Logarithmic series:

Def: The expansion of the function log e (1  x) or ln(1  x) ,  1  x  1 is called

logarithmic series and is given by

x2 x3 x 4
ln(1  x)  x     .................. ………………… (1)
2 3 4
Put x = -x in (1) we get

x2 x3 x4
ln(1  x )   x     .................. ,  1  x  1
2 3 4
x2 x3 x 4
  ln(1  x)  x     .................. ……………. (2)
2 3 4
Now adding (1) and (2) we get

1 x   x3 x5 
 ln   2 x    .................. 
1 x   3 5 
1 1 x  x 3
x5
 ln  x   .................. .....................(3)
2 1 x  3 5
Put x = 1 in (1) we get
1 1 1
ln 2  1     .................. ……………. (4)
2 3 4

Problems:
 a  1 1  a  1 3 1  a  1 5 
1. Show that for a>1, log e a  2        .........
 a  1 3  a  1  5  a 1 
Hence calculate log e 2 correct to 4 places of decimals.
n
1 1 1  1
2. Show that 1     .......... ...  log1  
2 n  1 2.3 n  1 2
3.4( n  1) 3
 n
3. Find the coefficient of x in the expansion ln(1  2 x )
3

4. Find the coefficient of x n in the expansion ln(1  x)

Find the coefficient of x 5 in the expansion ln(1  x )
2
5.
Find the coefficient of y in the expansion  2 y  3 ln(1  2 y )
4
6.
1 1 1 1 1 5
7. Show that  2
 3
 ........  log e  
5 25 35 4
1  1 1 1  1 1  1 1 1 1
8. Show that      2  2    3  3   ........  log e 2
2 2 3 4 2 3  62 3  2
3 5
mn 1mn 1mn 1 m
9. Show that        ........  log e  
m  n 3 m  n 5m n 2 n
1 1 1 1 1 5
10.Show that  2
 3
 ........  log e  
5 25 35 4
  1  3x 
11.Find the coefficient of x 3 in the expansion ln 
 1  2x 
1 1 1 1
12.Show that     ........  log e 4  1
1.2 2.3 3.4 4.5
1 1 1 1
13.Show that    ........  log e 2 
1.2.3 3.4.5 5.6.7 2
 x 1  1 1 1 
14.Show that log e    2    ......... if x  0 .
 2 x  1 3 2 x  1 5 2 x  1
3 5
 x  
15.Find the coefficient of x 5 in the expansion ln(1  5 x  6 x )
2

 x2 x4 x6 
16.Show that log e 1  x  .(1  x )  2 1.2  3.4  5.6  .........
1 x 1 x

 