x2 x3 x 4
ln(1 x) x .................. ………………… (1)
2 3 4
Put x = -x in (1) we get
x2 x3 x4
ln(1 x ) x .................. , 1 x 1
2 3 4
x2 x3 x 4
ln(1 x) x .................. ……………. (2)
2 3 4
Now adding (1) and (2) we get
1 x x3 x5
ln 2 x ..................
1 x 3 5
1 1 x x 3
x5
ln x .................. .....................(3)
2 1 x 3 5
Put x = 1 in (1) we get
1 1 1
ln 2 1 .................. ……………. (4)
2 3 4
Problems:
a 1 1 a 1 3 1 a 1 5
1. Show that for a>1, log e a 2 .........
a 1 3 a 1 5 a 1
Hence calculate log e 2 correct to 4 places of decimals.
n
1 1 1 1
2. Show that 1 .......... ... log1
2 n 1 2.3 n 1 2
3.4( n 1) 3
n
3. Find the coefficient of x in the expansion ln(1 2 x )
3
x2 x4 x6
16.Show that log e 1 x .(1 x ) 2 1.2 3.4 5.6 .........
1 x 1 x