X gm
= 23 x 0.1 = 2.3 g
X 10
250 = 6 # 10 15. By applying law, equal no of molecules have equal
X c 4.159 g no of volume at constant pressure and temperature.
7 Thus, As, volume is 1 L in both the case. Thus, no of
8. Mass of II = N g
A molecules in P and q are some
3d
Then, I = N g 16. 22.4 L at STP weight as much as M.W.
A
Then, III = 32 # 10 -10 g 5.6 L at STP weigh 7.5 g
Then III = 53.5 # 10 -10 g 1
So, correct order is II < I < III < IV 4 M.W= 7.5 Thus, M.W. = 30
9. 1 CH4 molecule contains 6 e- from C and 1 e- from 17. 1 mole contains Na atoms i.e. 6.023 x 1023 C atoms
H = Total 10e- 18. a) 22.4 x 103 mL CO2 gas & 22.4 means
1
No of moles of CH4 = 16 moles 1 mole CO2 gas molecule

1 10 = 6.023 x 1023 molecules
16 moles CH 4 $ 16 # N A 22 1
b) 22 g of CO2 gas = 44 = 2 mole.
5
= # 6 # 10 23 = 3.75 # 10 23
i.e. 3.011 x 1023 molecules
10. 18 gm = NA molecules
c) 11.2 L of CO2 gas = 3.011 x 1023 molecules
18
1 molecule = N g d) 0.1 mole CO2 = 0.1 NA = 6 x 1022 molecules
A
18
or 1 molecule = N cm3 21. Here, 1 element of fined mass is combining with two
A
18 different elements to form two different compounds.
So, molecules = 3 # 10 -23 cm3
6 # 10 23 This it follows law of multiple propotion.
1
11. No. of moles = 22400 22. H2S contains 5.88% hydrogen, H2O contains 11.11%
1
= Thus, no. of molecules = 22400 # N A hydrogen while SO2 contains 50% sulphur. These
figures illustrates law of reciprocal propotion as,
1
= 22400 # 6 # 10 23 three elements are given
= 2.7 × 1019 23. Irrespective of source the compound has fixed
12. Weight of a molecule of a compound C60H122 is propotion of atom by mass. he law of constant
Molecular W.t./ Avogardro’s No propotion.
842 24. They must have equal volume
g = weight of one molecule
6 # 10 23 25. Under same conditions of temperature and pressure
= 1.4 x 10-21 g they have someone of molecules
But atoms may be different in all cases
13. 1 molecule contains = 6 O atoms,
0.3 mole molecules contains = 6 × 0.3 O atoms H2 = 2 He = 1 O2 = 2 O3 = 3
= 1.8 moles O atoms So, ratio 2:1:2:3
14. If they are in equi molecular propotion means their 26. Avagadro’s constant, m = mass of 1 molecule, v =
moles are some. no of molecules
Now, 1 mole of mixture contains N
Now, N = no of moles
A
10 # 0.5 + 30 # 0.5 N = NA x n
1 = 23 g
1.6 Chemistry

27. 3g of hydrocarbon on combustion in 11.2 g of

33. 194 # b 100 l = n # 14
28.9
oxygen to produce 8.8 g of CO2 and 5.4 g of H2O.
This data illustrates- n=4
Here, mass of reactant 3 + 11.2 = 14.2 g 34. M.W = 170
mass of products = 8.8 + 5.4 = 14.2 g Given mass
No of moles = M.W
mass of reactant = mass of product 100 10
= 170 = 17 milimoles
Law of conservation no of mass Now, 1 ferrous furmrate contains 1 Fe atom
28. The hydrated salt Na2SO4.10H2O undergoes x % 10
So, no of moles of Fe atom2 17 milimoles
loss in weight on heating and becomes anhydrous. 10 560
The value of X will be- Now, Mass of Fe = 17 # 56 = 17
560
(46 + 32 + 64 + 180) 100
Y 1 age composition = 17 # 100
140
= 46 + 32 + 64 = 17 = 8.19 % = 8%
Y
(322) x 100 = 142 35. V.D. = 11.2
Y M.W = 11.2 x 2 = 22.4 g/mol
100 = 4 Y = 44 %
Given Mass Volume of gas (STP)
So, loss in weight Now, M.W. = 22.4
X = 100 - 44 = 56 % 11.2 volume
= 22.4 = 22.4 = Volume = 11.2 L
29. Vapour density = 50 36. Let mass of (M.W.) compound is M
Now, Vapour density x 2 = MW. Now, as per give nsituation
MW = 100
8
100 # M = 32 # n
Now, if total mass 100. Then chlorine = 71 g M = 400 # n
These rest mass of metal = 100 - 71 = 29 Now, for least M.W., n should be = 1

30. Given ; x = E by equating moles

y M = 400
40 NA
37. The emperical formula of a compound is CH2O
2x x y
Now, 80 = 40 = N 0835 moles of compound contains 1 g of hydrogen
A
M.W of compound (molecular formula)
Thus, it also contains y atoms
Now, 1 g of hydrogen means 1 mole atom
31. If molecular wt is 200
1 mole atom $ 0.0835 mole
Then, wt of Ca= 40 g b 20 # 100 l
200
2 mole atom $ 0.1670 mole
wt of Br = 160 g

Now, As we know, 1 mole contains = 2 mole
b80 # 200 l = 160g H-atoms (in as emperical formula)
100
40
Thus, atomic mass (Ca) =
160
atomic mass (Br) Now, Total moles of H-formed
0.166 × 6 & 2 × 6
40 160
40 : 80 = 1 : 2. So, CaBr2 1 mole & 12 moles
M.W. of gas
32. Now, VD wrt (CH4) = M.W. of CH Now, x-factor
4
12
M.W. of gas 2 =6
4= 16 = 64 (CH2O)6
64
V.D = M.W. of H = 2 = 32
64 C
= 6 H12 O6
2
  Mole Concept 1.7

38. Molecular Formula can only be a whole number 42. Mass of Al = 27

multiple of the empirical formula. Given mass

moles of Al = Atomic mass
39. Let total given mass = 100 g
27
Then, carbon = 49.3
= 27 = 1 mole
Hydrogen = 6.84
Now, By applying stoichometry
Now, C H
n1 n2
49.3 6.84 a1 = a2
12 1
1 n2
4.11 6.84 2 = 3
3
Now, oxygen left
n 2 = 2 moles
= 100 - (49.3 + 6.84)= 43.86 %
Now,
volume at STP
= moles
22.4
43.86
16 = 0
3
Volume at STP = 22.4 × 2
0 = 2.74
= 33.6 l
C H O 43. S + O 2 $ SO 2
4.11 6.84 2.75 1 mole of 5 reacts with 1 mole of O2
2.75 2.75 2.75
1.5 2.5 1 Thus, 5 moles react with 5 moles of SO2
Given mass
3 5 2 Now, 32 + 32 = 5
C3 H5 O2 = emperical formula. Given mass = 64 × 5
Empharical weight = 36 + 32 + 5 = 73 = 320 g
Now, weight (MW) = 73 × 2 = 146 44. 1 mole of Na2CO3
143 combines with CO2
y factor = 73 = 2
(1 mole)
(C3 H5 O2) × 2
Thus, CO2 (1 mole)

C6 H10 O4 requires 1 mole of
0.33 1 CaCO3
40. 100 # 100 # 67200
56 = #n Thus, no of moles of Na2Ca3= of CO2
672 # 0.33 = of CaCO3

n= 56 21200 GM
= 46 + 60 = 100
n = 4
21200 GM
3
41. 2Al + 2 C 2 $ Al 2 O3 = 106 = 100
3 GM = 20 kg
2 moles of Al reacts with 2 moles of O2
45. First find moles of Mg (OH)2
But, Now by applying stoichometry
100
n1 n2 No of moles = 24 + 34
a1 = a2
n1 2 # 3 100
= 58
2 = 3
2 100 # 58 x
n1 = 3 # 3 Now, 3 = 2
2 2 100 # 2
Then, mass of Al reacts = 3 # 3 # A.w = 3 # 27 x = 58 # 3
= 18 g × 3 = 54 g
1.8 Chemistry

100 ` Zn is the limitng reagent.

x = 87 moles n Zn(FeS )
n
` 1Zn = 1
2

Now, mass of H3PO4

100 So, moles of Zn (FeS2) formed = 2
= 84 # (3 + 31 + 64)
52. Let 509 kgm of M is required
100 Now, By applying POAC from M to M3 × 8
= 87 # 98
x
= 112.6 g 56 # 1 # N A = n # 3 # N A
x
46. M.W = 108 # 2 + 60 = 276 56 = 3n ...(i)
Now,
Now, no of moles
2.76 1 mole M3 X8 gives 8 mole NX
276 = 0.01 moles Thus, n moles gives = 8 n moles
0.01 n
Now, 2 = 42 206
8 x (3 × n)= 103
n2 = 0.02 x
But, 3 × n = 56 from Eq. (i) above
2
Now, Ag left 108 # 100 x
n = 56 # 3
= 2.16 g x 1
56 # 3 # 8 = 2
47. 1 mole of C2H5O4 gives 2 mole of CO2. Thus
x = 42 g
2
2 × 44 = 132 g × 3 = 88 g 53. 3 moles A reacts with
48. Now, By using stochiometry 2 moles B to form 1 mole A3B2
n1 18/18 1
Thus, here A is limiting 2 mole A3B2 reacts with 1
2 = 3 1
2 mole C to form 2 mole A3B2C2

n1 = 3
ASG is limitng here,
Given mass
Molecular mass = no of moles Thus, option (a) is wrong

2
= 3 # 56 54. (d)

I 2 + Cl 2 $ 2ICl

= 37.3 g

I 2 + 3Cl 2 $ 2ICl3
49. 1 mole of methanol means 1 mole of carbon dioxide 2.54
2 mole will give two moles
moles = 197 = 0.2
Thus, Two moles of CO2 = 14.2
35.5 = 0.4
GM
2 = MW
Now, 0.1 mole of I 2 reacts with 0.1 mole Cl 2 to
yield = 0.2 mole ICl and 0.1 mole I2 reacts with 0.3
GM = 88 g
mole Cl2 to gives 0.2 moles ICl3.
moles of H2O = 4

Thus moles formed 0.2, 0.2
GM
4 = MW2 55. KI + I 2 + 16HNO3 $
2
GM2 = 72 g KIO3 + 2HIO3 + 16NO 2 + 7H 2 O
7 I2 is the limiting reagent
50. 2 mole of CrO5 reacts with 2 mole of O2
From the above equation, 2 moles I2 will gives 32
7 moles NO2.
1 mole of CrO5 reacts with 4 moles of O2
= 1.75 moles Thus, Volume at
STP = 22.4 × 32
51. Zn + Fe + 2S $ Zn (FeS 2)
= 716.8 L
moles taken 2 3 5
  Mole Concept 1.9

56. 2AgNO3 + Na 2 CrO 4 $ Ag 2 CrO 4 + 2NaNO3 no of moles of isolute

61. Now molarity = Volume of isolution

Now, here 2 moles AgNO3 forms 1 mole Ag2CrO4
while reacting with 1 mole Na2CrO4. 1/98
= 1 = 0.0102 M

Thus, 0.6 moles forms 0.3 while reacting with 0.3 62. Now, here M1V1 × 5 = M2V2
moles of Na2 CrO4
0.01 × V × 5 = 0.01 × 50
Thus, Ans = 0.3 moles.
57. Now, 2 moles reacts with 1 mole to given 2 mole V = 10 mL
H2O. 63. Let mass of solvent = 1 kg
By Gay Lussac’s Law of combining volumes. So, no. of moles = 3
2 L H2 reacts with 1 L O2 given mass of NaOH

\ 12 L H2 reacts with 6L O2 = 40 × 3 = 120 g

\ Volume of O2 unreacted = 8 - 6 = 2 L Mass of solution - 1120 g
58. 1 mole H2 reacts with 1 mole Cl2 to give 2 mole HCl Volume of solution

Similarly, 10 ml H2 + 10 ml Cl2 gives 20 ml HCl 1120
= 1.11 mL

Thus, Volume of Cl2 Left = 12.5 - 10 = 2.5 mL = 1009 mL

Ans = 20 ml HCl, 2.5 ml Cl2 in final mixture. Now, molarity
59. Now, CO 2 + C $ 2CO
3
= 1009 # 1000 = 2.97 M
44 g 6 g

Now, 22 g CO2 reacts with 6 g to give 28 g CO 64. Moles of NaCl = 1
1000
Now, 1 mole Ni reacts with 4 mole CO. Thus, 1
Moles of water = 18 = 55.55
1
mole CO reacts with 4 mole Ni n
Mole fraction, XNaCl = n NaCl
NaCl + n H O
2
1 Given mass
4 = molecular mass 1 1
= 55.55 + 1 = 56.55 = 0.017
1
Given mass = 4 # M.M 65. Let mass of solution = 100 gm
= 14.75 g

Then mass of H2SO4 = 98 g
M V +M V
60. Using 1 V1 + V 2 2
moles of H2SO4 = 1
1 2

0.25 # 10 + 1 # 20 100
= 30 = 0.75 m
volume =
mass of solution
= 1.84 = 54.34 ml
density
I) is true.
1 # 100 + 0.25 # 50 no of moles
II) = 0.75 M
Now, Molarity = volume (L)
150
Second is also true
1
100 25
= 54.34 # 1000 = 18.4 M
40 # 100 + 100 # 20
III) 60 66. Let volume = 100 ml
45 3 Thus, weight of solute = 2.8
= 60 = 4 = 0.75 M
2.8 1
(III) is also correct Moles of solute = 12.39 = 20
1 # 50 + 25 # 0.25 no of moles of solute
(IV) 75 = 0.75 M Now, molarity = volume of solutiion (L)
(IV) is correct
1/20 #
100 1000 = 0.5 M
So, Ans I, II, III, IV
1.10 Chemistry

M1 V1 + M 2 V2 1 # 500 + 1 # 500 70. H 2 SO 4 + BaCl 2 " BaSO 4 + 2HCl

67. & V1 + V2 = 500 + 500
= 1000 mM = 1 M
1 mole H2SO4 + 1 mole BaCl2 $ 1 mole BaSO4

H2SO4 = n = M1V1
68. Ba(OH) 2 $ Ba 2+ + 2OH -
2.5 moles
NaOH $ Na + + OH -
= 1000
2 # V # 0.4 + 0.3 # 50
V + 50 = 0.5
10
BaCl2 = n = 1000
0.8 V + 15 = 0.5 V + 25

So, H2SO4 is a limiting reagent.
0.3 V = 10

Thus, moles formed = 0.0025

` V = 33.33 mL
69. M1V! = M2V2

& 0.6 x V = 0.4 x 30
V = 20 ml ar
20 cm3

1. Number of atom in 52 amu no of protons = 4.2 NA

1 atom = 4 amu = 4.2 x 6.02 × 1023 = 2.52 x 1024
1 5. Aomic weight=a
1 amu = 4 atoms
1
52 amu = 4 # 52 = 13 amu molecular weigth = 3a
(Triatomic)
2. 0.5 moles of K 4 [Fe(N) 6] given mass
Now, no of moles = molecular mass
1 molecule contains = 6 carbon atoms
Given mass = wg
1 mole molcule contains = 6 mole atom of carrbon
w
0.5 mole molecule contains = 6 × 0.5 = 3 mole & 3a = no of moles

atoms of carbon mass = 3 × 12 = 36 g 6. mg3 (PO4)2

3. 180 gm of water 8 atoms of O = 1 molecule

1
1 molecule contains = 10 electrons 0.25 moles O atom = 8 # 0.25
given mass = 3.125 × 10-2 moles
Now, no of moles = molecular mass
180 7. (a) 16 g CH4
= 18 = 10 moles
16 g
10 mole molecules 16 = 1 mole molecular
= 10 × 10 = 100 mole electrons. = 4 mole atoms of H
(b) 31.2 g of C6H6
4. The total no of electrons or protons mg CO3 & m
olecular moss 24 + 12 + 48 = 84 g/mol 31.2
78 = 0.4 mole molecules
GM = 0.4 × 6 = 2.4 moles atoms of H
moles = MW = 0.1 mole
1 mg 103 contains = 42 protons (c) 34.2 g of Cl2H22O11
0.1 mole contains = 42 × 0.1 = 42 mg 34.2
342 = 0.1 mole molecules

& 4.2 moles
= 0.1 × 22 = 2.2 moles atom of H
  Mole Concept 1.11

(d) 36 g of C6H12O6 13. 20X, 21X, 22X

36
180 = 0.2 moles molecules Average atomic mass = 20/11
20 # 90 + 21 # x + 22/10 -
0.2 × 12 = 2.4 mole atoms of H 100 = 20.11
8. = 0.05 × NA = 3 × 1022 atoms
211 = 21 x + 22 O - 22 x
Now, This is very large. 14. 18O in meteorites is greater than 18O on earth
Thus, others are ignored
Thus, Average atomic mass of oxygen in meteorites
Thus, Atoms (total) = 3x 1022 aproximately must be greater than terrestrial oxygen atoms
9. A + W + of A = 75 15. Let total mass = 100 g
A + W + of B = 32 mass of X = 20 g

2A + 3B $ X mass of Y = 80 g

X = A2B3
20 80
10 : 20 2 : 4 1 : 2 (X Y2)
Weight of 1 mole = molecules weight
16. The percentage yield of arean’ n can be described as
2& # 75 + 3 # 32 = 246 amount of product orbital
the Total maximum possible product × 100
Weight of 5 mole = 246 × 5 = 1230 = 1.23 Kg
10. 9.2 g of NO2
& (d)
9.2
means, no of moles = 46 = 0.2 mole 17. The sp heat is 0.16 Ca 11g
No of moles of oxygen atom By dulong - petit 2a
= 0.2 × 2 = 0.4 atom of oxygen 6.4
= sp Heat = Atomic wt
No of moles of O atoms = 0.4 moles
6.4
0.4 moles O atoms has 0.4 No molecule
= 0.16 = 40 g
Mass of NO = 0.4 × 30 = 12 gms. 18. Now, C 2 H 4 + 3O 2 $ 2CO 2 + 2H 2 O
11. 28 % N 72 % M
Now, 1 mole of C2H4 combines with 3 mole of O2 to
Now, Le + the atomic weight = m form 2 moles each of CO2 and H2O
28 % N(14) 72% m(m)
So, Ans. = (b)
Now, Le + Total mass = 100 gm 19. 2Z + 5O2 $ Z2 O5
28 72
2 moles of Z

14 = 2 m

Now, Given they are in 2 : 3 ratio 5

combines with 2 moles of O2 means
2 2 72
72 = 3 m = 3, m = 24
5
1 Z $ 4 O2
m
12. Nitrogen in organic compound = 0.014 % b 0.346 l # 5 = 0.552 - 0.346
m 4 32
14 1
= 1000 # 100
m = 67.4 g/mol
Now, 1 molecule contain = 2 nitrogen
4
5 # x = 14 # 2 x = 2 × 105
10
1.12 Chemistry

20. Zn5 + 3O 2 $ 2ZnO + 2SO 2 25. Now, under some condition, volume can be treated
as moles

2nO + C $ Zn + CO
1
CO + 2 O 2 $ CO 2

10 tons = 10,000 Hg
1

2Zns $ 2ZnO $ 2Zn 1 mole CO + 2 mole O 2 $ 1 mole CO 2
10000 2 mole CO + 1 mole O2 $ 1 mole CO 2

Now, 32 + 65.5 2nS
2 L CO2 is formed

yeild some moles of Zn
3
10000 26. 2Fe + 2 O 2 $ Fe 2 O3

moles of Zn = 97.5
3
10000 2 moles Fe reacts with 2 moles O2

mass of Zn = 97.5 # 65
No of moles of Fe = 0.1

= 6718 Kg. But yield is 75% 1
No. of moles of O2= 4 = 0.25
75

6718 # 100 = 5038 kg = 5 tons. So, Fe is L.R. here
21. C7 H8 + 3HNO3 $ C7 H5 (NO 2) 3 + 3H 2 O Thus, moles of Fe2O3 formed
0.1

1 mole C7H8 needed 3HNO3 = 2 = 0.05 moles
276 g 1
92 = 3 moles 27. NO + 2 O 2 $ NO 2

requires = 9 moles HNO3 20 ml 10 ml K

So, mass = 9 × 63 = 567 g. Now, 20 moles combines with 10 moles $
1 10 moles NO2 under STP
22. Now, 2Fe3 O 4 + 2 O 2 $ 3Fe 2 O3 20 10 x 20
22.4 $ 22.4 $ 22.4 which of 22.4
2 moles Fe3O4 gives 3 moles Fe2O3

x = 20 ml
3

1 mole Fe3O4 gives 2 moles of Fe2O3
28. C n H 2n + 2 + O 2 $ nCO 2 + H 2 O
Now, 2 b 64 + 168 l = 160
3 x 0.498

1 $ n moles

x = 0.4814 g
0.2 $ 0.2 # n
26.4

Now, % age yeild =
0.4814 #
100 = 96.3 % Now, No of moles = 44 = 0.4
0.5
12.6 0.2 × n = 0.4
23. 63 = 0.2 moles
n = 2
HNO3 + KOH $ KNO3 + H 2 O
29. NO 2 CO3 + CaCl 2 $ CaCO3 + 2NaCl

0.2 × 56 = 112 g 1

= 100 = 0.01 moles
24. C 4 H10 & Isobutane

means 0.01 moles NO2CO3 = 0.01 × 106

C 4 H10 & n-butane

= 1.06 gms
130

C 4 H10 + 2 $ 4CO H 2 O 92

Now, 1.06 = 100 # x
5000

no of moles = 5 D = 86.2 moles

As only pure compound will react
13
Now, moles of O2 needed = 86.2 # 2 92

100 # x = 1.06
= 560.34 moles

x = 1.1529
560.34 # 32
Mass of O2 needed = 1000 = 17.9 kg.
  Mole Concept 1.13

30. MgCO3 $ MgO + CO 2 (CaCnO3)2 contains

60g of 70 % pure MgCO3 1 Ca atom
20 2.35 5
60 # 100 = 42g 6 # 4
10
42 1
Now, 84 = 2 mole contains so MeCaCNO3
2.35 # 5
1 mole Mg CO3 gives 1 mole CO2 i.e., 4
106
1 1 1 2.35 # 5 #
2 mole 2 mole MgCO3 $ 2 mole CO 2 mass =
106 4 16
1 #
2 22.4 = 11.2 L at STP 481.75
= g
106
31. NaCO3 $ CO 2
481.75 # 3

NOHCO3 $ CO 2 in Mg = 10
106
x 4-x 481.75

106 # 1 # N A + 84 =
103
498
N
Y A = 22400 # 1 # XY
= 0.481.75 mg
X 4-X
106 + 84 = 0.02 34. First assume volume tobe 1L
84 X + 424 - 106 X = 178. Now, average Conc. 3.5 (3-4)
245 a2 = 22 [ means wrong]
3.5
Now, 23 = No of moles
But if = 0.15 moles
9

2NaHCO3 NO 2 O3 + H 2 O + CO 2
0.15
Thus, Molarity = 1 = 0.15 M
9
NO 2 CO 2 X
35. Ethanol + water = 0.1 mf of C2H5O4
b4-X l
Weight of ethanol 0.1 x 46 = 4.6 g
84
4 - X = 0.04
Weight of water = 0.9 x 18 = 16.2 g
4 - X = 3.36 weight of solution
X = 0.64 W/W= Weight of solution # 100

0.64 4.6
4 # 100 = 16% 20.8 # 100 = 22.11%
32. Let volume = 100 mL 1
36. H 2 O 2 $ H 2 O + 2 O 2
Wt = 10 g of Glucose
1.68
Now, 22.40 volume of O2 producte = 0.075 moles
M.W. of Glucose = 180 g/mol
Volume of H2O2 formed = 0.075 x 0.15 moles
10 g contains 100 mL
mass of H2O2 formed = 5.1g

1g $ 10 mL 5.1 1
% age composition = 5.5 = 5 = 20

180g $ 180 # 10 = 1800 mL = 1.8 L
37. Urea solution
33. 106 solution contains
A B
Ca = 2.35 2 m 4m
1 g solution contains =
2.35 1 kg 2 kg
106 No. of moles in A = 2 moles
So, g solution contains =
2.35 #
50 No. of moles in B = 4 x 2 = 8 moles
106 Total moles = 10
moles of Ca =
Mass = 3 kg
2.35 # 5 10

= 4 Molality = 3 = 3.33m
106
1.14 Chemistry

38. HCl + NaOH 3

1 mole N 2 $ 2 O 2

0.1 m 0.1 m 1
5 mole N 2 = 0.3 O 2

50 ml 50 ml
0.3 × 6 × 1023 molecules
0.1 HCl + 0.1 NaOH
0.1 # 50 + 0.1 # 50 Atoms = 0.6 × 6 × 1023 atoms
Gives, = 0.05M
100 = 3.6 × 1023
39. Let it will be in ratio X = 1
44. Mole fraction = 0.2
10.9
Now, No of moles of HNO3 =- 63 = 0.3 Let total moles = 1
No. of moles of NaOH moles of solute = 0.2
3.2
= 40 = 0.08 moles of solvent = 0.8
Now, M1V1 = M2V2 Aq. solution Thus, 0.08 × 18 = Total mass
0.3 x X = 0.08 x 1 = 14.44 g
X = 15
4 0.2
Now, Molality = 14.4 # 1000
X : 1 = 4 : 15 13.88m
=
40. 0.66 g of H3PO2 45. 100 ml H2SO4
0.66
66 = 0.01
m H SO 2 4 = 100 # 0.9 = 90
Now, n factor = 1 mass of 100 ml H2O = 100g
Thus, 0.01 = 0.1 x n Weight of solute
Now, % (w/W) = Weight of solution
x = 0.1 L 90
= 190 # 100
x = 0.1 x 1000 ml = 100 ml
= 47.36 %
41. Now, 1.5 x 1 = 1 x 2 x X
46. Z 2 O3 + 3H 2 $ 3H 2 O + 2Z
X = .75
Now, 1 mole Z2O3 requires = 3 mole H
X = 75 %
0.2
Slope of this curve M moles Z 2 O3

-1 b 0.2 l mole H 2
3
M
7.5%, -1
b l =
3
0.2 12
1000 # 2
42. H 2 SO 4 + 2H 2 O —→ 2H3 O + + SO 24- M
No of moles of H2SO4 = 0.1 × 0.1 = 10 milimoles M = 100
1 H2SO4 molecule gives 2 H3O+ ions and 1 SO42- M = Z2O3 = 100
ions 2 Z = 52, Z = 26
Thus 1 molecule gives 3 ions 47. H2 g
Total no. of ions = 30 milimoles = 0.18 × 1023
2% 6HCl $ 2YCl3 + 3H 2
3
43. N1 + 2 O 2 $ N 2 O3 Now, 1 moles of Y reacts with 6 moles of
HCl $ 2YCl3 and 3H3
7 gm of N2 means
7 1 So, molar ratio
28 = 4 moles 2
= 3 = 2: 3
But 80 % is convert
1 # 80 1
4 100 = 5 moles
  Mole Concept 1.15

48. Now, C2H5OH + H2O Cu CP2 + Cu Br2

10 ml 20 ml +
Mass of C2H5OH = 7.893 gm AgNO3
Mass of H2O = 19.942 gm 53.
Total mass = 27.835 2AgCP 2AgBr
Density of solution = 0.957 NaB
r 2AgBr
27.835
= 0.9571

Let x ng of CuCl2
Volume = 29.08 ml x

134.5 $ After complete reaction

Expected volume = 30 ml
Actual volume = 29.08 ml
AgCe moles
30 - 29.08 # 100
= AgBr moles
percentage change = 30
x M
0.92
143.5 = 188
= 30 # 100 = 3.1 %

M = 1.32 X
49. Initial Solution = NaOH + Na2SO4

Now, New AgBr + Old AgBr = AgBr

H2SO4 only nutrilise NaOH

Thus, equivalents of H2SO4 and NaOH and same
1.32 X + 0.9065 - X

10 × 004 × d = 10 milimoles
= 1.05 - 0.9065 = 0.32

10
Now, 1000 # 40 = Given mass
V = 0.3078125 (AgCl)

= 0.4 g
AgBr = 0.59868745
0.074
50. Here, N1 V1 = N 2 V2 = 2X 74 =
Now, CuCl 2 $ 2AgCl
4 = 2
CuBr2 $ 2AgBr
No of equivalent is are same
Mass of CuCl2
51. Mf C2H5OH = 0.25 1 # 0.31 #

Let total moles = 1 2 143.5 134.5
moles C2H5O4 = 0.25
= 0.145
Moles = H2O = 0.75
1 0.59
Mass of Cu Br2 = 2 # 188 # 223.5 = 0.35
0.25 × 46 = 1150 g

Now, 100 ml given
C2H5O4
Total mass = 25 g
Thus, 6 grm
46
% age mass = 100 = 46 %
in 100 ml, 0.6 gm

52. 2H 2 O 2 $ 2H 2 O + O 2
in 10 ml so 1 n
1 mole of O2 gas 24 dm3
% age purity
24 dm $ 13
0.35

= 0.6 # 100
1
3dm3 $ 8 moles
= 0.58 x 100
Now, Volume of H2O2 = 100 cm3

= 58 %
1/4
Now, Molarity 100 # 1000 = 2.5 M 0.145 #

Now, 0.6 100 = 24 %
1.16 Chemistry

54. Let molar mass = X gm Also,

n
X $ XH 4 n1 (X + 4) + 22 (2X + 6) = 56

X $ X 2 H6 n1X + n2 X + 4n1 + 3n2 = 5
By POAC 7 n1 = 0.628

5 X 0.628
m # 1 # NA = X + 4 # 1 # NA n1 = 7
5 X 5.628 - X 5#7
X = X+4 = X+3 Now, X = 2 # 0.628
But second = 27.86
X
X+4 = d 55. Now, mili equavalents of Barium
5.628 - X 1 or X + 2H 2 $ XH 4 = M eq of solt H 2 SO 4
X+3
4.290 # 2
2X + 3H 2 $ X 2 H6 M = 2 # 21.64
Let one in n1 moles # 0.477
second in n2 moles M = 415.6
Now, N1 moles of XH4 is formed Now, MW of on in

N2 = 121.3
2 moles of X2H6 is formed
Now, As acid is monobasic
n1 2
n2 # 2 = 1 So, M.W of Acid
n1=n2 = 121.3 + 1
Now, = 122.3
(n1 + n2) x = 5
2n1 x = 5

1. If mass of N2 taken = 14 g then mass of H2 = 3 g 2. Since P, T and V are same for both the flasks
14 therefore the number of moles must also be equal.

` moles of N 2 = 28 = 0.5 and moles of 0.8 1.4
3 n ` A = nB & M = M
H 2 = 2 = 1.5 A B
1.4

N 2 + 3H 2 $ 2NH3 M ` B = 0.8 M A & M B = 1.75M A

initial 0.5 1.5 0 3. Suppose moles of FeSO4=x and moles of Fe2(SO4)3=y

final 0.5-x 1.5-3x 2x n ` Fe = x and n Fe = 2y
2+ 3+

2x Sulphate from FeSO 4 = x moles and from

Fraction of NH3 = (0.5 - x) + (1.5 - 3x) + 2x
Fe 2 (SO 4) 3 = 3y from given information x = 3y.
2x x n x 3y 3

2+

= 2 - 2x = 1 - x ` n Fe3+
Fe
= 2y = 2y = 2

Given mole fraction of NH3 = 40 % 4. Let volumes of the two acids taken be V and xV
x

` 1 - x # 100 = 40 0.24
` =
0.36V + 0.15 # V
V + xV
100
` x = 40 - 40x. 36 + 15x
or, 24 = 14x
40 2

` x = 140 = 7
or, 24 + 24 = 36 + 15x
0.5 - 2/7 3
X
` N = 2 - 4/7 = 0 = 0.15
2
` 9x = 12 & x = 3
4
  Mole Concept 1.17

5. No. of atoms of Fe = 3 and that of C = 6 per molecule. 4.24

` 256 # V = 4 # 10 -7
` m Fe = 3 # 56 and mC = 6 # 12
m 3 # 56 7 V
` = 2.41 # 10 -5 L
` mFeC
= 6 # 12 = 3
11. X + 2H 2 $ XH 4
3
6. KClO3 $ KCl + 2 O 2
2X + 3H 2 $ X 2 H6
2.24
N O = 22.4 = 0.1
2
Let moles of XH 4 = a and X 2 H6 = b
2 1
` Total moles of X taken = a + 2 b
n ` KClO = 3 # 0.1 = 153

m
1
` KClO = 15 # 122.5 = 8.166g
Equating mass of X : (a + 2b) M = 5 ... (i)
3

8.166
Equating mass of compounds
% ` purity = 10 # 100 = 81.66%
11.5
(M + 4) a + (2M + 6) b = 5.628 ... (ii)
7. Moles of C6 h5 COOK to be produced = 160
a 2
11.5
Also given b = 1 ... (iii)

If yield was 100%, moles of toluene needed = 160

Solving, we get M = 28.

` When yield = 71%, moles of toluene needed
12. X CH COOH = 0.15 and msolution = 30 g
3
100 11.5

= 71 # 160 = 0.101
Suppose moles of acetic acid in solution = X

` mass of toluene needed = 0.101 # 92 .85 17

` moles of water = .15 X = 3 X

= 9.3g
8. C1 H6 O3 + C 4 H6 O3 $ C9 H8 O 4 + C 2 H 4 O 2 17

` Mass of solution “ = X # 60 + 3 X # 18 = 162 X
2 1

nC H O taken = 138 = 69
7 6 3

30 5
` 162 X = 30 & X = 162 = 27
4 2

nC H O takne = 102 = 51 5
Thus, n NaOH needed = 27
4 6 3

C
` 7 H6 O3 is the limiting Reagent.
5
n
1
` aspirin theoretical = 69 0.01V
` = 27 & V = 18.51 L .

1 13.
n ` aspirin = 69 # 180 = 2.6 g
2.1 K S Al O
% ` yield = 2.6 # 100 = 80.76%
15.1 24.8 10.5 49.6
9. 2 # I3 + 3Cl 2 $ 2 # Cl3 + 3I 2 39 32 27 16
n xI = n xCl
3 3
= 0.38 = 0.775x = 0.388 = 3.1
` If atomic weight of x = M, we get $ 38 $ 775 $ 388 3.1
0.5 0.236 $ 38 $ 38 $ 38 $ 38
M + 3 # 127 = M + 3 # 35.5 =1 =2 =1 =8
Solving, we get M = 140
` Anhydrous salt = KAlSO2O8
500
10. No. of molecules of acid needed =
Now, H 2 O = 45.6 in hydrate a salt
0.21 # 10 -14
= 2.38 # 1017
8X
` 18X + (39 + 27 + 64 + 128) # 100 = 45.6
2.4 # 1017
` moles of acid needed .
6 # 1023
Solving, we get X = 12.
4 = # 10 -7
4.24
` Salt is KAlS 2 O8 $ 12 H 2 O
Now, Molarity of acid solution = 256
1.18 Chemistry

29.4 17. Let moles of NH3 NO3 = a

14. M acid = 98 = 0.3 and V = 0.1 L
20/40
` Moles of N in it = 2a
M NaOH = 0.5 = 1 and V = 0.09 L

mass of NH3 NO3 = 80a
H X A + X NaOH $ Na X A + X H 2 O

Let moles of (NH 4) 2 HPO 4 = b

` If basicity of acid = X
n
` Moles of N in it = 2b

nacid = NaOH
X
Mass of (NH 4) 2 HPO 4 = 132 b
1 # 0.09

` 0.3 # 0.1 = X 14 $ (2a) + 14 $ (2b)

` 80 a + 132 b = 0.3040

` X = 3.
a

Solving we get b = 3.3
3
15. Vol. of 1 molecule = 4 a 2 # h m NH NO 80 a

` m(NH ) HPO = 132 b = 1.99
4 3

4 2 4
3
= 4 # (10 -6) 2 # 3 # 10 -6
` 2 :1.
3 3 18. Let V mL of alcohol be required
= 4 # 10 -18 cm3
(M.w.)
a mass of alcohol is same in both solutions
` = 1.2
75 30
3 3
# 10 -18
# 10 23
` 100 # 0.8 # V = 100 # 0.9 # 150
4 18 3
Mw = 1.2 ` # 4 # 105 g mol
V = 67.5 mL
9.35 = # 105 g mol 19. Moles of NO 2 required
935 # 103
= b 63 l # 2 # 0.8 = 46.875
= 1575 3 1

16. Let molarity of H2O2 be M and the volume in the
46.875
two parts be V mL and (150 - V) mL
Moles of NO required = 0.60

` for first reaction: 46.875 1

Moles of NH3 required = 0.60 # 0.50
n

n H O # 0.4 = KOH
2 2
2
= 156.25

Now for KOH + H 2 SO 4 reaction
Volume of NH3 at STP required

n KOH = 2n H SO and n H SO = 0.1
2 4 2 4 156.25
= # 22.4 = 3500 L

n
0.2
` H O = 0.8 2 2
20. Let wt. of sample is x g; wt. of MnO 2 is 0.75 x g
2000 0.75x
MV
` = 8 = 250 ...(i)
moles of MnO 2 = 87

For second reaction: 0.75x

wt. of Mn = 87 # 55 = 0.474x
6.74

N O = 22.4 = 0.3

3MnO 2 $ Mn3 O 4 + O 2
2

nO

and n H O # 0.5 = 3 3

wt. of Mn3 O 4 produced
2 2

300
M
` (150 - V) # 0.5 = 3
0.75x 1

= 87 # 2 # 229 = 0.658x g
M
` (150 - V) = 200 ...(ii)
V 250 5
Total wt. of residue = 0.658x + 0.2x

` 150 - V = 200 = 4
5 # 150 250
(wt.of impurities)
V
` = = 3
9 0.474x

% of Mn in residue = 0.858x # 100 = 55.24

Also, MV = 250 & M = 3
  Mole Concept 1.19

21. Let x g is wt. of CaC 2 O 4 and (0.6 - x) g wt. of 25. 6 mole HCl / 3 mole H 2 = 3 # 22.4 litre H 2 .
MgC 2 O 4 1
9
26. 1 mole Y Ba 2 Cu3 O 7 requires 2 mole Y2 O3

CaC 2 O 4 CaCO3 + CO 2
2 mole BaO 2
9

MgC 2 O 4 MgCO3 + CO 2
3 mole CuO
x

wt. of CaCO3 produced = 128 # 100
1
` Y2 O3 : BaO 2 : CuO : : 2 : 2 : 3
(0.6 - x)
::1 : 4 : 6

wt. of MgCO3 produced = 112 # 84
27. 35 drops = 2 mL
x (0.6 - x)

` 128 # 100 + 112 # 84 = 0.465
2 2
` 1 drops = 35 mL = 35 # 1.2 g

x = 0.48 g N # 2 # 1.2
` No. of molecules = A35 # 70

Due to further heating
1.2
9 = $ NA

CaCO3 CaO + CO 2 \ (35) 2
x 60

- 128 28. g-atom of metal = 24 ;
9 40

MgCO3 MgO + CO 2 g-atom of oxygen = 16 ; simple ratio os
60 40

- b 0.6 - x l 24 : 16 or 1 : 1 .
112

wt. of CaO and MgO produced 29. m =
15
(100 # 1.1 - 15) = 1.6
0.48 0.12 98 #
= 128 # 56 + 112 # 40 = 0.252g 1000
1.22 1 30. 18 mL H 2 O or 18g H 2 O has 10N electrons.
22. Moles of BaSO 4 = 233.3 # 3
31. p = 1.25 g/mL M = 3 Mww = 158
= 1.743 # 10 -3
10 # % (w/w) # 1.25

wt. of M 2 (SO 4) 3 = 0.596 3
` = 158 & % (w/w) = 37.92
1.743
` # 10 -3 (2M + 96 # 3) = 0.596
37.92 g Na 2 S 2 O3 is present in 62.08 g of H 2 O

M = 26.9 n
37.92 62.08
` Na S O = 158 = 0.24 n H O = 18 = 3.45
2 2 3 2

23. 2NaOH + H 2 SO 4 $ Na 2 SO 4 + 2H 2 O 0.24

X
` Na S O = 0.24 + 3.45 = 0.065
2 2 3
1

n H SO = 2 n NaOH = 0.5
1000 # 0.065
2 4
1000 X

m = (1 - X) 18 & 0.935 # 18 = 3.866
m
` H SO needed = 0.5 # 98 = 49g.
2 4

m H SO m
` N = 7.732 and mS O = 3.866.
+ 2-

` msolution # 100 = 70
2 4 a 2 3

32. a. 1 mole O2 = 32 g
49
m
` solution = 70 # 100 = 70g. b. 3.011 x 1023 molecules = 0.5 moles SO2 = 32 g
aV + bV bV + aV c. 0.5 moles SO2 = 32 g
24. V1 + V 2 = M1 and V1 + V 2 = M2
1 2 1 2
d. 1 g atom of S = 1 mole S atoms = 32 g
\ bV1 + aV2 = M1 = 4 b given M1 = 54 l
aV + bV M 5 M
33. CaCl 2 $ CaCO3 CaO
9
1 2 2 2

a + b ^V2 /V1h 5 2
a +b 2
5
x moles x moles x moles
or,
^ h
= 4 & 2ab = 4
1.12
mCaO = 1.12 g = 56 = 0.02 moles
+
b a 2 1 V / V
Solving we get a = 2 and b = 1 as given a > b. m ` CaCl in mixture = 0.02 × 111 g = 2.22 g
2

m ` NaCl in mixture = 2.22 g

1.20 Chemistry

34. a. 16g CH4 = 1 mole CH4 ⇒ 4 mole H atoms 44. 2NaOH + H 2 SO 4 $ Na 2 SO 4 + 2H 2 O

2 0.2 moles 0.2 moles
b. 52 g C6H6 = 3 mole C6H6 ⇒ 4 mole H atoms
- 0.1 moles 0.1 moles 0.2 moles
c. 34.2g C12H22O11=0.1 mole C12H22O11 ⇒ 2.2 mole 0.1
\ [Na 2 SO 4] = 4 = 0.025M
H atoms
⇒ Na2SO4 gives [SO42-] = 0.025 M
d. 36g H2O = 2 mole H2O ⇒ 4 mole H atoms
0.1
35. 1g molecule of V2O5 means 1 mole molecules of [H 2 SO 4] left = 4 = 0.025M
V2O5. ⇒ H2SO4 gives [SO42-] = 0.025 M
36. All such units of concentration which do not \ total [SO42-] = 0.05 M
depend on volume of solution are independent of m Na SO = 0.1 # 142 = 14.2gm
2 4

temperature e.g. molefraction, molality, %(w/w)

14.2
Strength of Na2SO4 in g/L = 4 = 3.55 g/L
N
37. N = no. of moles = n 0.754
45. n Na = 23 = 0.0328
A

Molar mass (amu) x NA = total mass = m n

n n
` f = 3Na = n p = 4o = ncompound
38. 11.2 L of gas at STP ⇒ 0.5 moles given mass of 0.5 0.0328
moles = 149 ⇒ (Mw)gas = 28 n
` f= 3 & 6.58 # 10 21 ions
0.0328 0.0328 #
(M.w.) ncompound = & mcompound = 183
39. V.D. = M.w. of H & dimensionless 3 3
2
m ` compound = 2g
density
Specific gravity = density of H O & dimensionless [Na3 PO 4 F] =
0.0328/3
= 0.011M
2 0.1
mass
mass fraction = total mass & dimensionless 48. Even if we assume it to be 100% CaCO3, Maximum
weight loss from CaCO3 only is 4.4 g. Thus because
molality has units of moles /kg. actual weight loss is more the 4.4g impurity must be
40. Refer solution 36 of Ex. 3. volatile (B). Also 4.48 g is weight of CaO only.
46
⇒ % weight of CaCO3
41. a. Volume of solution = 1.4 = 32.85 mL
100 100
` mass of solute = 0.7 # 32.85 = 23g
= 56 # 4.48 # 10 = 90 %

b. Volume of solutions 49. Reactions with HCl:

= 50 mL & moles of solute = 0.5
Na3 PO 4 + 3HCl $ 3NaCl + H3 PO 4

` mass solute = 0.5 # 46 = 23g
NaH 2 PO 4 + HCl $ NaCl + H3 PO 4

Reactions with NaOH:
42. 3S 2n+ + Cr2 O 72- + 14H + $ 3Sn 4+ + 2Cr3+ + 7H 2 O

NaH 2 PO 4 + 2NaOH $ Na3 PO 4 + 2H 2 O
43. Mass of 35 drops = 2.4 g ⇒ mass of 1 drop = 0.068g

m
\ Volume of 1 drop = p = 0.057 mL.
Since Na3PO4 is a basic salt so PH > 7
$ 068
Let Molarity of NaOH and HCl used be M.
\ No. of moles in 1 drop = 70
5M

\ No. of molecules in 1 drop
mmol of NaOH used = 10 M & n NaH PO = 1000 2 4

$ 068
mmol of HCl used = 20 M

= 70 # N A = 5.85 # 10 20
20M

\ No. of molecules in 35 drops = 2.047 x 1022 3n
& Na PO + n NaH PO = 1000
3 4 2 4

1 15M 5M
n
` Na PO = 3 # 1000 = 1000
3 4

n Na PO = n NaH PO
3 4 2 4
  Mole Concept 1.21

50. a. CaO + 3C $ CaC2 + CO

= 0.01 # 5 = 0.05 mol
1 mole 3 mol (1 mol = 64 g) Since there is more O2 present than required
16 1 a. Therefore, P4 is the limiting quantity
Moles of CaC 2 = 64 = 4 mol
1 b. Wrong.
Weight of C = 3 # 4 # 12 = 9.0g
c. [Mw P4 O10 = 284]

b. Weight of C2H4=(32. kg) kg n c

d
103 g 1 mol CaC
m
2 0.01 mol of P4 produces = 0.01 mol of P4O10

= (0.01 mol P4) b mol P 4O 10 lc m

64 g 1 mol P O 284 g P4 O10

b 1 mol C 2 H 4 l 4 10 mol P4 O10
mol CaC 2
= 0.01 # 284 = 2.84 g
c m
28g C 2 H 4
mol C 2 H 4 Hence (c) is wrong.
32 # 103 # 1 # 1 # 28
= 64 d. [Mw of P4 O6 = 220]
= 14 # 10 g = 14.0 kg 3
Weight of P4 O6 produced
c. [Mw of [Ag (NH3) 2] Cl = 177.5, = (0.01 mol P4) b mol P 4O 6 lc m
1 mol P O 220g P4 O6

mol P4 O6

4 6
Mw of AgCl = 143.5g mol -1 = 0.01 # 220 = 2.2g

Weight of AgCl = [17.75 g Ag ( NH3) 2 Cl] Hence, (d) is wrong.
d n
1 mol Ag (NH3) 2 Cl 108
177.5 g Ag (NH3) 2 Cl 52. moles of Al = 27 = 4.0 mol

d nd n
213
1 mol AgCl 143.5 g AgCl moles of MnO = 71 = 3.0 mol
mol Ag (NH3) 2 Cl mol AgCl
a. Since 2 mol of Al requires 3 mol of MnO,
17.75 # 143.5
= 177.5 = 14.35g therefore Al is in excess.
Hence (c) is wrong. b. Wrong.
d. (Atomic weight of Zn = 65.4g, c. Weight of Al required
Mw of Na2S2O4=174) = (3.0 mol MnO) b 3 mol MnO l c m
2 mol Al 27g Al
mol Al
Weight of pure Na2S2O4 = (65.4 x 106g Zn)
3 # 2 # 27
= = 54.0 g of Al
c 1 mol Zn m b 1 mol Na 2 S 2 O 4 l 3
65.4g Zn mol Zn d. Weight of Al in excess = (108 - 54) = 54.0 g.
c m
174g Na 2 S 2 O 4
21
53. Moles of Li = 7 = 3.0 mol
mol Na 2 S 2 O 4
65.4 # 106 # 1 # 1 # 74 32
Moles of O 2 = 32 = 3.0 mol
= 65.4
a. since (3.0 mol Li) b 4 mol Li2 l = 4 = 0.75 mol
= 174 # 106 g 1 mol O 3
= 174 metric ton of O2 is required, therefore (1.0 - 0.75) = 0.25
174 # 100 mol of O2 is in excess. Hence, Li is the limiting
Weight of 50% pure Na 2 S 2 O 4 = 50 reagent.
= 343 metric ton
b. Weight of Li2O formed
Hence, (d) is wrong.
1 mol Li 2 O l c 30g Li 2 O m
1.24 8 = (3.0 mol Li) b 2 mol Li
51. n P = 31 # 4 = 0.01 mol, nO = 32 = 0.25 moles
4 2
mol Li 2 O
3 # 1 # 30
In reaction (i), moles of O2 required = 2 = 45.0g Li 2 O

mol P4) b mol P 2 l

5 mol O
(0.01
=
4
1.22 Chemistry

3.9
c. Moles of K = 39 = 0.1 mol 57. Cu (NH3) x Cl 2 + HCl $ Cu 24 + xNH +4 + (x + 2) Cl -
n

-

4.26 ` x +Cl 2 = nCu(NH )Cl

Moles of Cl 2 = 71 = 0.06 mol
3 2

0.1 3.7
n ` Cu(NH ) Cl = x + 2 = 63.5 + 17x + 71
Since b 2 l = 0.05
0.1 3 x 2

mol of Cl2 is
Solving, we get x = 3
required. T
herefore (0.06-0.05)=0.01 mol of
NH3 Cl + NaOH $ NH 4 OH + NaCl
Cl2 is in excess.
x 3
moles of NH 4 Cl = x + 2 # 0.1 = 5 # 0.1 = 0.06
Hence, K is the limiting reagent.
n
` NaOH = 0.06 = 0.5V
d. Weight of KCl formed
600
V
` = 5 mL = 120 mL
= (0.1 mol K) b mol K lc
1 mol KCl 74.5g KCl m
mol KCl 58. Molar mass of complex = 63.5 + 17 × 3 + 71
= 0.1 # 1 # 74.5 = 7.45g of KCl
= 185.5
1
54. 1 mol Cl 2 / 2 mol KOH / 1 mol KClO / 3 KClO3 59. Mass of 1 water molecule = 18 amu

1
/ 4 mol KClO 4 = 18 × 1.64 × 10-24g

277 = 3 × 10-23g
Moles of KClO 4 = 138.5 = 2
60. Avogadro’s Law, If P, T are same then equal volmes
> H
Moles of Cl 2 = 2 # 4 = 8
will have same no. of moles of molecules.
mass of Cl 2 = 8 # 71 = 568g
61. Mass of ‘O’ atom is independent of NA.
Moles of KOH = 2 # 8 = 16
62. n He = 1 & no. of atoms = n A
16
VKOH = 1.5 = 10.67 L 4 1
nO = 32 & No. of atoms = 8 # N A # 2
2

55. (Let ‘a’ g of X and Y taken) 4 1

nO = 48 & No. of atoms = 12 # N A # 3
3

2X + 3Y $ X 2 Y3 4 2
a a n H O = 34 & No. of atoms = 17 # N A # 4
2 2

Initial moles] & 36 24
a 63. 1.12 L / 6.2g

Final moles] & - - 72 6.2 # 22.4
22.4 L = = 124

Since both X and Y are completely consumed, there 1.12
is no limiting reagent.
124
` Atomicity = 31 = 4
a

Moles of X 2 Y3 = 72, 64. It is fact
(Mw of X 2 Y3 = 2 # 36 + 24 # 3 = 144) 65. Mass number of isotope of O with 9 neutrons = 16
Weight of and is 90%.
a Mass number of isotope of O with 9 neutrons = 17
X 2 Y3 = 72 # 144 = 2a = 2 # Weight of X Let a%.
56. Cl - + AgNO3 $ AgCl + NO3- Mass number of isotope of O with 10 neutrons = 18
14.35 (10 ` - a) %

Mass of AgCl produced = 143.5 = 0.1
` Average atomic mass of O

and n AgCl = n AgNO 3
% of O16 x its mass + % of O17
135
` # M AgNO = 0.1 # 103 # its mass + % of O18 # its mass
3
= 100
100
M
` AgNO 3 = 135 = 0.74M
  Mole Concept 1.23

90 # 16 + 17 (a) + 18 (10 - a) 74. mNaCl needed = 0.3 g

` 16.12 = 100 0.3

` a=8
` msolution # 100 = 5 & msolution = 6g

` % of O17 = 8 %
75. H x A + xNaOH $ Na x A + xH 2 O

% of O18 = 10 - 8 = 2 %
nH A n 1 0.1 1
66. NaCl + AgNO3 $ AgCl . + NaNO3 ` 1 = NaOH
x

x & n H A = 6 # x = 60x
x

2 1

4.77
n NaCl = 58.5 and N AgNO = 170
5.77 ` 600 = 60x & x = 5
3

AgNO
` 3 is the limiting reagent 76. Number of electrons in 102- ion = 8 + 2 = 10
5.77 8
n
` AgCl precipitated = 170 # 143.5 Number of O2- moles of ions in 9 g = 16

= 4.87g
8
` Number of electrons = 16 # 10 = 5
67. n H SO = 0.1 # 1.2 = 0.12
2 4 77. From Dulong Petit Law we get
m ` H SO = 0.12 # 98 = 11.76g 6.4
Approx. Atomic Wt. = sp.heat (cal/g)

2 4

x # 5 + 20 # 2
68. x + 20 = 2.6 6.4

= 0.057 = 114
Solving, we get x = 5 mL

Let molecular formula be MClx
69. Mass of 10 mole liquid - 2800g.
Molecular
` weight = (114 + 35.5x)
density = 1.4 g/cc.
0.22
2800
` moles of MCl x = 114 + 35.5x
\ volume = 1.4 = 2000 cc = 2L

Now, moles of
70. N has 7 electrons. So, each N3- ion has 10 electrons

\ 0.5 mole n3- will have 0.5 x 10 mole electrons
Cl - = x # moles of MCl x = moles of AgNO3
0.22x 0.51
71. mass = 1.44 kg = 1440 g
` 114 + 35.5x = 170 & x = 3

M.w. = 60 x 12 3.78
78. Moles of SO2 taken = 64 = 0.06.
1440
\ No. of moles = 60 # 12 = 2
` Applying POAC for S atoms.
72. N2 + H2 $ N2 H2
(g) (g) (l)

nCaSO = nSO = 0.06
4 4

initial 5L 3L

` M CaSO = 0.06 + 136 = 8.16g
4

final 2L - liquid
79. Molarity = 3.2

\ Contraction in volume = 8 - 2 = 6 L

Density of solution = 0.4 g/mL

Note thas since N2 is in excess, therefore only first
reaction takes place.
` 1 L of solution weight 400 g and contains 3.2
moles of solute which weights 3.2 × 75g
4
73. S 4 N 4 $ x S X + 2N 2

` Mass of solvent = 400 - 3.2 × 75 = 160g
(g) (g)

Since volume of gaseous products = 4

3.2
4
` Molality = 0.16 = 20

` x +2 = 4
4

or x = 2 & x = 2
1.24 Chemistry

80. Mass of algac initially = 1g 20

b. n K = 20 ` [cations] = 100 = 0.2M
+

` To double its mass, it must increase mass by 1g

nCl = 20 ` [Cl -] = 0.2M
-

Now, this mass is due to formation of (C6 H10 O5) n

c. n K = 2 # 30 # 0.2 = 12, nSO = 6
+ 2-
4

6n CO 2 + 5n H 2 O $ (C6 H10 O5) n + 6n O 2 12

` [K +] = 100 = 0.12M ` [SO 24-] = 0.06M
1
` Moles of starch weighing 1g = (72 + 10 + 80) # n

d. M =
10 # 24.5
= 2.5 ` [SO 24-] = 2.5M
98
1

= 162n
[H +] = 5M
6 1

` N CO absorbed = 162
2 84. a. m H O = 1.8g & n H O = 0.1 & 10 N A molecules
2 2

` time needed =
6/162
-3 =
6 # 103 ` vol. of vapours at STP = 0.1 # 22.4L
4.7 # 10 162 # 4.7
1.8

7.88 hours . 8 hours
b. 1.8 mL vapours at STP & 22400 moles
16
81. nSO = 32 + 16x = 22.4
x
5.6
c. 8. # 10 -5 mole H 2 O(v) is same as (b) above.
1 1 85. a. 0.5 mole SO2 & 11.2 L at STP
` 2+x = 4 & x = 2

& 1.5 mole atoms (1 mole O and 0.5 moles S)
82. Total mass of coal sample = 102.49g.

b. 1g H2 & 0.5 moles & 11.2 L

When it is dried, mass remaining = 100g.
7.14
c. 0.5 moles O3 & 11.2L & 1.5 mole atoms
` % ash = 100 # 100 = 7.14%

d. 1g molecule of O2 & 1 mole O2 molecules
83. a. n Al = 20 n H = 40 Final volume = 500
3+ +

86. 32g SO2 & 0.5 mole SO2 & 1.5 mole atoms
20 + 40 60

` [cation] = 500 = 500 = 0.12M
& 11.2 L at STP
100

nCl - = 3 # 20 + 40 = 100 & [Cl -] = 500 = 0.2M

1. Mass% Atomic ratio 2. Mass of the adult = 75 kg

C 6.K% 6/12 = 1/2 % Hydrogen = 10%
H 1 K% 1/1 = 1 \ Mass of Hydrogen = 7.5 kg
O (100-7K)% Now, if each 1H atom is replaced by 2H atom then
effectively the mass of each H atom doubles.

x:y=1:2
\ Mass of Hydrogen after replacement = 15 kg
C` x H y = C n H 2n Also, mass of other atoms remain same.
C x H y O z + c x + - z m O2 $ xCO2 + 2 H2 O
y y
\ Gain in mass = 7.5 kg.
4 2
3. initial m. moles of CH3COOH = 50 × 0.06 = 3
C x H y + c x + m O2 $ xCO2 + 2 H2 O
y y

4 final m. moles of CH3COOH = 50 × 0.042 = 2.1
x + 4 - 2 = 2 ;x + E
y z 1 y

\ m. moles of CH3COOH adsorbed by 3g charcoal
4
= 0.9
x 2
z =3
\ m. moles of CH3COOH adsorbed by 1g charcoal
Thus, Empirical Formula : C2H4O3 = 0.3

\ mass of CH3COOH adsorbed per g of charcoal =
0.3 × 60 = 18 mg.
  Mole Concept 1.25

4. We know the molecular weight of C8H7SO3Na M1 V1 + M 2 V2

6. From the formula, M f = V1 + V2
12
= # 8 + 1 # 7 + 32 + 16 # 3 + 23 = 206

Given, V1 = 750 mL, M1 = 0.5 M

we have to find, mole per gram of resin.

V2 = 250 mL, M2 = 2 M

` 1 g of C8H7SO3Na has number of mole 750 # 0.5 + 250 # 2 875
weight of given resin =
750 + 250 = 1000 = 0.875M
1

= Molecular, weight of resin = 206 mol
7. Heavy water has 2 atoms of 12H and one atom of 168O

Now, reaction looks like

\ Number of protons = 2 × 1 + 1 × 8 = 10

2C8 H 7 SO3 Na + Ca 2+ $ (C8 H 7 SO3) 2 Ca + 2Na
\ Number of electrons = number of protons = 10

a 2 moles of C8H7SO3Na combines with 1 mol Ca 2+
Number of neutrons = 2 × 1 + 1 × 8 = 10

1
` 206 mole of C8H7SO3Na will combine with 8. molality and Molarity of a solution are related by the
formulae given in Section 6.2 of theory.
1 1 1

2 # 206 mol Ca 2+ = 412 mol Ca 2+ 9. moles of Urea = 2
(mO ) 2
Total mass of solution = 1120 g.
nO (MO )
5. n N = (m )
Total Volume of Solution = 973.9 mL
2 2

2 N 2

(M N ) 2
So, Molarity = 2/0.9739 = 2.05M

Where, mO = given mass of O2, m N = given mass
2 2 10. 24g C has 2 mole atoms rest all have 1 mole atoms
of N2, M O = molecular mass of O2, M N = number
2 2
11. (29 x density x 10)/98 = 3.6. So, density = 1.22g/cc
of moles of N2
12. Mole ratios of C, N, O are 0.75:1:0.25. So, the
= ; m O E 32 = 4 # 32 = 32
m 28 1 28 7
2
formula should be C3H4O.
N 2

(120 + 1000) place:

1. VSol = mL
1.15
[CO (NH3) 5 SO 4] Br + AgNO3 $
W2 # 1000 120 # 1000
[Co (NH3) 5 SO 4] NO3 + AgBr .
M = Mw = 60 # 1120/1.15
2 # Vsol

[Co (NH3) 5 Br] SO 4 + BaCl 2 $
2 # 115
= 112 = 2.05 M
[Co (NH3) 5 Br] Cl 2 + BaSO 4 .
2. The atomic mass of iron is 4. a 9.108 x 10-31 kg of electrons contain
(5 # 54) + (90 # 56) + (5 # 57)

= 100 = 55.95
=
1
mol
6.023 # 10 23
3. A mixture X contianing 0.02 mol of [Co(NH3)5SO4]
` 1 kg of electron will contian
Br and 0.02 mol of [CO(NH3)5Br] SO4 was prepared
1
in 2 L of solution. This means 1 L of the mixture
=
6.023 # 10 23 # 9.108 # 10 -31
contains 0.01 mol of [Co(NH3)5SO4] Br 0.01 mol of 1
[CO(NH3)5Br] SO4.
= 6.023 # 9.108 # 108 mol
1L of mixture X + excess AgNO3 $ 0.01 mol
AgBr
1L of mixture X + excess BaCl2 $ 0.01 mol BaSO4
This is according to the following reactions taking
1.26 Chemistry

5. For water vapours, P = 0.0006 g cc-1 9. Density = 10.5 g cc-1

Mass Mass This means 10.5 g silver is present in 1 cm3.
0.0006
` = Volume = 1000
10.5

Mass = 1000 x 0.0006 = 0.6 g 108 mol silver is present in 1 cm .
3

10.5

The density of liquid water is 1 g cc-1 108 N silvel atoms present in 1 cm .
3

3 10.5

So, the volume occupied by water is 108 N silvel atoms present in 1 cm

b 10.5 N l silvel atoms present is 1 cm2.

Mass 0.6 1/2
Density = 1 = 0.6 cc
3
108
nsolute 10-12 m2 is equal to 10-8 cm2.
6. n = 0.1
solute + n solvent
b 10.5 N l # 10 -8 silver atoms present in
1/2
3
nsolute 1 108
` nsolvent =9
10-12 m2.
\ If nsolute = 1, then nsolvent = 9
On solving, we get 1.5 x 10-7 = Y x 10-x

\ mass of solute (MW)solute and
x
` =7
Msolvent = (M.W.)Solvent × 9
10. Ca(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4 2NH4 + CaSO4.2H2O
1000
\ Molality = 9 (M.W.) 1584 g [Ni(H2O)6]Cl2
solvent

mass of (solute + solvent)

Volume of solution = 2000 L Complex Compound
1584
\ Molarity = (MW)
2000 Number of Moles of (NH4)2SO4 = 132 = 12 moles
solute + 9 (MW) solvent
Moles of NH3 released = 24 moles

a molality = Molarity
952
1000 2000 Moles of moles of NiCl2.6H2O = 238 = 4 moles

\ 9 (MW) = (MW)
solute + 9 (MW) solvent
solvent
Number of moles of Gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) formed
(MW)solute + 9 (MW)solvent = 18 (MW)Solvent = 12 moles
(MW) solute Mass of Gypsum formed = 12 × 172 = 2064

\ (MW) =9
solvent Number of moles of complex formed [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2
24
7. If Molarity = 3.2 = 6 = 4 moles

\ 3.2 moles of solute are present in 1 L solution Mass of complex formed = 4 × 232 = 928 g
Total Mass = 2064 + 928 = 2992 g

Given, no change in volume ⇒ Vsolution = Vsolvent
11. 6CaO + P4 O10 $ 2Ca3 (PO 4) 2

\ If Vsolution = 1L ⇒ Vsolvent = 1L ⇒ masssolvent=400g
6CaO / P4 O10
3.2

\ molality = 400 ×1000 6 (40 + 16) (31 # 4) + (16 # 10)
W = 852

\ molality = 8.
or W = 1008 g.
8. BenAl2Si6 O18
12. Density of water = 1000 kg m-3
(2n) + (3 × 2) + (4 × 6) + (-2 × 18) = 0 1 kg = 1000 g
or 2n + 30 - 36 = 0 or 2n = 6 1 m3 = 1000 L
or n = 3 Density of water = 1000 g L-1
1000
Number of moles in 1 L = 18
Molarity = 55.555