इंटरनेट मानक

Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to
information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities,
in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,
and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of
education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the
timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार” “प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”

Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan Jawaharlal Nehru
“The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “Step Out From the Old to the New”

IS 1885-14 (1967): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 14:

Nuclear power plants (Bi-Lingual Edition) [ETD 1: Basic
Electrotechnical Standards]

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”

Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता ह”

है”
ह
Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam
“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
 vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967
¼iquiqZ"V 2002½
(Reaffirmed 2002)
¼f}Hkk"kh@Bilingual½

Hkkjrh; ekud
fo|qr rduhdh ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh
Hkkx 14 ukfHkdh; ÅtkZ la;U=k
(igyk iqueqZnz.k vDVwcj 1983)

Indian Standard
ELECTROTECHNICAL VOCABULARY
PART 14 NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
(First Reprint October 1983)

;wMhlh@UDC 001.4 : 621.311.2 : 621.039

© Hkk ek C;w j ks 2011

Hkkjrh; ekud C;w j ks
ekud Hkou] 9 cgknq j 'kkg t+ Q j ekxZ
ubZ fnYyh 110002

© BIS 2011
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

fnlEcj@December 2011 ewY; oxZ@Price Group 8

fo|qr rduhdh ekud fo"k; lfefr] bZVhMhlh 1

izkDdFku
bl Hkkjrh; ekud (Hkkx 14) osQ elkSns dks fo|qr rduhdh ekud fo"k; lfefr }kjk vfUre :i fn, tkus vkSj fo|qr rduhdh
foHkkx ifj"kn osQ vuqeksnu osQ ckn Hkkjrh; ekud laLFkk }kjk 15 ekpZ 1967 dks xzg.k fd;k x;kA
bl ekud (Hkkx 14) esa vf/drj mu ifjHkk"kkvksa dk vuqlj.k fd;k x;k gS tks vUrjkZ"Vªh; fo|qr rduhdh vk;ksx }kjk
vuq'kaflr elkSns esa lfEefyr gSa vkSj MkWD;weSaV% 1 (26) (dsUnzh; dk;kZy;) 238 esa nh xbZ gSa] tks bl fo"k; ij loZlEer
vUrjkZ"Vªh; jk; dks O;Dr djrk gSA
fo|qr rduhdh ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh dks lEiw.kZ ,d gh Hkkx esa rS;kj djuk laHko ugha ik;k x;k gS] vr% bls vusd Hkkxksa esa
fudkyk tk jgk gS] izR;sd Hkkx esa ,d ;k vf/d [k.M gSaA vU; Hkkxksa dh lwph vuqcaèk d esa nh xbZ gSA
bl ekud osQ fuèkkZj.k osQ fy, mÙkjnk;h lfefr dk xBu vuqcaèk [k esa fn;k x;k gSA

Electrotechnical Standards Sectional Committee, ETDC 1

FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (Part 14) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 15 March 1967, after the draft
finalized by the Electrotechnical Standards Sectional Committee had been approved by the Electrotechnical Division
Council.
This Standard (Part 14) follows, to a large extent, the definitions included in the draft recommendation by the
International Electrotechnical Commission as contained in Doc : 1 (26) (Central Office) 238 which represents the
consensus of international opinion on the subject.
It has not been found possible to prepare the electrotechnical vocabulary as a complete volume which is, therefore,
being issued in several parts each having one or more sections. Other parts are given in Appendix A.
The composition of the committee responsible for the formulation of this standard is given at Appendix B.

Hkkjrh; ekud
fo|qr rduhdh ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh
Hkkx 14 ukfHkdh; ÅtkZ la;U=k
Indian Standard
ELECTROTECHNICAL VOCABULARY
PART 14 NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
1 fo"k; {ks = k
bl ekud (Hkkx 14) esa fo|qr mQtkZ ds mRiknu gsrq ukfHkdh;
mQtkZ la;U=k ls lEcfUèkr inksa dh ifjHkk"kk,a nh xbZ gSaA
2 ukfHkdh; HkkSfrdh
2-1 lkekU;
2-1-1 ijek.kq μ fdlh rÙo dk lw{ere Hkkx] ftl ij dksbZ
usV fo|qr vkos'k u gks] vkSj tks jklk;fud la;ksx fØ;kvksa esa
Hkkx ys ldsA
2-1-2 vk;u μ ,d ijek.kq] v.kq vFkok v.kqvksa dk lewg
ftl ij dqN usV fo|qr vkos'k gksA
2-1-3 U;wfDy;l (ukfHkd) μ ijek.kq dk dsUnzh; Hkkx tks
èku&vkosf'kr gksrk gS rFkk blesa ijek.kq dk yxHkx leLr
nzO;eku fLFkr gksrk gSA
2-1-4 la;qDr U;wfDy;l μ fdlh ukfHkdh; vfHkfØ;k esa
,d ukfHkd }kjk fdlh d.k dk vo'kks"k.k djus ls cuus okys
mÙksftr ukfHkd dks ifjHkkf"kr djus ds fy, cksj ds fl¼kUr
esa iz;qDr ,d inA
2-1-5 nzO;eku la[;k μ fdlh U;wDykbM esa mifLFkr izksVksuksa
o U;wVªkWuksa dh dqy la[;kA
2-1-6 ijek.kq la[;k μ U;wfDy;l (ukfHkd) esa mifLFkr
izksVksuksa dh la[;kA
2-1-7 U;wDykbM μ fdlh ijek.kq dh fof'k"V nzO;eku la[;k]
ijek.kq la[;k vkSj ukfHkdh; mQtkZ voLFkk ;qDr tkfr fo'ks"k
;fn bl voLFkk esa mldh ekè; vk;q bruh i;kZIr gks fd
mldk izs{k.k fd;k tk ldsA
2-1-8 leLFkkfud μ ,sls U;wDykbM ftudh ijek.kq la[;k
,dleku gks] ij nzO;eku la[;k,¡ fHkUu&fHkUu gksaA
2-1-9 leLFkkfudh; ckgqY; μ fdlh rÙo ds uewus esa
mifLFkr ml rÙo ds ,d fof'k"V leLFkkfud ds ijek.kqvksa
dh la[;k rFkk mlds dqy ijek.kqvksa dh la[;k dk vuqikrA
bls izfr'kr esa O;Dr fd;k tkrk gSA
1
vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967
1 SCOPE
This standard (Part 14) covers definitions of terms
applicable to nuclear power plants for generation of
electric energy.
2 NUCLEAR PHYSICS
2.1 General
2.1.1 Atom — The smallest part of an element, with no
net electric charge, which can participate in chemical
combinations.
2.1.2 Ion — An atom, molecule or group of molecules
having a net electric charge.
2.1.3 Nucleus — The central part of an atom, possessing
a positive charge and containing nearly all the mass of
the atom.
2.1.4 Compound Nucleus — The expression used in
Bohr theory to define the excited nucleus formed when
a particle is absorbed by a nucleus during a nuclear
reaction.
2.1.5 Mass Number — Total number of protons and
neutrons in a nuclide.
2.1.6 Atomic Number — Number of protons contained
in the nucleus.
2.1.7 Nuclide — A species of atom characterized by
its mass number, atomic number, and nuclear energy
state, provided that the mean life in that state is long
enough to be observable.
2.1.8 Isotopes — Nuclides having the same atomic
number but different mass numbers.
2.1.9 Isotopic — Ratio of the number of atoms of a
specified isotope of an element to the total number of
atoms of this element in a sample. Expressed in percent.
vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967
2-1-10 ckgqY; vuqikr μ fdlh rÙo esa mlds nks leLFkkfudh;
ckgqY;rkvksa dk vuqikrA
2-1-11 jsfM;ks U;wDykbM μ ,d jsfM;ks,sfDVo U;wDykbMA
2-1-12 jsfM;ks leLFkkfud μ jsfM;ks,sfDVo leLFkkfudA
2-1-13 tud_ jsfM;ks ,sfDVo iwoxZ keh (jsfM;ks U;wDykbM dk)
μ og jsfM;ks,sfDVo U;wDykbM tks ,d vFkok vfèkd Øfed
fo?kVuksa }kjk jsfM;ksU;wDykbM mRiUu djrk gSA
2-1-14 {k;t inkFkZ@mRikn μ fdlh jsfM;ks,sfDVo U;wDykbM
ds fo?kVu ls mRiUu gqvk U;wDykbMA
2-1-15 fo[k.Mfud [k.M μ fo[k.Mu ds iQyLo:i izkIr
gksus okys U;wfDy;l] muesa dksbZ jsfM;ks,sfDVo :ikUrj.k gksus
ls igysA
2-1-16 fo[k.Mfud mRikn μ fo[k.Mu }kjk izkIr U;wDykbM
vFkok blls izkIr U;wDykbMksa ds lrr~ jsfM;ks,sfDVo fo?kVu ls
izkIr U;wDykbMA
2-1-17 jsfM;ks rÙo μ jsfM;ks,sfDVo jklk;fud rÙoA
2-1-18 ,sYiQk] chVk vkSj@vFkok xkek mRltZd μ ,sls
jsfM;ks,fs DVo U;wDykbM ftudk fo?kVu ,sYiQk] chVk vkSj@vFkok
xkek fofdj.kksa ds mRltZu ds lkFk gksrk gSA
2-1-19 lfØ; fu{ksi μ fdlh xSl ds jsfM;ks,sfDVo {k; ds
i'pkr~ lrg ij fu{ksfir jsfM;ks,sfDVo inkFkZA
2-1-20 fofdj.k μ inkFkZ ds d.kksa ds :i esa vFkok
fo|qrpqEcdh; rjaxksa ds :i esa mQtkZ dk mRltZuA
2-1-21 ,sYiQk&d.k μ fdlh ukfHkdh; :ikUrj.k esa mRlftZr
ghfy;e&4 ukfHkd] foLrkj ls] dksbZ Hkh ghfy;e&4 ukfHkdA
2-1-22 ,sYiQk fofdj.k μ jsfM;ks,sfDVo ijek.kqvksa ls mRlftZr
gksrs ,sYiQk d.kA
2-1-23 ,ysDVªkWu μ ½.kkRed fo|qr vkos'k dh lw{ere Kkr
ek=kk ;qDr ,d ewy d.kA bldk nzO;eku 9.108 × 10-28 xzke
gksrk gSA bysDVªkWu ij vkos'k e =1.6 × 10-20 emu.
2-1-24 chVk d.k μ ,d ,ysDVªkWu] ;k rks èkkuvkosf'kr
(β +) ;k èkuvkosf'kr (β –) tks fdlh jsfM;ks,sfDVo :ikUrj.k
izfØ;k esa ijek.kq ds ukfHkd (U;wfDy;l) esa ls ;k U;wVªkWu esa
ls mRlftZr fd;k x;k gksA
2-1-25 ikWthVªkWu μ ;g ,d ,ysDVªkWu ds le:i gksrk gS
fdUrq ml ij ?kukRed vkos'k gksrk gSA
2-1-26 chVk fo?kVu μ ,d U;wDykbM vFkok U;wVªkWu dk
jsfM;ks,sfDVo :ikUrj.k ftlesa ijek.kq la[;k,a ±1 ls ifjofrZr
gks tkrh gS vkSj nzO;eku la[;k vifjofrZr jgrh gSA ijek.kq
la[;k esa o`f¼ rc gksrh gS tc ½.kkRed chVk d.k dk
mRltZu gksrk gS_ èkukRed chVk d.k (ikWthVªkWu) ds mRltZu
;k bysDVªkWu ds izxzg.k ds dkj.k ijek.kq la[;k de gksrh gSA
2
2.1.10 Abundance Ratio — Quotient of two isotopic
abundance in a given element.
2.1.11 Radionuclide — A radioactive nuclide.
2.1.12 Radioisotope — Radioactive isotope.
2.1.13 Parent; Radioactive Precursor (of a
Radionuclide) — Radioactive nuclide which produces
the radionuclide by one or several successive
disintegrations.
2.1.14 Decay Product — Nuclide originating from
the disintegration of a radioactive nuclide.
2.1.15 Fission Fragments — The nuclei resulting from
fission before they have undergone radioactive
transformations.
2.1.16 Fission Products — The nuclides produced
either by fission or by the subsequent radioactive
disintegration of the nuclides thus formed.
2.1.17 Radio Element — Radioactive chemical
element.
2.1.18 Alpha, Beta and/or Gamma Emitter —
Radionuclide disintegrating with emission of alpha,
beta and/or gamma radiation.
2.1.19 Active Deposit — Radioactive products
deposited on a surface following radioactive decay of
gas.
2.1.20 Radiation — The emotion of energy in the form
of particles of matter or in the form of an
electromagnetic wave.
2.1.21 Alpha Particle — A helium-4 nucleus emitted
during a nuclear transformation; by extension, any
helium-4 nucleus.
2.1.22 Alpha-Radiation — Alpha particles emerging
from radioactive atoms.
2.1.23 Electron — An elementary particle having the
smallest known charge of negative electricity. Its mass
is 9.108 × 10–28 gram. The charge of electron e = 1.6
× 10–20 emu.
2.1.24 Beta Particle — An electron of either positive
charge (β +), or negative charge (β –), which has been
emitted by an atomic nucleus or neutron in the process
of a radioactive transformation.
2.1.25 Positron — It is identical to electron but has
positive charge.
2.1.26 Beta Disintegration — Radioactive
transformation of a nuclide or neutron in which the
atomic number changes by ±1, and the mass number
remains constant. Increase of atomic number occurs
with negative beta particle emission, decrease with
positive beta particle (positron) emission or upon
electron capture.

2-1-27 chVk&fdj.k LisDVªe μ chVk fo?kVu izfØ;k ls
mRlftZr chVk d.kksa (ftuesa :ikUrjd bysDVªkWu lfEefyr
ugha gSa) dh mQtkZ vFkok laosx dk forj.kA
2-1-28 bysDVªkWu&ikWthVªkWu ;qXe μ ^;qXe&mRiknu* uked
izfØ;k esa ,dlkFk cuus okys bysDVªkWu vkSj ikWthVªkWuA
2-1-29 iQksVkWu μ fo|qr pqEcdh; fofdj.k dh ek=kkA
2-1-30 X- fofdj.k μ ,d izdkj ds fo|qr&pqEcdh; fofdj.k]
tks ,d bysDVªkWu dh fdlh U;wfDy;l ds dwykWe {ks=k ds lkFk
vU;ksU; fØ;k ls ;k d{kh; bysDVªkWuksa ds LFkkukUrj.k ls
mRiUu gksrs gSaA
2-1-31 xkek fofdj.k μ ukfHkdh; laØe.k ;k d.k 'kwU;hdj.k
dh izfØ;k esa mRlftZr fo|qr pqEcdh; fofdj.kA
2-1-32 izxzg.k xkek fofdj.k μ fdlh U;wDykbM }kjk ,d
U;wVªkWu ds izxzg.k ds rqjUr i'pkr~ mRlftZr xkek fofdj.kA
2-1-33 rkRdkfyd xkek fofdj.k μ fo[k.Mu izfØ;k ds
lkFk rRdky (fcuk dksbZ izs{k.kh; foyEc ds) xkek fofdj.kA
2-1-34 czseLVªkWyqax μ vkosf'kr d.kksa ds eanu ;k Roj.k ls
lEc¼ fo|qr&pqEcdh; fofdj.kA
2-1-35 izdk'k bysDVªkWu μ izdk'k&fo|qr izHkko uked ?kVuk
esa dqN èkkrqvksa }kjk mRlftZr bysDVªkWuA
2-1-36 izdk'k U;wVªkWu μ fdlh izdk'k ukfHkdh; vfHkfØ;k
esa mRlftZr U;wVªkWuA
2-1-37 U;wfDyvkWu μ ,d izksVªksu ;k ,d U;wVªkWuA
2-1-38 izksVksu μ ,d ewy d.k] tks èku fo|qr vkos'k dh
lw{ere ek=kk ls vkosf'kr gksrk gS] vkSj bldk nzO;eku yxHkx
gkbMªkstu ijek.kq ds nzO;eku ftruk gksrk gSA izksVªksu dk
nzO;eku mp= 1.072 × 10–24 xzke = 1.007 59 ijekf.od
nzO;eku bdkbZ (amu)A
2-1-39 U;wVªkWu μ ,d ewy d.k ftl ij vkos'k ugha gksrk
vkSj bldk nzO;eku 1.675×10–24 xzke ;k 1.008 98 ijekf.kd
nzO;eku bdkbZ (amu) gksrk gSA
2-1-40 U;wVªkWu vkfèkD; μ ukfHk; (U;wfDy;l) esa izksVªksu dh
la[;kA
2-1-41 fo[k.Mu U;wVªkWu μ fo[k.Mu izfØ;k esa mRiUu gksus
okys U;wVªkWu (ftuesa rkRdkfyd o foyfEcr nksuksa U;wVªkWu
lfEefyr gSa) tks viuh ewy mQtkZ dks cpk, j[krs gSaA
uks V μ fo[k.Mu LisDVªe ds lkFk bl in dk izfrcUèk vfuok;Z gS
(ns[ksa 2-2-57
2-2-57)A
2-1-42 rkRdkfyd U;wVªkWu μ dsoy os U;wVªkWu tks fo[k.Mu
izfØ;k dh vofèk esa mRlftZr gksrs gSa] vkSj buesa os U;wVªkWu
lfEefyr ugha gksrs tks fo[k.Mu mRiknksa }kjk muds Ük`a[kykc¼
{k; dh izfØ;k esa mRlftZr gksrs gSaA
3
vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967
2.1.27 Beta-Ray Spectrum — Distribution, in energy or
in momentum, of beta particles (not including conversion
electrons) emitted by beta disintegration process.
2.1.28 Electron-Positron Pair — Electron and positron
simultaneously created, in a process called ‘pair
production’.
2.1.29 Photon — Quantum of electromagnetic
radiation.
2.1.30 X-Radiation — An electromagnetic radiation
produced by interaction of an electron with the coulomb
field of a nucleus or by orbital electron transitions.
2.1.31 Gamma Radiation — Electromagnetic radiation
emitted in the process of nuclear transition or particle
annihilation
2.1.32 Capture Gamma Radiation — Gamma radiation
emitted immediately after the capture of a neutron by a
nuclide.
2.1.33 Prompt Gamma Radiation — Gamma radiation
accompanying the fission process without measurable
delay.
2.1.34 Bremsstrahlung — The electromagnetic
radiation associated with the deceleration or
acceleration of charged particles.
2.1.35 Photoelectron — Electron emitted by some
metals in a phenomenon called photoelectric effect.
2.1.36 Photoneutron — Neutron emitted during a
photonuclear reaction.
2.1.37 Nucleon — A proton or a neutron.
2.1.38 Proton — An elementary particle carrying the
smallest charge of positive electricity and having a mass
near that of the hydrogen atom. The mass of the proton
is mp = 1.672 × 10–24 gram = 1.007 59 atomic mass
units.
2.1.39 Neutron — An elementary particle with no
charge, having a mass of 1.675 × 10–24 gram or 1.008 98
atomic mass units
2.1.40 Neutron Excess — Number of neutrons in a
nucleus in excess of the number of protons.
2.1.41 Fission Neutrons — Neutrons originating in the
fission process (including both prompt and delayed
neutrons) which have retained their original energy.
NOTE — The restriction of this term to neutrons with fission
spectrum is essential (see 2.2.57).
2.1.42 Prompt Neutrons — Neutrons emitted only
during the process of fission and do not include neutrons
emitted by fission products in the process of their chain
decay.
vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967
2-1-43 foyfEcr U;wVªkWu μ fo[k.Vu mRiknksa }kjk muds
Ük`a[kykc¼ {k; gksus dh izfØ;k esa mRlftZr U;wVªkWuA
2-1-44 rhozxkeh U;wVªkWu μ os U;wVªkWu ftudh xfrt mQtkZ ,d
fufnZ"V eku ls vfèkd gksA ;g eku ,d cM+h ijkl ds eè;
ifjofrZr gks ldrk gS vkSj vuqiz;ksx ij fuHkZj djsxk] tSls
HkV~Vh (fj,DVj) HkkSfrdh] ifjj{k.k ;k MkslhehVªhA ijek.kq
HkV~Vh HkkSfrdh esa izk;% bldk eku 0.1 MeV pquk tkrk gSA
2-1-45 eè;orhZ U;wVªkWu μ os U;wVªkWu ftudh xfrt mQtkZ
rhozxkeh vkSj eUnxkeh U;wVªkWuksa dh mQtkZvksa ds eè; gksrh gSA
ijek.kq HkV~Vh HkkSfrdh esa bldk ijkl 1 eV ls 0.1 MeV rd
gks ldrk gSA
2-1-46 vuquknh U;wVªkWu μ eè;orhZ mQtkZ ds U;wVªkWu ftudh
mQtkZ eV ls KeV {ks=k esa gks] ftlesa fonY; vkSj moZj inkFkks±
dk vuqukn vofLFkr gksA
2-1-47 ,fidSMfe;e U;wVªkWu μ U;wVªkWu ftudh xfrt mQtkZ
dSMfe;e dV&vkWiQ (laLrCèk) mQtkZ ls vfèkd gksA
2-1-48 oSQMfe;e laLrCèk (dV&vkWiQ) μ U;wVªkWu dh mQtkZ
dk og eku ftlls de gksus ij fufnZ"V eksVkbZ dh dSMfe;e
ijr esa gksdj ikjxE;rk xq.kkad ux.; ekuk tk ldsA
2-1-49 izHkkoh dSMfe;e laLrCèk (dV&vkWiQ) μ mQtkZ dk
og eku tks fdlh izk;ksfxd la:i.k ds fy, bl 'krZ ij
fuèkkZfjr fd;k tkrk gS ;fn fdlh lalwpd ij yxs dSMfe;e
vkoj.k dks ,d ,sls dkYifud vkoj.k ls izfrLFkkfir dj
fn;k tk, tks blls de mQtkZ okys U;wVªkWuksa ds fy, vikjxE;
gks vkSj blls vfèkd eku dh mQtkZ ds fy, ikjxE; gks] rks
lalwpd dh izsf{kr vuqfØ;k vifjofrZr gh jgsxhA
2-1-50 lcdSMfe;e U;wVªkWu μ ,sls U;wVªkWu ftudh xfrt
mQtkZ dSMfe;e laLrCèk (dV&vkWiQ) mQtkZ ls de gksA
2-1-51 eUnxkeh U;wVªkWu μ os U;wVªkWu ftudh xfrt mQtkZ
,d fufnZ"V eku ls de gksA ;g eku ,d cM+h ijkl ds
eè; ifjofrZr gks ldrk gS] vkSj vuqiz;ksx ij fuHkZj djsxk]
;Fkk ijek.kq HkV~Vh (fj,DVj) HkkSfrdh] ifjj{k.k ;k MkslhehVªhA
ijek.kq HkV~Vh (fj,DVj) HkkSfrdh esa ;g eku izk;% l eV
pquk tkrk gSA MkslhehVªh esa dSMfe;e laLrCèk mQtkZ iz;qDr
gksrh gSA
2-1-52 vYirkih U;wVªkWu μ os U;wVªkWu ftudh xfrt mQtkZ
mQ"eh; iz{kksHk ls vfèkd gksA ;g in izk;% mQ"eh; ls dqN gh
vfèkd mQtkZvksa rd ds fy, lhfer gksrk gS] vFkkZr~ jklk;fud
cUèkksa dh mQtkZvksa ds led{k mQtkZvksa ds fy,A
2-1-53 rkih; U;wVkª uW μ os U;wVkª uW tks ftl ekè;e esa fLFkr gSa
mlds v.kqvka ds lkFk vo'; gh mQ"eh; lkE; voLFkk esa gksAa
2-2 vU;ks U ; fØ;k,a
2-2-1 Øe fopfyr gksuk μ fdlh fØLVy tkyd esa fdlh
4
2.1.43 Delayed Neutrons — Neutrons emitted by
fission products in the process of their chain decay.
2.1.44 Fast Neutrons — Neutrons of kinetic energy
greater than some specified value. This value may vary
a wide range and will be dependent upon the
application, such as reactor physics, shielding, or
dosimetry. In reactor physics the value is frequently
chosen to be 0.1 MeV.
2.1.45 Resonance Neutrons — Neutrons of kinetic
energy between the energies of slow and fast neutrons.
In reactor physics the range might be 1 eV to 0.1
MeV.
2.1.46 Resonance Neutrons — Intermediate energy
neutrons having energies from eV region to keV region,
in which resonance of fissile and fertile materials lie.
2.1.47 Epicadmium Neutrons — Neutrons of kinetic
energy greater than the cadmium cut-off energy.
2.1.48 Cadmium Cut-Off — Neutron energy value
below which the transmission factor through a cadmium
sheet of specified thickness can be considered
negligible.
2.1.49 Effective Cadmium Cut-Off — That energy
value which, for a given experimental configuration,
is determined by the condition that, if a cadmium cover
surrounding a detector were replaced by a fictitious
cover opaque to neutrons with energy below this value
and transparent to neutrons with energy above this
value, the observed detector response would be
unchanged.
2.1.50 Subcadmium Neutrons — Neutrons of kinetic
energy less than the cadmium cut-off energy.
2.1.51 Slow Neutrons — Neutrons of kinetic energy
less than some specified value. This value may vary
over a wide range and will depend on the application,
such as reactor physics, shielding or dosimetry. In
reactor physics the value is frequently chosen to be
1 eV; in dosimetry the cadmium cut-off energy is used.
2.1.52 Epithermal Neutrons — Neutrons of kinetic
energy greater than that of thermal agitation; the term
is often restricted to energies just above thermal, that
is, energies comparable with those of chemical bonds.
2.1.53 Thermal Neutrons — Neutrons essentially in
thermal equilibrium with the molecules of the medium
in which they exist.
2.2 Interactions
2.2.1 Disordering — Displacement of an atom due to

ijek.kq dk vius LFkku ls fdlh fofdj.k ds dkj.k foLFkkiu
gksukA
2-2-2 foxuj izHkko μ ijek.kq HkV~Vh (fj,DVj) dh izfØ;k
esa mPp mQtkZ okys U;wVªkWuksa ;k vU; mQtkZ ;qDr d.kksa ds }kjk
tkyd esa ijek.kqvksa ds foLFkkiu ds iQyLo:i xzsiQkbV ds
HkkSfrd xq.kksa esa ifjorZu gksukA
2-2-3 vk;uhdj.k μ v.kqvksa ds foHkktu ds dkj.k] ;k
ijek.kqvksa] v.kqvksa esa bysDVªkWuksa ds tqM+us ;k muesa ls i`Fkd~
gksus] ;k v.kqvksa ds cuus ls vk;uksa dk cuukA
2-2-4 lEiw.kZ vk;uhdj.k
d) ,d xfr'khy d.k] tks vius iFk esa viuh leLr
xfrt mQtkZ O;; dj nsrk gS] rks mlds }kjk mRiUu
,d gh izdkj ds vk;uksa dk lEiw.kZ fo|qr vkos'kA
fdlh nh xbZ xSl ds fy, iw.kZ vk;uhdj.k yxHkx
mldh izkjfEHkd mQtkZ ds lekuqikrh gksrk gS] vkSj
vk;uhdkjd d.k dh izkÑfr ls yxHkx eqDr gksrk
gSA bldks izk;% fdlh d.k dh mQtkZ dh eki ds
:i esa iz;qDr fd;k tkrk gSA
[k) fdlh vkosf'kr d.k ds }kjk blds iz{ksi iFk ds
vuqfn'k mRiUu vk;u ;qXeksa dh dqy la[;kA
2-2-5 izkFkfed vk;uhdj.k μ ,d xf.k=k ukfydk esa vkifrr
fofdj.k }kjk] xSl ds dkj.k cgqxf.kr gksus ls iwoZ] mriUu
lEiw.kZ vk;uhdj.kA
2-2-6 fof'k"V vk;uhdj.k ;k js[kh; vk;uhdj.k (,d fcUnq
ij) μ fdlh fn, x, inkFkZ esa fdlh fofdj.k }kjk vius iFk
ij izfr ,dkad yEckbZ esa mRiUu vk;u ;qXeksa dh la[;kA
2-2-7 izdk'k fo|qr izHkko
d) fdlh fudk; esa c¼ bysDVªkWuksa dk mu ij vkifrr
iQksVkWu ds izHkko ls mRltZu ftleas iQksVkWu dh
leLr mQtkZ (h v) izR;sd mRlftZr bysDVªkWu ds
fy, vo'kksf"kr gks tkrh gSA
[k) tc ,d iQksVkWu fdlh ijek.kq ls Vdjkrk gS rc ijek.kq
eas ls c¼ bysDVªkuW dk mRltZu gksuk] ftlesa iQksVksu dh
leLr mQtkZ c¼ bysDVªkuW esa gLrkUrfjr gks tkrh gSA
x) og izfØ;k ftlesa ,d iQksVkWu fdlh ijek.kq ds
lkFk vU;ksU; fØ;k dj viuh leLr mQtkZ mlesa
c¼ ,d bysDVªkWu dks gLrkUrfjr dj nsrk gS]
iQyLo:i og mRlftZr gks tkrk gSA
2-2-8 izdk'k&ukfHkdh; vfHkfØ;k μ ,d iQksVkWu vkSj ,d
ukfHkd dh vU;ksU; fØ;k ds iQyLo:i gksus okyh ukfHkdh;
vfHkfØ;kA
2-2-9 ukfHkdh; fo?kVu μ U;wfDy;l dk :ikUrj.k] ftlesa
;g nks ;k vfèkd ukfHkdksa (U;wfDy;l) ;k d.kksa esa foHkkftr
gks tkrk gS] lkFk esa mQtkZ mRlftZr gksrh gSA ;g :ikUrj.k
5
vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967
radiation from the position it occupies in a crystal
lattice.
2.2.2 Wigner Effect — In reactor operation, the change
in physical properties of graphite resulting from
displacement of lattice atoms by high-energy neutrons
and other energetic particles.
2.2.3 Ionization — Ion formation by the division of
molecules or by the addition of electrons to or
separation of electrons from atoms, molecules or
formations of molecules.
2.2.4 Total Ionization
a) Total electric charge of ions of the same sign
produced by a moving particle which has lost
its entire kinetic energy in its path. Total
ionization for a given gas is nearly
proportional to the initial energy, and nearly
independent of the nature of the ionizing
particle. It is often used as a measure of the
energy of a particle.
b) Total number of ion pairs produced by a
charged particle along its trajectory.
2.2.5 Primary Ionization — In a counter tube, total
ionization produced by the incident radiation prior to
multiplication due to the gas.
2.2.6 Specific Ionization or Linear Ionization (at a
Point) — The number of 10ion pairs produced in a given
material by any radiation per unit length of its path.
2.2.7 Photoelectric Effect
a) Ejection of bound electrons of a system under
the influence of incident photons, in which all
the energy (h v) of a photon is absorbed for
every electron ejected.
b) Ejection of a bound electron from an atom
when a photon collides with the atom, in which
the entire energy is transferred to the bound
electron.
c) The process in which a photon interacts with
an atom transferring its entire energy to a
bound electron which is subsequently
ejected.
2.2.8 Photonuclear Reaction — Nuclear reaction
resulting from the ineraction between a photon and a
nucleus.
2.2.9 Nuclear Disintegration — Transformation of the
nucleus, involving a splitting into two or more nuclei
or particles with emission of energy; this
vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967
Lor% izofrZr gks ldrk gS vFkok fdlh U;wfDy;l ;k fdlh
d.k }kjk izsfjr gksdjA
2-2-10 fo?kVu fLFkjkad μ fdlh jsfM;ks,sfDVo ijek.kq ds
,d bdkbZ le; esa Lor% izofrZr fo?kVu gksus dh izkf;drkA
2-2-11 fo?kVu nj μ fdlh jsfM;ks,sfDVo inkFkZ ds izfr bdkbZ
le; esa gksus okys fo?kVuksa dh la[;kA
uks V μ lfØ;rk dh ladYiuk ,d 'kq¼ jsfM;ksU;wDykbM ds fy,
ifjHkkf"kr dh xbZ gS] fo?kVu nj dh ladYiuk jsfM;ks U;wDykbMksa ds
feJ.k ds fy, iz;qDr dh tkrh gSA
2-2-12 fo?kVu mQtkZ μ ukfHkdh; fo?kVu esa fueqDZ r mQtkZA
2-2-13 jsfM;ks,sfDVfoVh μ dqN U;wDykbMksa dk ,d xq.k
ftlds dkj.k blesa ls dqN d.k ;k xkek fofdj.k Lor%
mRlftZr gksrs gSa] vFkok U;wDykbM ds d{kh; bysDVªkWuksa dk
izxzg.k gksrk gSA
2-2-14 izkÑfrd jsfM;ks,sfDVfoVh μ izkÑfrd rRoksa dh Lor%
izofrZr jsfM;ks ,sfDVfoVhA
2-2-15 izsfjr jsfM;ks,sfDVfoVh μ U;wDykbMksa ij d.kksa ;k
fofdj.kksa dh ckSNkj djus ls mRiUu jsfM;ks ,sfDVfoVhA
2-2-16 jsfM;kslfØ; {k; μ fdlh U;wDykbM eas ls] xkek
fofdj.k lfgr ;k blds fcuk] d.kksa dk Lor% izofrZr
mRltZu gksus vFkok U;wDykbM ds ,d d{kh; bysDVªkWu dk
izxzg.k gksus ds dkj.k mldk :ikUrj.kA
2-2-17 lfØ;.k μ jsfM;ks,sfDVfoVh izsfjr djus dh izfØ;k]
mnkgj.kkFkZ] U;wVªkWu dh ckSNkj }kjkA
2-2-18 lfØ;rk (fdlh jsfM;kslfØ; U;wDykbM dh dqN
ek=kk dh (A) – ΔN ÷ Δt dk HkkxiQy] tgka ΔN bl nh xbZ
la[;k esa le; esa gksus okys fo?kVuksa dh la[;k Δt - A = ΔN/
Δt, tgk¡ Δt vR;Yi gSA
2-2-19 D;wjh (Ci) μ lfØ;rk dh ,d fo'ks"k ek=kdA
1 Ci = 3.7 × 1010 fo?kVu izfr lsd.M
2-2-20 fof'k"V lfØ;rk μ izfr bdkbZ nzO;eku dh ukfHkdh;
lfØ;rkA
2-2-21 bdkbZ vk;ru lfØ;rk μ izfr bdkbZ vk;ru dh
ukfHkdh; lfØ;rkA
2-2-22 lfØ;rk oØ μ fdlh jsfM;ks,fs DVo lzkrs dh lfØ;rk
dks le; ds iQyu ds :i esa n'kkZus okyk oØA
2-2-23 jsfM;ks,sfDVo v¼Z&vk;q μ fdlh ,dy jsfM;ks,sfDVo
{k; izfØ;k ds fy, og ekè; le; tks ml izfØ;k }kjk
lfØ;rk dk eku vkèkk gks tkus ds fy, vko';d gSA
2-2-24 pjèkkrkadh {k; (fdlh jk'kh dk) μ jkf'k A esa fu;e
ds vuqlkj ifjorZu%
A = Aoe–λ t
6
transformation can be spontaneous, or induced by a
nucleus or a particle.
2.2.10 Disintegration Constant — Probability that a
radioactive atom will disintegrate spontaneously in unit
time.
2.2.11 Disintegration Rate — Number of
disintegrations per unit time occurring in a radioactive
substance.
NOTE — The activity concept having been defined for a pure
radionuclide, that of disintegration rate is for use in the case of
a mixture of radionuclides.
2.2.12 Disintegration Energy — Energy released in a
nuclear disintegration.
2.2.13 Radioactivity — The property of certain nuclides
whereby particles or gamma radiation are
spontaneously emitted or whereby orbital electrons of
the nuclide are captured.
2.2.14 Natural Radioactivity — Spontaneous
radioactivity of natural elements.
2.2.15 Induced Radioactivity — Radioactivity caused
by bombarding nuclides with particles or radiation.
2.2.16 Radioactive Decay — Transformation of a
nuclide by spontaneous emission of particles with or
without the emission of gamma radiation or by capture
of an orbital electron of the nuclide.
2.2.17 Activation — Process of inducing radioactivity,
for example, by neutron bombardment.
2.2.18 Activity (of a Quantity of a Radioactive Nuclide)
(A) — The quotient of ΔN ÷ Δt, where ΔN is the number
of nuclear transformations which occur in this quantity
in time Δt. A = ΔN/Δt, where Δt is very small.
2.2.19 Curie (Ci) — The special unit of activity.
1 Ci = 3.7 × 1010 disintegrations per second
2.2.20 Specific Activity — Nuclear activity per unit
mass.
2.2.21 Unit-Volume Activity — Nuclear activity per unit
volume.
2.2.22 Activity Curve — Curve representing the activity
of a radioactive source as a function of time.
2.2.23 Radioactive Half-Life — For a single radioactive
decay process the mean time required for the activity
to decrease to half its value by that process.
2.2.24 Exponential Decay (of a Quantity) — Variation
of the quantity A in accordance with the law:
A = Aoe–λ t

tgka
jkf'k A o A0 Øe'k% ml le; t o 'kwU; ij eku gSaA λ
,d fLFkjkad gS tks A dh izÑfr vkSj ml izfØ;k ij
fuHkZj djrk gS ftlds dkj.k {k; gksrk gSA dHkh&dHkh
bls ^fLFkjkad* Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
2-2-25 ekè; vk;q μ fdlh ijekf.od vFkok ukfHkdh;
fudk; dh ,d fufnZ"V voLFkk esa vkSlr thou dkyA fdlh
pj?kkrkadh {k; gksus okys fudk; ds fy, ijek.kqvksa ;k
ukfHkdksa dh ,d fufnZ"V voLFkk eas la[;k dks ,d xq.kd e
}kjk de gksus ds fy, vko';d vkSlr le;A
2-2-26 U;wVªkWu dk folj.k μ ,d ?kVuk] ftlesa fdlh
ekè;e esa U;wVªkWuksa ds mÙkjksÙkj izdh.kZu o ekè;e ds ijek.kqvksa
;k v.kqvksa ls VDdjksa dh izfØ;k }kjk U;wVªkWu ,d {ks=k ls nwljs
{ks=k esa vfHkxeu dks izo`Ùk gksrs gSaA
2-2-27 U;wVªkWu ÝyDl ?kuRo ds fy, folj.k xq.kkad μ
fdlh fof'k"V mQtkZ ij U;wVªkWu èkkjk ?kuRo vkSj mlh mQtkZ ij
bl èkkjk dh fn'kk eas U;wVªkWu ÝyDl ?kURo dh ½.kkRed
izo.krk dk vuqikrA
2-2-28 fcYM&vi xq.kd μ fdlh ekè;e ls gksdj fofdj.k
ds izokg esa fdlh fcUnq dk ,d fof'k"V fofdj.k jkf'k dk
dqy eku rFkk blesa ml fcUnq ij fcuk dksbZ VDdj [kk,
igqapus okys fofdj.kksa ds ;ksxnku dk vuqikrA
2-2-29 ,YchMks (U;wVªkWu) μ fufnZ"V izfrcUèkksa ds vUrxZr
,d U;wVªkWu tks fdlh {ks=k esa ,d lrg esa gksdj izos'k djrk
gS] mlh lrg eas gksdj okil ykSVsxk] bldh izkf;drkA
2-2-30 {kj.k (fj,DVj fl¼kUr) μ ijek.kq HkV~Vh ds fdlh
Hkkx esa ls ml Hkkx dh lhekvksa ds vkj&ikj fudy tkus ls
gksus okyh U;wVªkWuksa dh usV {kfrA
2-2-31 izxgz .k μ dksbZ izfØ;k ftlds }kjk ,d ijekf.od
;k ukfHkdh; fudk; ,d vfrfjDr d.k izkIr dj ysrk gSA
2-2-32 fofdj.kdkjh izxzg.k μ ,d ,sls vkifrr d.k dk
izxgz .k] ftlds iQyLo:i γ - fdj.kksa dk mRltZu gksA
2-2-33 vuqukn Lrj μ ,d la;qDr U;wfDy;l dh mQtkZ dk
Lrj tks vuqukn mRiUu dj nsA
2-2-34 vuquknh izxzg.k μ ifj.kke la;qDr U;wfDy;l ds
vuqukn Lrj ij ,d vkifrr d.k dk izxgz .kA
2-2-35 U;wVªkWu vo'kks"k.k μ ukfHkdh; vU;ksU; fØ;k] ftlesa
vkifrr U;wVªkWu ,d eqDr d.k ds :i esa vn`'; gks tkrk gS]
;|fi blds i'pkr~ ,d ;k vfèkd U;wVªkWu vU; d.kksa ds lkFk
mRlftZr Hkh gksrs gSa] mnkgj.kkFkZ] fo[k.Mu izfØ;k esaA
7
vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967
where
A and Ao are the respective values of the quantity
at times t and zero. λ is a constant depending on
the nature of A and on the process that causes it
to decrease, sometimes referred to as the ‘decay
constant’.
2.2.25 Mean Life — The average lifetime for an atomic
or nuclear system in a specified state. For an
exponentially decaying system, the average time for
the number of atoms or nuclei in a specified state to
decrease by a factor of e.
2.2.26 Neutron Diffusion — A phenomenon in which
neutrons in a medium through process of successive
scattering collisions with the atoms or molecules of the
medium tend to migrate from one region to another.
2.2.27 Diffusion Coefficient for Neutron Flux Density
— The ratio of the neutron current density at a particular
energy to the negative gradient of the neutron flux
density at the same energy in the direction of that
current.
2.2.28 Build-up Factor — In the passage of radiation
through a medium, the ratio of the total value of a
specified radiation quantity at any point to the
contribution to that value from radiation reaching the
point without having undergone a collision.
2.2.29 Albedo (Neutron) — The probability under
specified conditions that a neutron entering into a region
through a surface will return through that surface.
2.2.30 Leakage (Reactor Theory) — The net loss of
neutrons from a region of a reactor by escape across
the boundries of the region.
2.2.31 Capture — Any process by which an atomic or
nuclear system acquires an additional particle.
2.2.32 Radiative Capture — Capture of an incident
particle resulting in the emission of γ - rays.
2.2.33 Resonance Level — Energy level of a compound
nucleus, giving rise to resonances.
2.2.34 Resonance Capture — Capture of an incident
particle at a resonance level of the resultant compound
nucleus.
2.2.35 Neutron Absorption — Nuclear interaction in
which the incident neutron disappears as a free particle
even when one or more neutrons are subsequently
emitted accompanied by other particles, for example,
in fission.
vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967
2-2-36 vuquknh vo'kks"k.k μ ifj.kkeh la;qDr U;wfDy;l dh
vuqukn Lrj ij fdlh vkifrr d.k dk vo'kks"k.kA
2-2-37 {kh.ku μ inkFkZ esa gksdj fofdj.k dk izokg gksus ij
inkFkZ ds lkFk lHkh izdkj dh vU;ksU; fØ;kvksa ds ifj.kkeLo:i
fofdj.k dh ek=kk esa deh gksukA fofdj.k dh ek=kk] mnkgj.kkFkZ]
d.kksa dk ÝyDl ?kuRo ;k mQtkZ ÝyDl ?kuRo gks ldrh gSaA
2-2-38 Hkh ns[ksa)A
(2-2-38
2-2-38 T;kferh; {kh.ku μ dsoy lzksr vkSj vHkh"V fcUnq ds
chp nwjh ds izHkko ds dkj.k fofdj.k dh ek=kk esa deh]
ftlesa fdlh mifLFkr inkFkZ dh vU;ksU; fØ;k dk izHkko
lfEefyr ugha gS (mnkgj.kkFkZ] ,d fcUnq&lzksr ds fy, O;qRØe
oxZ fu;e)A
2-2-39 {kh.ku xq.kkad μ fdlh inkFkZ dh Δx eksVkbZ dh
iryh ijr esa gksdj fdlh fufnZ"V fofdj.k dh lekUrj
fdj.k&iqat ds izokfgr gksus ij {kh.ku ds dkj.k i`Fkd~ gq,
va'k ds fy, in μΔx eas μ jkf'k ml inkFkZ dk {kh.k xq.kkad
gSA ;g ml fofdj.k dh mQtkZ dk ,d iQyu gSA Δx dks
yEckbZ] nzO;eku izfr ,dkad {ks=kiQy ;k eksy izfr ,dkad
{ks=kiQy esa O;Dr fd;k tk,] rks rnuqlkj gh μ js[kh;]
nzO;eku ;k eksyj {kh.ku xq.kkad dgykrk gSA
2-2-40 {kh.ku xq.kd μ fdlh fn, x, foU;kl esa fdlh
{kh.kdkjh dk; ds fy, og xq.kd ftlls fdlh vHkh"V fcUnq
ij fofdj.k dh ek=kk mlds lzksr vkSj vHkh"V fcUnq ds eè;
dk; dh vofLFkfr ds dkj.k de gksrh gSA
2-2-41 vo'kks"k.k
d) ,d ?kVuk] ftlesa vkifrr fofdj.kksa dh ,d
fdj.k&iqat viuh dqN vFkok leLr mQtkZ dks ml
inkFkZ dks gLrkUrfjd dj nsrh gS] ftlesa gksdj og
izokfgr gksrh gSA
uksV μ dkWEiVu izHkko dks vo'kks"k.k izfØ;k dk gh ,d
Hkkx ekuk tkrk gSA
[k) fdlh fufnZ"V d.k ds fy, ,d ijekf.od ;k
ukfHkdh; vU;ksU; fØ;k] ftlesa vkifrr d.k ,d
eqDrd.k ds :i eas foyqIr gks tkrk gS tcfd mlh
izdkj ds vFkok fHkUu izdkj ds ,d ;k vfèkd
d.k ijorhZ mRlftZr gksrs gSaA
uksV μ izdh.kZu dks vo'kks"k.k izfØ;k dk Hkkx ugha ekuk
tkrk gSA
2-2-42 pj?kkrkadh vo'kks"k.k μ fdlh inkFkZ esa gksdj izokfgr
gksus ij d.kksa ;k iQksVkWuksa dh fdj.k&iqat dh fofdj.k ek=kk
(d.k ÝyDl ?kuRo ;k mQtkZ ÝyDl ?kuRo) dk iQyu fu;e
osQ vuqlkj de gksuk%
I = I0e–μx
tgk¡
I = fdj.k iqat dk mQtkZ ÝyDl ?kuRo]
8
2.2.36 Resonance Absorption — Capture of an incident
particle at a resonance level of the resultant compound
nucleus.
2.2.37 Attenuation — The reduction of a radiation
quantity upon passage of radiation through matter
resulting from all types of interaction with the matter.
The radiation quantity may be, for example, the particle
flux density or the energy flux density (see also 2.2.38).
2.2.38 Geometric Attenuation — The reduction of a
radiation quantity due to the effect only of the distance
between the point of interest and the source, excluding
the effect of any matter present (for example, the inverse
square law for a point source).
2.2.39 Attenuation Coefficient — Of a substance, for
a parallel beam of specified radiation, is the quantity
μ in the expression μΔx for the fraction removed by
attenuation, in passing through a thin layer of thickness
Δx of that substance. It is a function of the energy of
the radiation. According as Δx is expressed in terms
of length, mass per unit area, or moles per unit area, μ
is called the linear, mass or molar attenuation
coefficient.
2.2.40 Attenuation Factor — For a given attenuating
body in a given configuration, the factor by which a
radiation quantity at some point of interest is reduced
owing to the interposition of the body between the
source of radiation and the point of interest.
2.2.41 Absorption
a) A phenomenon in which a beam of incident
radiation transfers to the matter which it
traverses some or all of its energy.
NOTE — The Compton effect is considered to be part
of the absorption process.
b) For a specified particle, an atomic or nuclear
interaction in which the incident particle
disappears as a free particle even when one
or more of the same or different particles are
subsequently emitted.
NOTE — Scattering is not considered to be part of the
absorption process.
2.2.42 Exponential Absorption — Decrease in
radiation quantity (particle flux densities or energy
flux density) of a beam of particles or photons during
its passage through matter in accordance with the
function:
I = I0 e–μx
where
I = the energy flux density of the beam,

x = ikj dh xbZ inkFkZ dh ek=kk dk eki]
I0 = izkjfEHkd mQtkZ ÝyDl ?kuRo] vkSj
μ = ;Fkksfpr vo'kks"k.k x.kkadA
2-2-43 vo'kks"k.k xq.kkad μ fdlh inkFkZ dh Δx eksVkbZ dh
iryh ijr esa gksdj fdlh fufnZ"V fofdj.k dh lekUrj
fdj.k iaqt ds izokfgr gksus ij vo'kksf"kr gq, va'k ds fy,
in μabsΔx esa jkf'k μabs ml inkFkZ dk vo'kks"k.k xq.kkad
dgykrk gSA ;g ml fofdj.k dh mQtkZ dk ,d iQyu gksrk
gSA Δx dks yEckbZ] nzO;eku izfr ,dkad {ks=kiQy ;k eksy izfr
,dkad {ks=k esa O;Dr fd;k tkrk gS] rnuqlkj gh μabs js[kh;]
nzO;eku ;k eksyj vo'kks"k.k xq.kkad dgykrk gSA
uksV μ ;g {kh.ku xq.kkad dk og Hkkx gksrk gS tks dsoy vo'kks"k.k
ds ifj.kkeLo:i gksrk gSA
2-2-44 izdh.kZu μ ,d izfØ;k] ftlesa fdlh d.k vFkok
d.kksa ds fudk; ls Vdjkus ds dkj.k vkifrr d.k dh fn'kk
;k mQtkZ es ifjorZu gks tkrk gSA
2-2-45 dyk lEc¼ izdh.kZu μ ,d izfØ;k ftlesa fofdj.k
dk izdh.kZu bl izdkj ls gksrk gS fd izdhf.kZr vkSj vkifrr
rjaxksa ds eè; ,d fuf'pr dyk lEcUèk gksrk gSA
2-2-46 dyk vlEc¼ izdh.kZu μ ,d izfØ;k ftlesa fofdj.k
dk izdh.kZu bl izdkj ls gksrk gS fd izdhf.kZr vkSj vkifrr
rjaxksa ds eè; ,d fuf'pr dyk lEcUèk gksrk gSA
2-2-47 izR;kLFk izdh.kZu μ ,d izdh.kZu fØ;k ftlesa izdhf.kZr
d.k dh mQtkZ nzO;eku&dsUnz fudk; esa vifjofrZr jgrh gSA
2-2-48 vizR;kLFk izdh.kZu μ ,d izdh.kZu fØ;k ftlesa
izdhf.kZr d.k dh mQtkZ nzO;eku dsUnz fudk; esa ifjofrZr gks
tkrhA ;g izfØ;k fuEukafdr fdlh ,d izdkj ls gks ldrh gS%
d) fofdj.kkRed vizR;kLFk izdh.kZu esa μ nzO;eku
dsUnz fudk; esa vkifrr d.k dh xfrt mQtkZ dk
dqN Hkkx y{; ukfHkd dks mÙksftr djus vkSj
mlds i'pkr~ ,d ;k vfèkd iQksVkWuksa ds mRltZu
}kjk vu&mÙksftr djus esa iz;qDr gks tkrk gSA
[k) mQ"eh; vizR;kLFk izdh.kZu esa μ mQtkZ dk vknku&iznku
,d eUnxkeh U;wVªkWu ;k fdlh vU; d.k vkSj
v.kqvksa ;k tkydksa ds eè; gksrk gS ftlds
ifj.kkeLo:i mudk ukfHkd cká mÙkstu gksrk gSA
2-2-49 eanu μ og izfØ;k ftlesa U;wVªkWu dh mQtkZ dks
izdh.kZu VDdjksa }kjk de fd;k tkrk gSA
2-2-50 ukfHkdh; lay;u vfHkfØ;k μ nks gYds ukfHkdksa ds
eè; vfHkfØ;k ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i vR;fèkd mQtkZ ds
lkFk&lkFk de&ls&de ,d ukfHkdh; fdLe fdlh Hkh izkjfEHkd
ukfHkd ls Hkkjh] mRiUu gksrh gSA
2-2-51 nzO;eku {kfr μ U;wfDy;l dh jpuk djus okys
U;wfDyvkWuksa ds nzO;ekuksa ds ;ksx vkSj U;wfDy;l ds nzO;eku
dk vUrjA
9
vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967
x = measure of the amount of matter traversed,
I0 = initial energy flux density, and
μ = appropriate absorption coefficient.
2.2.43 Absorption Coefficient — Of a substance, for a
parallel beam of specified radiation, the quantity μabs
in the expression μabs Δx for the fraction absorbed in
passing through a thin layer of thickness Δx of that
substance. It is function of the energy of the radiation.
According as Δx is expressed in terms of length, mass
per unit area, or moles per unit area, μabs is called the
linear, mass or molar absorption coefficient.
NOTE — It is that part of the attenuation coefficient resulting
from absorption processes only.
2.2.44 Scattering — A process in which a change in
direction or energy of an incident particle is caused by
a collision with a particle or a system of particles.
2.2.45 Coherent Scattering — A process in which
radiation is scattered in such a manner that a definite
phase relation exists between the scattered and incident
waves.
2.2.46 Incoherent Scattering — A process in which
radiation is scattered in such a manner that no definite
phase relation exists between the scattered and incident
waves.
2.2.47 Elastic Scattering —A scattering process in
which the energy of a scattered particle is unchanged
in the centre-of-mass system.
2.2.48 Inelastic Scattering —A scattering process in
which the energy of a scattered particle is changed in
the centre-of-mass system. This process can occur in
either of the following ways:
a) In radiactive inelastic scattering — some of
the kinetic energy of an incident particle in
the centre-of-mass system goes into excitation
of the target nucleus, follwed by subsequent
de-excitation through the emission of one or
more photons.
b) In thermal inelastic scattering — Energy is
exchanged between a slow neutron or any
other particle and molecules or lattices
resulting in their extranuclear excitation.
2.2.49 Moderation — The process by which neutron
energy is reduced through scattering collisions.
2.2.50 Nuclear Fusion Reaction — A reaction between
two light nuclei resulting in the production of at least
one nuclear species heavier than either initial nucleus,
together with excess energy.
2.2.51 Mass Defect — Difference between the sum of
the masses of the nucleons forming the nucleus and the
mass of the nucleus.
vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967
uksV μ ewyr% bl in ls rkRi;Z ijek.kq ds HkkSfrd nzO;eku vkSj
nzO;eku la[;k esa vUrj ls FkkA
2-2-52 cUèku mQtkZ
d) fdlh fudk; esa ,d d.k ds fy, μ bl d.k dks
fudk; esa ls fudkyus ds fy, vko';d usV mQtkZA
[k) fdlh fudk; ds fy, μ fudk; dks mlds vo;oh
d.kksa esa vi?kfVr djus ds fy, vko';d usV mQtkZA
2-2-53 moZj μ ,d U;wDykbM dk] tks izR;{k ;k ijks{k :i
ls U;wVªkWu izxzg.k }kjk fonY; U;wDykbM esa :ikUrfjr gks
ldrk gSA fdlh inkFkZ dk] ftlesa ,d ;k vfèkd moZj
U;wDykbM mifLFkr gksaA
2-2-54 fo[k.Muh; μ ,d U;wDykbM ftldk fdlh fofèk ls
fo[k.Mu fd;k tk ldsA vfèkdrj U;wVªkWu izxzg.k fofèk }kjk
fo[k.Mu fd;k tkrk gSA
2-2-55 ukfHkdh; fo[k.Mu μ ,d Hkkjh U;wfDy;l dk nks
(;k dHkh&dHkh vfèkd) yxHkx leku nzO;eku okys Hkkxksa esa
foHkkftr gksukA izk;% blds lkFk U;wVªkWu] xkek fdj.ksa o
dHkh&dHkh lw{e vkosf'kr ukfHkdh; [k.M Hkh mRlftZr gksrs gSAa
2-2-56 U;wVkª uW xq.ku μ og izfØ;k ftlls fdlh fo[k.Muh;
inkFkZ ;qDr ekè;e esa tc ,d U;wVkª uW dk izxgz .k gksrk gS rks ;g
fo[k.Mu }kjk vkSlru ,d ls vfèkd U;wVkª uW mRiUu djrk gSA
2-2-57 fo[k.Mu LisDVªe μ fo[k.Mudkjh U;wVªkWuksa dk mQtkZ
forj.kA
2-2-58 fo[k.Mu yfCèk μ izR;{k :i ls ;k vU; izkFkfed
fo[k.Mu mRiknksa ds fo?kVu ls] ,d fn, x, U;wDykbM ds
cuus ds fy, fo[k.Muksa dh la[;k vkSj fo[k.Muksa dh dqy
la[;k dk vuqikrA bls izfr'kr eas O;Dr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
2-2-59 izkFkfed fo[k.Mu yfCèk] izR;{k fo[k.Mu yfCèk ;k
LorU=k fo[k.Mu yfCèk μ fo[k.Mu }kjk izR;{k :i ls izkIr
fdlh U;wDykbM ds ukfHkdksa dh la[;k vkSj ukfHkdksa dh dqy
la[;k dk vuqikrA
2-2-60 lap;h fo[k.Mu yfCèk μ fo[k.Mu esa ,d fufnZ"V
le; rd izR;{k ;k ijks{k :i ls mRiUu fdlh fn, x,
U;wDykbM ds ukfHkdksa dh la[;k vkSj budh dqy la[;k dk
vuqikrA ;fn dksbZ fufnZ"V ugha gks rks yfCèk dk eku mixkeh
ekuk tkrk gSA
2-2-61 Ük`a[kyk fo[k.Mu yfCèk μ fdlh fof'k"V nzO;eku
la[;k ds fy, ml nzO;eku la[;k ds lHkh leHkkfjdksa dh
LorU=k fo[k.Mu yfCèk;ksa dk ;ksxA
2-2-62 rhoz fo[k.Mu μ rhozxkeh U;wVªkWuksa }kjk fd;k x;k
fo[k.MuA
2-2-63 rkRdkfyd U;wVªkWu izHkkt μ izfr fo[k.Mu rkRdkfyd
U;wVkª uW ksa dh vkSle la[;k vkSj izfr fo[k.Mu U;wVkª uW ksa (rkRdkfyd
+ foyfEcr) dh dqy vkSlr la[;k dk vuqikrA
10
NOTE — Originally this expression meant the difference
between the physical atomic mass and the mass number.
2.2.52 Binding energy
a) For a particle in the system — The net energy
required to remove it from the system.
b) For a system — The net energy required to
decompose it into its constituent particles.
2.2.53 Fertile — Of a nuclide, capable of being
transformed, directly or indirectly, into a fissile nuclide
by neutron capture. Of a material, containing one or
more fertile nuclides.
2.2.54 Fissionable — Of a nuclide, capable of
undergoing fission by any process. Neutron capture is
the most frequent cause of fission.
2.2.55 Nuclear Fission — The division of a heavy
nucleus into two (or sometimes more) parts with masses
of equal order of magnitude; usually accompanied by
the emission of neutrons, gamma rays, and, sometimes
small charged nuclear fragments.
2.2.56 Neutron Multiplication — The process in which
a neutron when it is captured produces on the average
through fission more than one neutron in a medium
containing fissionable material.
2.2.57 Fission Spectrum — Energy distribution of
fission neutrons.
2.2.58 Fission Yield — Ratio of the number of fissions
leading to a given nuclide, in a direct manner or by
disintegration of other primary fission products, to the
total cumber of fissions. It may be expressed in percent.
2.2.59 Primary Fission Yield, Direct Fission Yield or
Independent Fission Yield — Ratio of number of nuclei
of a given nuclide directly produced in fission to the
total.
2.2.60 Cumulative Fission Yield — The ratio of number
of nuclei of a given nuclide, either directly or indirectly
produced in fission up to a specified time, to the total.
If no time is specified, the yield is considered to be the
asymptotic value.
2.2.61 Chain Fission Yield — For a particular mass
number is the sum of the independent fission yields for
all isobars of that mass number.
2.2.62 Fast Fission — Fission caused by fast
neutrons.
2.2.63 Prompt Neutron Fraction — The ratio of the
mean number of prompt neutrons per fission to the
mean total number of neutrons (prompt plus delayed)
per fission.

2-2-64 foyfEc U;wVªkWu izHkkt μ izfr fo[k.Mu foyfEcr
U;wVkª uW ksa dh vkSlr la[;k vkSj izfr fo[k.Mu U;wVkª uW ksa (rkRdkfyd
+ foyfEcr)dh dqy vkSlr la[;k dk vuqikrA
2-2-65 izHkkoh foyfEcr U;wVªkWu izHkkt μ foyfEcr U;wVªkWu
}kjk fo[k.Muksa dh vkSlr la[;k vkSj foyfEcr o rkRdkfyd
lHkh U;wVªkWuksa }kjk dqy fo[k.Muksa dh vkSlr la[;k dk vuqikrA
fVIi.kh μ izHkkoh foyfHor U;wVªkWu izHkkt izk;% okLrfod foyfEcr
U;wVªkWu izHkko ls cM+k gksrk gSA
2-2-66 fonY; μ fdlh U;wDykbM dk] ftldk mQ"eh;
U;wVªkWuksa dh vU;ksU; fØ;k }kjk fo[k.Mu fd;k tk ldsA
2-2-67 m"eh; fo[k.Mu μ rkih; U;wVkª uW ksa fd;k x;k fo[k.MuA
2-3 vuq i z L Fk dkV (ifj{ks = k)
2-3-1 vuqizLFk dkV ;k lw{e vuqizLFk dkV ifj{ks=k μ ,d
vkifrr fofdj.k vkSj yf{kr d.k vFkok d.kksa ds fudk; ds
eè; fdlh fufnZ"V vU;ksU; fØ;k ds gksus dh izkf;drk dk
,d ekiA ;g fdlh fufnZ"V izfØ;k ds fy, yf{kr izfr d.k
vfHkfØ;k dh nj dks vkifrr fofdj.k ds ÝyDl ?kURo ls
Hkkx nsus ij izkIr gksrh gSA
uksV μ tc vU;Fkk mYys[k ugha fd;k x;k gks] rks in vuqizLFk dkV
ifj{ks=k dk rkRi;Z lw{e vuqizLFk dkV ifj{ks=k gh gksxkA
2-3-2 ckuZ μ ukfHkdh; vuqiLz Fk dkV ifj{ks=k dks O;Dr djus ds
fy, iz;Dq r {ks=kiQy dh ,d ek=kd (1 ckuZ = 10-24 lseh-2)A
2-3-3 LFkwy ifj{ks=k μ ijek.kq HkV~Vh HkkSfrdh esa ;g in
yf{kr d.kksa ds ,d fufnZ"V lewg ds fy, iz;qDr fd;k
tkrk gSA ;g yf{kr inkFkZ ds izfr ,dkad vk;ru esa gksus okyh
,d izdkj dh vU;ksU; fØ;k ls lEcfUèkr ifj{ks=kksa (vuqizLFk
dkVksa) dk ;ksx gksrk gSA
2-3-4 lfØ;.k izkf;drk {ks=k μ ,d fufnZ"V vU;ksU; fØ;k }kjk
jsfM;ksU;wDykbM cuus ds fy, miyCèk vuqiLz Fk dkV (ifj{ks=k)A
2-3-5 foHksnh ifj{ks=k (vuqizLFk dkV) μ ,d vU;ksU; fØ;k
ds fy,] ftlesa fufnZ"V fn'kk ;k mQtkZ ds ,d ;k vfèkd
fu"dkflr d.k fyIr gksa] ?ku dks.k ;k mQtkZ ds izfr ,dkad
vUrjky esa ifj{ks=k (vuqizLFk dkV)A
2-3-6 MkWIyjμvkSlr vuqizLFk dkV (ifj{ks=k) μ yf{kr d.kksa
dh rkih; xfr ds izHkko dks lfEefyr djrs gq,] leqfpr Hkkj
iznku djus okys dkjdksa dk iz;ksx dj mQtkZ ds vuqlkj izkIr
vkSlr ifj{ks=k_ bl izdkj izkIr vkSlr ifj{ks=k vkSj iz;ksx'kkyk
ds fudk; esa ÝyDl ?kURo dk xq.kuiQy vfHkfØ;k osx dk
lgh eku gksrk gSA
2-3-7 rkih; ifj{ks=k (vuqizLFk dkV) μ rkih; U;wVªkWuksa }kjk
vU;ksU; fØ;k ds fy, vuqizLFk dkV ifj{ks=kA
uksV μ pwafd rkih; U;wVªkWuksa dh mQtkZ dk forj.k fHkUu&fHkUu
ifjfLFkfr;ksa ea tSls fofHkUu rkiØeksa ij] fHkUu&fHkUu gksrk gS] vr%
11
vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967
2.2.64 Delayed Neutron Fraction — The ratio of the
mean number of delayed neutrons per fission to the
mean total number of neutrons (prompt plus delayed)
per fission.
2.2.65 Effective Delayed Neutron Fraction — The
ratio of the mean number of fission caused by delayed
neutrons to the mean total number of fissions caused
by delayed plus prompt neutrons.
NOTE — The effective delayed neutron fraction is generally
larger than the actual delayed neutron fraction.
2.2.66 Fissile — Of a nuclide, capable of undergoing
fission by interaction with thermal neutrons.
2.2.67 Thermal Fission — Fission caused by thermal
neutrons.
2.3 Cross-Sections
2.3.1 Cross-Section or Microscopic Cross-Section —
A measure of the probability of a specified interaction
between an incident radiation and a target particle or
system of particles. It is the reaction rate per target
particle for a specified process divided by the flux
density of the incident radiation (microscopic cross-
section).
NOTE — Unless otherwise qualified the term ‘Cross-Section’
shall mean ‘Microscopic Cross-Section’.
2.3.2 Barn — A unit of area used in expressing a nuclear
cross-section (1 barn = 10–24 cm2).
2.3.3 Macroscopic Cross-Sections — In reactor physics
the term is applied to a specified group of target
particles and implies sum of the cross-sections related
to a certain type of interaction per unit volume of the
target matter.
2.3.4 Activation Cross-Section — The cross-section for
the formation of a radionuclide by a specified
interaction.
2.3.5 Differential Cross-Section — The cross-section
for an interaction process involving one or more
outgoing particles with specified direction or energy
per unit interval of solid angle or energy.
2.3.6 Doppler-Averaged Cross-Section — A cross-
section averaged over energy, employing appropriate
weighting factors, to take into account the effect of
thermal motion of the target particles such that the
product of the average cross-section so obtained and
the flux density in the laboratory system gives the
correct reaction rate.
2.3.7 Thermal Cross-Section — The cross-section for
interaction by thermal neutrons.
NOTE — Since thermal neutrons have different energy
distributions in different situations (for example, at different
vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967
;g ,d ifj'kq¼ in ugha gS] vkSj blh dkj.k ls lkekU;r% 2 200 m/s
U;wVªkWuksa ds fy, ifj{ks=kksa dk mYys[k fd;k tkrk gSA
2-3-8 izHkkoh rkih; ifj{ks=k ;k oSLVdkWV ifj{ks=k μ fdlh
vU;ksU; fØ;k ds fy, ,d dfYir ifj{ks=k] ftldks :<+
ÝyDl ?kuRo ls xq.kk djus ij vfHkfØ;k dh lgh nj izkIr
gksrh gSA
uksV μ bl in mi;ksx izk;% iw.kZr% eafnr fudk; esa fo[k.Mu ;k
izxzg.k rd ds fy, lhfer gksrk gSA
2-3-9 izdh.kZu ifj{ks=k μ izdh.kZu fØ;k ds fy, ifj{ks=kA
2-3-10 dyk&lEc¼ izdh.kZu ifj{ks=k μ dyk lEc¼ fØ;k
ds fy, ifj{ks=kA
2-3-11 dykvlEc¼ izdh.kZu ifj{ks=k μ dyk&vlEc¼
izdh.kZu fØ;k ds fy, ifj{ks=kA
2-3-12 izR;kLFk izdh.kZu ifj{ks=k μ izR;kLFk izdh.kZu fØ;k
ds fy, ifj{ks=kA
2-3-13 vizR;kLFk izdh.kZu ifj{ks=k μ vizR;kLFk izdh.kZu
fØ;k ds fy, ifj{ks=kA
2-3-14 fofdj.kkRed vizR;kLFk izdh.kZu ifj{ks=k μ
fofdj.kkRed vizR;kLFk izdh.kZu fØ;k ds fy, ifj{ks=kA
2-3-15 rkih; vizR;kLFk izdh.kZu ifj{ks=k μ rkih; vizR;kLFk
izdh.kZu fØ;k ds fy, ifj{ks=kA
2-3-16 vfHkxeu ifj{ks=k μ lEiw.kZ ifj{ks=k esa ls izdh.kZu
ifj{ks=k vkSj iz;ksx'kkyk ds fudk; esa izdh.kZu dks.k ds
vkSlr dkslkbu ds xq.kiQy dks ?kVkus ls izkIr ifj{ks=kA LFkwy
vfHkxeu ifj{ks=k dk O;qRØe ekè; eqDr iFk gksrk gSA
2-3-17 lewg vUrj.k izdh.kZu ifj{ks=k μ mQtkZ lewg lajpuk
dk ,d vfHky{kf.kd] Hkkfjr eè; ifj{ks=k] tks izdh.kZu }kjk
U;wVkª uW ksa ds ,d fufnZ"V lewg ls nwljs fufnZ"V lewg esa LFkkukUrfjr
gksus dh O;k[;k djrk gSA ;g vius laxr lewg vUrj.k
izdh.kZu eSfVªDl dk ,d vo;o gksrk gSA
2-3-18 lewg fu"dklu ifj{ks=k μ ,d mQtkZ lewg dk
vfHkyk{kf.kd Hkkfjr eè; ifj{ks=k] tks ml lewg esa ls lHkh
fØ;kvksa }kjk U;wVªkWuksa ds fu"dklu ds fy, mÙkjnk;h gksrk
gSA
2-3-19 vizR;kLFk (vU;ksU; fØ;k) ifj{ks=k μ lEiw.kZ ifj{ks=k
vkSj izR;kLFk izdh.kZu ifj{ks=k dk vUrjA
uksV μ ;g vizR;kLFk ifj{ks=k vizR;kLFk izdh.kZu ifj{ks=k ls fHkUu gSA
2-3-20 izxzg.k ifj{ks=k μ izxzg.k fØ;k ds fy, ifj{ks=kA
12
temperatures), this is not a precise term, and for this reason
cross-sections for 2 200 m/s neutrons are commonly quoted.
2.3.8 Effective Thermal Cross-Section or Westcott
Cross-Section — A fictitious cross-section for a
specified interaction which when multiplied by the
conventional flux density gives the correct reaction rate.
NOTE — The use of this term is usually restricted to capture
and fission in well-moderated systems.
2.3.9 Scattering Cross-Section — The cross-section for
the scattering process.
2.3.10 Coherent Scattering Cross-Section — The cross-
section for the coherent scattering process.
2.3.11 Incoherent Scattering Cross-Section — The
cross-section for the incoherent scattering process.
2.3.12 Elastic Scattering Cross-Section — The cross-
section for the elastic scattering process.
2.3.13 Inelastic Scattering Cross-Section — The cross-
section for the inelastic scattering process.
2.3.14 Radiative Inelastic Scattering Cross-Section —
The cross-section for the radiactive inelastic scattering
process.
2.3.15 Thermal Inelastic Scattering Cross-Section —
The cross-section for the thermal inelastic scattering
process.
2.3.16 Transport Cross-Section — The total cross-
section less the product of the scattering cross-section
and the average cosine of the scattering angle in the
laboratory system. The reciprocal of the macroscopic
transport cross-section is the transport mean free path.
2.3.17 Group Transfer Scattering Cross-Section — The
weighted average ‘cross-section’, characteristic of the
energy group structure, that will account for the transfer
of neutrons by scattering from one specified group to
another specified group. It is one element of the
corresponding group transfer scattering matrix.
2.3.18 Group Removal Cross-Section — The weighted
average ‘cross-section’, characteristic of an energy
group, that will account for the removal of neutrons
from that group by all processes.
2.3.19 Non-elastic (Interaction) Cross-Section — The
difference between the total cross-section and the elastic
scattering cross-section.
NOTE — The non-elastic cross-section is different from the
inelastic scattering cross-section.
2.3.20 Capture Cross-Section — The cross-section for
the capture process.

2-3-21 fofdj.kkRed izxzg.k ifj{ks=k μ fofdj.kkRed izxgz .k
fØ;k ds fy, ifj{ks=kA
2-3-22 U;wVªkWu vo'kks"k.k ifj{ks=k μ U;wVªkWu ds vo'kks"k.k dh
fØ;k ds fy, ifj{ks=kA ;g lEiw.kZ ifj{ks=k vkSj izdh.kZu
ifj{ks=k dk vUrj gksrk gSA
2-3-23 fo[k.Mu ifj{ks=k μ fo[k.Mu fØ;k ds fy, ifj{ks=kA
2-3-24 ,YiQk vuqikr μ fo[k.Mu ;ksX; ukfHkdksa ds fy,
iz;qDr] fofdj.kkRed izxzg.k ifj{ks=k vkSj fo[k.Mu ifj{ks=k
dk vuqikrA
2-3-25 lEiw.kZ ifj{ks=k μ vkifrr fofdj.k vkSj fdlh
fufnZ"V y{; ds eè; lHkh fofHkUu vU;ksU; fØ;kvksa ds fy,
ifj{ks=kksa dk ;ksxiQyA
3 ijek.kq HkV~ V h (fj,DVj) dk fl¼kUr
3-1 U;wVªkWuksa ls lEcfUèkr in
3-1-1 ekè; eqDr iFk μ ,d fufnZ"V izdkj ds d.kksa }kjk
fdlh ekè;e esa fufnZ"V izdkj (;k izdkjksa)dh vU;ksU;
fØ;k ls iwoZ pyh xbZ vkSlr nwjhA bl izdkj ekè; eqDr iFk
lHkh vU;ksU; fØ;kvksa ds fy, fufnZ"V fd;k tk ldrk gS
(;Fkk lEiw.kZ ekè; eqDr iFk) vFkok fdUgha fo'ks"k izdkj
dh vU;ksU; fØ;k] tSls izdh.kZu] izxzg.k ;k vk;uu] ds
fy,A
3-1-2 vfHkxeu ekè; eqDr iFk μ LFkwy vfHkxeu ifj{ks=k
dk O;qRØeA
3-1-3 eanu {ks=k μ ,d vuUr lekax ekè;e esa U;wVªkWuksa }kjk
vius mn~xe fcUnqvka ls mu fcUnqvkas rd] tgk¡ mudh xfr
izkjfEHkd mQtkZ ls ,d fufnZ"V mQtkZ rd de gks tkrh gS]
pyh xbZ ekè; oxZ nwjh dk 1@6 HkkxA
3-1-4 eanu yEckbZ (nwjh) μ eanu {ks=k dk oxZewyA
3-1-5 folj.k {ks=k μ ,d vuUr lekax ekè;e eas ,d fn,
x, izdkj o Js.kh ds d.k }kjk (mlh izdkj o Js.kh ds
vUrxZr)izdV gksus ls ysdj vn`'; gks tkus rd pyh xbZ
ekè; oxZ nwjh dk 1@6 HkkxA
3-1-6 folj.k nwjh (yEckbZ) μ folj.k {ks=k dk oxZewyA
3-1-7 vfHkxeu {ks=k μ fo[k.Mu mQtkZ ls mQ"eh; mQtkZ rd
eanu {ks=k vkSj rkih; U;wVªkWuksa ds folj.k {ks=k dk ;ksxiQyA
3-1-8 vfHkxeu nwjh μ vfHkxeu {ks=k dk oxZewyA
3-1-9 fu'ps"Vrk μ ,d lUnHkZ mQtkZ vkSj ,d U;wVªkWu dh
mQtkZ ds vuqikr dk izkÑr y?kqx.kdA
3-1-10 vkSlr y?kqx.kdh; mQtkZ vi{k; μ izfr U;wVªkWu
VDdj fu'ps"Vrk esa o`f¼ dk vkSlr ekuA
13
vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967
2.3.21 Radiative Capture Cross-Section — The cross-
section for the radiative capture process.
2.3.22 Neutron Absorption Cross-Section — The cross-
section for the neutron absorption process. It is the
difference between the total cross-section and the
scattering cross-section.
2.3.23 Fission Cross-Section — The cross-section for
the fission process.
2.3.24 Alpha Ratio — As applied to fissionable nuclei,
the ratio of the radiative capture cross-section to the
fission cross-section.
2.3.25 Total Cross-Section — The sum of the cross-
sections for all the separate interactions between the
incident radiation and a specified target.
3 REACTOR THEORY
3.1 Expressions Relating to Neutrons
3.1.1 Mean Free Path — The average distance that
particles of a specified type travel before a specified
type (or types) of interaction in a given medium. The
mean free path may thus be specified for all
interactions (such as total mean free path) or for
particular types of interaction such as scattering,
capture or ionization.
3.1.2 Transport Mean Free Path — The reciprocal of
the macroscopic transport cross-section.
3.1.3 Slowing-Down Area — One-sixth of the mean
square distance traveled by neutrons in an infinite
homogeneous medium from their points of origin to
the points where they have been slowed down from
the initial energy to a specified energy.
3.1.4 Slowing-Down Length — The square root of the
slowing-down area.
3.1.5 Diffusion Area — One-sixth of the mean square
distance travelled by a particle of a given type and
class from appearance to disappearance (within the
type and class) in an infinite homogeneous medium.
3.1.6 Diffusion Length — The square root of the
diffusion area.
3.1.7 Migration Area — The sum of the slowing-down
area from fission energy to thermal energy and the
diffusion area for thermal neutrons.
3.1.8 Migration Length — The square root of the
migration area.
3.1.9 Lethargy — The natural logarithm of the ratio
of a reference energy to the energy of a neutron.
3.1.10 Average Logarithmic Energy Decrement — The
mean value of the increase in lethargy per neutron
collision.
vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967
3-1-11 eanu 'kfDr μ fdlh fn, x, ekè;e ds fy,] vkSlr
y?kqx.kdh; mQtkZ vi{k; vkSj LFkwy U;wVªkWu izdh.kZu ifj{ks=k
dk xq.kuiQyA
3-1-12 U;wVªkWu mQtkZ lewg μ LosPN x`ghr mQtkZ vUrjkyksa ds
eè; mQtkZvksa ls ;qDr U;wVªkWuksa ds lewgksa dk ,d leqPp;A
izR;sd lewg dks mlesa U;wVªkWuksa ds vfHky{k.k ds fy, izHkkoh
eku iznku fd, tk ldrs gSaA
3-1-13 cgqlewg ekWMy (izfr:i) μ ,d ,slk ekWMy (izfr:i)
tks lexz U;wVªkWuksa dks mQtkZ lewgksa dh ,d fuf'pr la[;k esa
foHkkftr djrk gS_ izR;sd lewg dh ,d izHkkoh mQtkZ fufnZ"V
dh xbZ gksrh gSA
3-1-14 mRiknu dky μ fo[k.Mu ls mRiUu U;wVªkWuksa }kjk
vU; fo[k.Mu fØ;k djkus ds fy, vko';d vkSlr le;A
3-1-15 U;wVªkWu pØ μ ijek.kq HkV~Vh esa fo[k.Mu ls izkjEHk
gksdj fujUrj fØ;k djrs gq, vUr esa tc rd {kj.k (yhd)
gksdj ckgj u fudy tk,] ;k vo'kksf"kr u gks tk,] rc rd
U;wVªkWuksa dh vkSlr mQtkZ] vU;ksU; fØ;k vkSj vfHkxeu dk
fooj.kA
3-1-16 U;wVªkWuksa dh ferO;;h O;oLFkk μ ijek.kq HkV~Vh esa
U;wVªkWuksa ds mRinu] vkSj muds yqIr gksus] rFkk blls lEcfUèkr
leL;kvksa dk lUrqfyr ys[kkA
3-1-17 fdj.k&iqat μ fo|qr fofdj.kksa ;k d.kksa dk ,dfn'kh;
vFkok yxHkx ,dfn'kh; izokgA
3-1-18 U;wVªkWu ;k d.kh; èkkjk ?kuRo μ ,d lfn'k] ftldk
fdlh i`"B ds yEcor~ ?kVd ml i`"B ls èkukRed fn'kk esa
izfr ,dkad {ks=kiQy esa gksdj izfr ,dkad le; esa xqtjus okys
d.kksa dh usV la[;k gksrk gSA
3-1-19 U;wVªkWu (la[;k) ?kuRo μ izfr ,dkad vk;ru eas
eqDr U;wVªkWuksa dh la[;kA mQtkZ vkSj fn'kk tSls izkpyuksa ls
vfHkyf{kr U;wVªkWuksa ds fy, vkaf'kd ?kuRo Hkh ifjHkkf"kr fd,
tk ldrs gSaA
3-1-20 d.kèkkjk izokg ;k èkkjk izokg μ vUrjkdk'k esa fdlh
fu;r fcUnq ij ,dkad {ks=kiQy ds xksys ij ,d fu;r le;
vUrjky esa vkfrr d.kksa ;k iQksVkWuksa dh la[;kA
3-1-21 d.k ÝyDl ?kuRo (ϕ) ;k ÝyDl μ vUrjkdk'k esa
fdlh fu;r fcUnq ij ,dkad {ks=kiQy ds xksys ij izfr ,dkad
le; esa vkifrr d.kksa ;k iQksVkWuksa dh la[;kA ;g d.k ?kuRo
vkSj vkSlr pky ds xq.kuiQy ds lerqY; gksrh gSA bl in dks
lkekU;r% ÝyDl dgk tkrk gSA
3-1-22 fofdj.k mQtkZ ÝyDl ?kURo (I) μ vUrjkdk'k esa
fdlh fcUnq ij ,dkad {ks=kiQy ds ,d xksys ij izfr ,dkad
{ks=kiQy ds xksys esa izfr ,dkad le; esa izos'k djus okyh
mQtkZ jkf'kA
14
3.1.11 Slowing-Down Power — For a given medium,
the product of the average logarithmic energy
decrement and the macroscopic neutron scattering
cross-section.
3.1.12 Neutron Energy Group — One of a set of groups
consisting of neutrons having energies within
arbitrarily chosen intervals. Each group may be
assigned effective values for the characteristics of the
neutrons within the group.
3.1.13 Multigroup Model — A model which divides
the neutron population into a finite number of energy
groups with each group being assigned a single
effective energy.
3.1.14 Generation Time — The mean time required
for neutrons arising from fission to produce other
fissions.
3.1.15 Neutron Cycle — The average energy,
interaction and migration history of neutrons in a
reactor, beginning with fission and continuing until
they have leaked out or have been absorbed.
3.1.16 Neutron Economy — Balance account, in a
reactor, of the neutrons created and the neutrons lost,
and problems related thereto.
3.1.17 Beam — A unidirectional, or nearly
unidirectional, flow of electromagnetic radiation or
of particles.
3.1.18 Neutron or Particle Current Density — A vector
such that its component along the normal to a surface
equals the net number of particles crossing that surface
in the positive direction per unit area per unit time.
3.1.19 Neutron (Number) Density — The number of
free neutrons per unit volume. Partial densities may
be defined for neutrons characterized by such
parameters as energy and direction.
3.1.20 Particle Fluence or Fluence — At a given point
in space, the number of particles or photons incident
during a given time interval on a sphere of unit area.
It is identical with the time integral of the flux density.
3.1.21 Particle Flux Density (ϕ) or Flux — At a given
point in space, the number of particles or photons
incident per unit time on a sphere of unit area. It is
identical with the product of the particle density and
the average speed. The term is commonly called ‘Flux’.
3.1.22 Radiant Energy Flux Density (I) — At a given
point in space, the quantity of energy per unit time
entering on a sphere of unit area.

3-1-23 :<+ ÝyDl ?kuRo ;k 2 200 ehVj izfr lsd.M ÝyDl
?kuRo μ ,d dfYir ÝyDl ?kuRo] tks izfr ?ku lsUVhehVj esa
T;wVkª uW ksa dh dqy la[;k vkSj U;wVkª uW ds osx 2.2×105 lsUVhehVj
izfr lsd.s M ds xq.kuisQy ds rqY; gksrk gSA
3-1-24 vk;q
d) mQtkZ (E) ij U;wVªkWu ÝyDl ?kUro (ÝyDl vk;q)
ds izlkekU;Ñr f}rh; LFkkfud vk?kw.kZ dk 1@6
Hkkx] vFkok lenSf'kd U;wVªkWuksa ds ,d fcUnq lzksr ds
fy, mQtkZ (E) (eanu vk;q)ls vkxs U;wVªkWu dk
eanu ?kuRo] vFkkZr~
1 f μ r 2 f ( E , r ) r 2 dr
t ( E )= 0 μ
6 f 0 f ( E , r ) r 2 dr
tgka
τ = lzksr ls f=kT;h; nwjh] vkSj
f (E, r) = U;wVªkWu ÝyDl ?kuRo] vFkok U;wVªkWu eanu
?kuRo (tks leqfpr gks)A
[k) tc eanu dk iQehZ vk;q fl¼kUr vuqiz;qDr gks] rks
vk;q dk eku (fdlh lemQthZ lzksr ds fy, mQtkZ
E0 ij) iQthZ vk;q ds fuEufyf[kr O;atd }kjk
izkIr gksrk gS&
Eo D( E ¢) dE ¢
t ( E , Eo ) = Ú Eo
tgka
E xi S s ( E ¢) E ¢
E' = U;wVªkWu dh mQtkZ]
D = U;wVªkWu ÝyDl ?kuRo dk folj.k xq.kkad]
xi = vkSlr ykWxsfjFeh; mQtkZ vi{k;] vkSj
Σs = izfr ,dkad vk;ru izdh.kZu ifj{ks=kA
3-1-25 vykHkdkjh ?kVd μ ,d ijek.kq HkV~Vh ;k lSy eas]
fdlh inkFkZ esa vkSlr U;wVªkWu ÝyDl ?kuRo vkSj b±èku esa
vkSlr U;wVªkWu ÝyDl ?kuRo dk vuqikrA izk;% ;g in eand
inkFkZ vkSj rkih; U;wVªkWu ÝyDl ?kURo ds lUnHkZ esa iz;qDr
gksrk gSA
3-2 ijek.kq HkV~ V h (fj,DVj) ls lEcfUèkr in
3-2-1 ukfHkdh; mQtkZ μ ukfHkdh; vfHkfØ;kvksa ;k laØe.kksa
esa mUeksfpr mQtkZA
3-2-2 ukfHkdh; Ük`a[kyk fØ;k (vFkok vfHklkjh fØ;k) μ
Øfed :i ls gksus okyh ,d leku ukfHkdh; fØ;k dh
Ük`a[kyk] ftlesa izR;sd fØ;k ds izR;sd tuu eas ,d ;k vfèkd
og dkj.k d.k mRiUu gksrs gSa] tks mlh izdkj dh vkxkeh
fØ;k dks pkyw dj ldrs gSaA
3-2-3 vilj.k μ le; ds lkFk vfHkfØ;k osx dk c<+ukA
3-2-4 fj,DVj dk le; fu;rkad vFkok fj,DVj dky μ ,d
fj,DVj (ijek.kq HkV~Vh)esa U;wVªkWu ÝyDl ?kuRo ds xq.kd e
(2.718...) }kjk ifjofrZr gksus ds fy, vko';d le;A
15
vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967
3.1.23 Conventional Flux Density or 2 200 Metre per
Second Flux Density — A fictitious flux density equal
to the product of the total number of neutrons per cubic
centimeter and a neutron speed of 2.2 × 105 centimetres
per second.
3.1.24 Age
a) One-sixth of the normalized second spatial
moment of the neutron flux density (flux age)
at energy E, or the neutron slowing-down
density past energy E (slowing-down age), for
a point isotropic neutron source, that is
1 f 0μ r 2 f ( E , r ) r 2 dr
t (E) =
6 f 0μ f ( E , r ) r 2 dr
where
τ = radial distance from the source, and
f (E, r) = either the neutron flux density or
the neutron slowing-down density
as appropriate.
b) When Fermi age theory of slowing-down is
applicable, the value of the age is given by
the following expression for the Fermi age (for
a monoenergetic source at energy EO),
D( E ¢) dE ¢
t ( E, Eo ) = Ú
E xiSs ( E ¢) E ¢
where
E' = the neutron energy,
D = diffusion coefficient of neutron flus
density,
xi = average logarithmic energy
decrement, and
Σs = scattering cross section per unit volume.
3.1.25 Disadvantage Factor — In a reactor cell, the ratio
of the average neutron flux density in a material to that
in the fuel. Usually, the term refers to the moderator
material and to the thermal neutron flux denisity.
3.2 Expressions Relating to Reactors
3.2.1 Nuclear Energy — Energy released in nuclear
reactions or transitions.
3.2.2 Nuclear Chain Reaction (or Convergent
Reaction) — A series of successive similar nuclear
reactions in which every reaction in every generation
gives rise to one or more agents which can trigger
subsequent similar reactions.
3.2.3 Divergence — Growth of a reaction rate with time.
3.2.4 Reactor Time Constant or Reactor Period — The
time required for the neutron flux density in a reactor
to change by a factor of e (2.718…).
vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967
uksV μ ^fj,DVj dky* dh rqyuk esa fjDVj le; fu;rkad in dks
ojh;rk nh tkrh gSA
3-2-5 ØkfUrd μ fdlh ukfHkdh; Ük`a[kyk fØ;k djus okys
ekè;e dh og voLFkk tc bldk izHkkoh xq.ku [k.M ,dkad
gksrk gSA (dksbZ fj,DVj@ijek.kq HkV~Vh ØkfUrd voLFkk eas rc
gksrh gS tc U;wVªkWuksa ds mRiknu dh nj (mu U;wVªkWuksa dks
NksM+dj ftudh mQtkZ fo[k.Mu nj dk iQyu ugha gksrh)
U;wVªkWuksa dh {kfr dh nj ds leku gksrh gSA)
3-2-6 rRdky ØkfUrd μ ukfHkdh; Ük`a[kyk fØ;k djus okys
ekè;e dh og voLFkk tc ;g dsoy rkRdkfyd U;wVªkWuksa dks
iz;qDr dj ØkfUrd fd;k x;k gSA
3-2-7 foyfEcr ØkfUrd μ ukfHkdh; Ük`a[kyk fØ;k djus
okys ekè;e dh og voLFkk tc ;g vfèkdrj foyfEcr
U;wVªkWuksa dks iz;qDr dj ØkfUrd fd;k x;k gSA
3-2-8 ØkfUrd ijh{k.k μ fdlh fj,DVj (ijek.kq HkV~Vh)ds
vfHky{kf.kd fuèkkZfjr djus ds mís'; ls fj,DVj inkFkks±
(ftudks Øe'k% ØkfUrd voLFkk esa yk;k tk lds) ds lewg
dk ijh{k.k ;k ijh{k.kksa dh ,d Ük`a[kykA ;g ijh{k.k izk;%
cgqr de 'kfDr ij fd, tkrs gSaA
3-2-9 ØkfUrd lehdj.k μ fdlh lewg ds izkpyksa ds eè;
crkus okyk lehdj.k] tks ml lewg ds ØkfUrd gksus ds fy,
lUrq"V gksxkA
3-2-10 ØkfUrd nzO;eku μ fonY; inkFkZ dk og U;wure
nzO;eku tks ,d fufnZ"V T;kferh; O;oLFkk o inkFkks± ds
la?kVu esa ukfHkdh; Ük`a[kyk fØ;k dks fujUrj pkyw j[k ldsA
3-2-11 ØkfUrd lkbt (eki) μ fdlh fj,DVj (ijek.kq
HkV~Vh) ;k ,d lewg ftldks ,d fufnZ"V T;kferh; O;oLFkk
o inkFkks± ds la?kVu ds fy, ØkfUrd cuk;k tk lds] mldh
U;wure HkkSfrd yEckbZ&pkSM+kbZ ;k foLrkjA
3-2-12 lkis{k egÙo μ 'B' izdkj ds U;wVªkWuksa ds lkis{k 'A'
izdkj ds U;wVªkWuksa ds fy,] osx vkSj fLFkfr 'B' okys U;wVªkWuksa dh
vkSlr la[;k tks osx vkSj fLFkfr 'A' okys ,d U;wVªkWu dks gVk
nsus ds i'pkr~ Ük`a[kyk fØ;k dh xfr dks fLFkj cuk, j[kus ds
fy, ØkfUrd fudk; esa feykuh gksxhA
3-2-13 egÙo iQyu μ fdlh ØkfUrd fudk; eas ,d
fufnZ"V osx vkSj fLFkfr ds U;wVªkWu ls vojksfgr gksus okys
U;wVªkWuksa dh vkSlr mixkeh la[;kA ;g U;wVªkWu ÝyDl ?kuRo
ds lg[k.Mt ds lekuqikrh gksrk gSA
3-2-14 iqujko`Ùk fo[k.Mu izR;k'kk μ ,d ØfUrd ijek.kq
HkV~Vh esa ,d fufnZ"V U;wVªkWu ds ijorhZ tuuksa ls izkIr U;wVªkWuksa
ds dkj.k izfr tuu gksus okys fo[k.Muksa dh la[;k dk vkSlr
ekuA bls izk;% ^iqujko`Ùk fo[k.Mu izk;fdrk* dgk tkrk gSA
3-2-15 xq.ku (mi&ØkfUrd) μ fj,DVj (ijek.kq HkV~Vh)inkFkks±
ds fdlh miØkfUrd laxgz ds fy, mi&ØkfUrd xq.ku ?kVd]
16
NOTE — The term ‘Reactor time constant’ is preferred to
‘Reactor period’.
3.2.5 Critical — State of a nuclear chain reacting medium
when its effective multiplication factor equals unity. (A
reactor is critical when the rate of neutron production,
excluding neutron sources whose strengths are not a
function of fission rate is equal to the rate of neutron loss.)
3.2.6 Prompt Critical — State of a nuclear chain
reacting medium when rendered critical by the use of
prompt neutrons only.
3.2.7 Delayed Critical — State of a nuclear chain
reacting medium when rendered critical predominantly
by the use of delayed neutrons.
3.2.8 Critical Experiment — A test or series of tests
performed with an assembly of reactor materials which
can be gradually brought to the critical state for the purpose
of determining the nuclear characteristics of a reactor. The
experiment is usually performed at very low power.
3.2.9 Critical Equation — Any equation relating
parameters of an assembly which shall be satisfied for
the assembly to be critical.
3.2.10 Critical Mass — The minimum mass of fissile
material which will sustain a nuclear chain reaction for
a specified geometrical arrangement and material
composition.
3.2.11 Critical Size — The minimum physical
dimensions of a reactor core or an assembly which can
be made critical for a specified geometrical
arrangement and material composition.
3.2.12 Relative Importance — For neutrons of type
‘A’ relative to neutrons of type ‘B’, the average number
of neutrons with velocity and position ‘B’ which shall
be added to a critical system to keep the chain reaction
rate constant after removal of a neutron with velocity
and position ‘A’.
3.2.13 Importance Function — In a critical system,
the average asymptotic number of neutrons in the
system descended from a neutron of a given position
and velocity. It is proportional to the adjoint of the
neutron flux density.
3.2.14 Iterated Fission Expectation — In a critical
reactor, the average value of the number of fissions
per generation arising from neutrons of subsequent
generations of a given neutron. Frequently called
‘Iterated Fission Probability’.
3.2.15 Multiplication (Subcritical) — Given a
subcritical assembly of reactor materials, the subcritical
multiplication factor is the ratio of the number of

ml fudk; esa ,d U;wVªkWu lzksr }kjk iksf"kr U;wVªkWuksa dh la[;k
vkSj ;fn inkFkks± esa vU; dksbZ ifjorZu fd, fcuk fo[k.Mu
dks jksd fn;k tk,] rks iksf"kr gksus okyh la[;k dk vuqikr
gksrk gSA
3-2-16 pj?kkrkadh iz;ksx μ fj,DVj inkFkks± ds mi&ØkfUrd
laxzg vkSj ,d LorU=k U;wVªkWu lzksr ds lkFk fd;k x;k iz;ksx]
tks mu inkFkks± ds fdlh foU;kl ds U;wVªkWu vfHkyk{kf.kd
fuèkkZfjr djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA U;wVªkWu lzksr dks lkekU;
fLFkfr esa j[kus ij (vFkkZr~ rkih; U;wVªkWuksa dks ?ku ds ,d i`"B
ls ;k csyu ds fljs ls izfo"V djkus ij)laxzg eas U;wVªkWu
ÝyDl ?kuRo lzksr ds fudVorhZ lhek ls nwjh ds lkFk
pj?kkrkadh :i ls de gksrk gSA
3-2-17 pj?kkrkadh laxzg μ ,d pj?kkrkadh iz;ksx ds fy,
iz;qDr mi&ØkfUrd laxgz A
3-2-18 inkFkZ vkdqapu μ ,d izkpy] B2m, tks fdlh ekè;e
ds xq.ku xq.kèkeks± dh eki inkFkks± vkSj mudh O;oLFkk ds
iQyu ds :i esa iznku djrk gSA vk;q&folj.k fl¼kUr esa Bm2
dk eku B2 gksrk gS tks fuEu lehdj.k dks lUrq"V djrk gS%
2
ke–B τ = 1 + B2L2
tgka
k = vuUr xq.ku [k.M]
τ = vk;q] vkSj
L = U;wVªkWuksa dh folj.k yEckbZ (nwjh)A
uksV μ ;g lehdj.k ,d xqzi fl¼kUr ls O;qRiUu fd;k x;k gSA
3-2-19 T;kferh; vkdqapu μ ,d izkpy] B2g, tks fdlh
laxgz (tSls ijek.kq HkV~Vh dk ØksM+) dh vkÑfr o ckgjh eki
(yEckbZ&pkSM+kbZ) ij fuHkZj djrk gSA [kkyh fj,DVj ds fy,
fu;rkad Bg2 dk eku fuEu lehdj.k ls izkIr gksrk gS%
∇2 ϕ(r) + B2ϕ(r) = 0
tgka
r = f=kT;k lfn'k] bl izfrcUèk ds lkFk fd laxgz dh
ckáxf.kr lhek js[kk ij U;wVªkWu ÝyDl ?kuRo ϕ
(r) 'kwU; gksrk gSA
3-2-20 xq.ku ?kVd (fu;rkad) μ fdlh le; vUrjky esa
mRiUu U;wVªkWuksa dh dqy la[;k (mu lzksrksa ls mRiUu U;wVªkWuksa
dks NksM+dj] ftudh 'kfDr;ka fo[k.Mu nj dk iQyu ugha gSa)
vkSj mlh le; vUrjky esa vo'kks"k.k vkSj {kj.k ds dkj.k
yqIr gq, U;wVªkWuksa dh dqy la[;k dk vuqikrA tc bl jkf'k
dh x.kuk ,d vuUr ekè;e ;k vuUr vkorhZ tkyd ds
fy, dh tk, rks bls vuUr xq.ku ?kVd (k00)dgk tkrk gSA
tc bl jkf'k dh x.kuk ,d ifjfer ekè;e ds fy, dh tkrh
gS] rks bls izHkkoh xq.ku ?kVd (keff) dgk tkrk gSA bUgsa xq.ku
fu;rkad Hkh dgrs gSaA
17
vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967
neutrons maintained in the system by a neutron source
to the number that would be maintained if the fission
were suppressed without making any other changes in
the materials.
3.2.16 Exponential Experiment — An experiment,
performed with a sub-critical assembly of reactor
materials and an independent neutron source, used to
determine the neutron characteristics of a configuration
of these materials. With the usual placement of the
neutron source (that is, thermal neutrons introduced
through one face of a cube or end of a cylinder) the
neutron flux density in the assembly decreases
exponentially with distance from the boundary adjacent
to the source.
3.2.17 Exponential Assembly — A sub-critical assembly
used for an exponential experiment.
3.2.18 Material Buckling — A parameter, Bm2 , providing
a measure of the multiplying properties of a medium
as a function of the materials and their disposition. In
age-diffusion theory B2m is the value of B2 satisfying
the equation:
2
ke–B τ = 1 + B2L2
where
k = infinite multiplication factor,
τ = the age, and
L = diffusion length of the neutrons.
NOTE — The equation is derived from one group theory.
3.2.19 Geometric Buckling — A parameter, B 2g
depending on the shape and the external dimensions of
an assembly, for example, a reactor core. For a bare
reactor, the constant B2g is given by the equation:
∇2 ϕ(r) + B2ϕ(r) = 0
where
r = the radius vector, will the condition that the
neutron flux density ϕ(r) is zero at the
extrapolated boundary of the assembly.
3.2.20 Multiplication Factor — The ratio of the total
number of neutrons produced during a time interval
(excluding neutrons produced by sources whose
strengths are not a function of fission rate) to the total
number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage
during the same interval. When the quantity is evaluated
for an infinite medium or for an infinite repeating lattice
it is referred to as the infinite multiplication factor (k00),
and when the quantity is evaluated for a finite medium
it is referred to as the effective multiplication factor
(keff). Also called ‘multiplication constant’.
vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967
3-2-21 vuUr xq.ku fu;rkad μ nsf[k;s 3-2-20 3-2-20A
3-2-22 izHkkoh xq.ku fu;rkad μ nsf[k;s 3-2-20 3-2-20A
3-2-23 bZVk ?kVd μ vo'kksf"kr gksus okys izfr U;wVªkWu }kjk
fo[k.Mu ls mRlftZr U;wVªkWuksa (foyfEcr U;wVªkWuksa lfgr) dh
vkSlr la[;kA ;g vo'kksf"kr U;wVªkWuksa dh mQtkZ dk ,d iQyu
gksrk gSA ;g in ,d fo[k.Mu ;ksX; U;wDykbM ds fy,
vFkok ,d ukfHkdh; b±èku ds fy,] tSlk fufnZ"V gks] vuqi;z qDr
fd;k tk ldrk gSA
3-2-24 rhoz fo[k.Mu ?kVd μ ,d vuUr ekè;e esa] lHkh
mQtkZvksa ds U;wVªkWuksa ds dkj.k fo[k.Mu }kjk mRiUu U;wVªkWuksa dh
vkSlr la[;k vkSj dsoy rkih; fo[k.Muksa ls mRiUu U;wVªkWuksa
dh vkSlr la[;k dk vuqikrA
3-2-25 lfØ;rk μ ,d izkpy] ρ, tks ,d ukfHkdh; Ük`a[kyk
fØ;k'khy ekè;e dk ØkfUrd voLFkk ls fopyu n'kkZrk gSA
bldk èkukRed eku vfrØkfUrd voLFkk vkSj ½.kkRed eku
mi&ØkfUrd voLFkk ds laxr gksrk gSA la[;kRed :i esa]
1 1
ρ= 1
keff
tgka keff izHkkoh xq.ku fu;rkad gSA
3-2-26 lfØ;rk rki fu;rkad μ lfØ;rk dk rki ds lkis{k
vkaf'kd vodytA
uksV μ rki fdlh fLFkfr vFkok vo;o ds fy, fufnZ"V fd;k tk
ldrk gSA
3-2-27 cuZ&vi (ngu) μ ijek.kq HkV~Vh esa fØ;k ds nkSjku
U;wVªkWu vo'kks"k.k }kjk inkFkks± dk ukfHkdh; :ikUrj.kA ;g in
b±èku ;k fdlh vU; inkFkZ ds fy, fufnZ"V fd;k tk ldrk gSA
3-2-28 ngu (cuZ&vi) izHkkt μ fdlh fufnZ"V izdkj ds
ukfHkdksa dh izkjfEHkd ek=kk dk og va'k ftldk ngu (cuZ&vi)gks
pqdk gSA bls izk;% izfr'kr esa O;Dr fd;k tkrk gSA
3-2-29 fof'k"V ngu ;k b±èku dk fdj.ku Lrj μ fonY; vkSj
moZj inkFkZ ds izfr ,dkad nzO;eku ls eqDr gqbZ dqy mQtkZA bls
izk;% ^esxkokV fnol izfr Vu* esa O;Dr fd;k tkrk gSA
3-2-30 fof'k"V 'kfDr μ ijek.kq HkV~Vh (fj,DVj) esa izfr
,dkad nzO;eku b±èku ls mRiUu 'kfDrA
3-2-31 vo{k; μ fdlh inkFkZ esa ,d vFkok vfèkd fufnZ"V
leLFkkfudksa dh lkUnzrk esa dehA
3-2-32 le`f¼ μ og izfØ;k ftlds }kjk fdlh rRo easa ,d
fufnZ"V leLFkkfud dh ek=kk esa o`f¼ gksrh gSA
uksV μ le`f¼ ds fuEukafdr vFkZ Hkh gksrs gSa%
d) leLFkkfud dk cgqY;]
[k) le`f¼ ?kVd] vkSj
x) le`f¼ ?kVd ls ,d de (le`f¼ dh dksfV)A
buds iz;ksx ls cpuk pkfg,A
18
3.2.21 Infinite Multiplication Constant — See 3.2.20.
3.2.22 Effective Multiplication Constant — See 3.2.20.
3.2.23 Eta Factor — The average number of fission
neutrons (including delayed neutrons) emitted per
neutron absorbed. It is a function of the energy of the
absorbed neutrons. The term may be applied to a
fissionable nuclide or to a nuclear fuel, as specified.
3.2.24 Fast Fission Factor — In an infinite medium,
the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by
fissions due to neutrons of all energies, to the mean
number of neutrons produced by thermal fissions only.
3.2.25 Reactivity — A parameter, ρ, giving the deviation
from criticality of a nuclear chain reacting medium.
Positive values correspond to a supercritical state and
negative values to a subcritical state.
Quantitatively
ρ= 1
keff
where keff is the effective multiplication factor.
3.2.26 Reactivity Temperature Coefficient — The
partial derivative of reactivity with respect to
temperature.
NOTE — The temperature may be specified for some location
or component.
3.2.27 Burn-Up — Nuclear transformation of reactor
materials by neutron absorption during reactor operation.
The term may be specified to fuel or other materials.
3.2.28 Burn-Up Fraction — The fraction, usually
expressed as a percentage, of an initial quantity of nuclei
of a given type which has undergone burn-up
3.2.29 Specific Burn-Up or Fuel Irradiation Level —
The total energy that has been released per unit mass
of fissile and fertile material. Usually expressed in
‘megawatt days per tonne’.
3.2.30 Specific Power — The power produced per unit
mass of fuel in a reactor.
3.2.31 Depletion — Reduction of the concentration of
one or more specified isotopes in a material.
3.2.32 Enrichment — The process by which the contents
of a specified isotope in an element is increased.
NOTE — Enrichment has also been taken to mean:
a) isotopic abundance,
b) enrichment factor, and
c) enrichment factor minus one (degree of enrichment).
These usages should be avoided.

3-2-33 :ikUrj.k (fj,DVj rduhd) μ ,d moZj inkFkZ dk
fonY; inkFkZ esa ukfHkdh; :ikUrj.kA
3-2-34 :ikUrj.k vuqikr μ :ikUrj.k }kjk mRiUu fonY;
ukfHkdksa dh la[;k vkSj u"V gq, fonY; ukfHkdksa dh la[;k
dk vuqikrA
3-2-35 iztuu μ :ikUrj.k] tc :ikUrj.k vuqikr dk eku
,d ls vfèkd gksA
3-2-36 iztuu vuqikr μ :ikUrj.k vuqikr] tc bldk eku
,d ls vfèkd gksA
3-2-37 iztuu ykHk μ iztuu vuqikr ls ,d deA
4 fj,DVj rduhd vkS j dk;Z i z . kkyh
4-1 ijek.kq HkV~Vh (fj,DVj)
4-1-1 U;wDyh;j fj,DVj ;k iqat μ ,d ,slh ;qfDr ftlesa
Lo;a&iksf"kr ukfHkdh; fo[k.Mu dh Ük`a[kyk fØ;k fu;fU=kr
<ax ls djkbZ tk lds (fo[k.Mu fj,DVj)A ;gh in dHkh&dHkh
ml ;qfDr ds fy, Hkh iz;qDr gksrk gS ftlesa ukfHkdh; lay;u
fØ;k mRiUu dh tk lds vkSj fu;fU=kdh dh tk lds
(lay;u fj,DVj)A
4-1-2 lekax fj,DVj μ og fj,DVj ftlesa ØksM+ inkFkks± dk
forj.k bl izdkj ls gks fd blds U;wVªkWu vfHky{kf.kdksa dk
;FkkFkZrk ls fuèkkZj.k fd;k tk lds] ;g eku dj fd iwjs ØksM+
esa inkFkks± dk forj.k lekaxh gSA
4-1-3 fo"kekax fj,DVj μ og fj,DVj ftlesa ØksM+ inkFkZ
,slh lhek rd i`FkDÑr gksa fd mlds U;wVªkWu vfHkyf{k.kdksa
dk ;FkkFkZ fuèkkZj.k iwjs ØksM+ esa inkFkks± dk lekaxh forj.k
ekudj ugha fd;k tk ldsA
4-1-4 izkÑfrd ;wjsfu;e fj,DVj μ og fj,DVj ftlesa
izkÑfrd ;wjsfu;e Hkjk x;k gksA
4-1-5 le`¼ fj,DVj μ og fj,DVj ftlesa izkÑfrd ;wjsfu;e
esa ;wjsfu;e 235 ;k dksbZ vU; fonY; inkFkZ (;wjsfu;e 233
IywVksfu;e vkfn) feykdj le`¼ fd;k x;k ukfHkdh; b±èku
Hkjk x;k gksA
4-1-6 IywVksfu;e fj,DVj μ og fj,DVj ftlesa fonY; b±èku
,sls Hkjk gks ftlesa eq[; fonY; inkFkZ IywVksfu;e gksA
4-1-7 rjyhÑr fj,DVj μ og fj,DVj ftlesa ,slk b±èku
iz;qDr fd;k tkrk gS ftlds dqN vfHky{kf.kd yxHkx ,d
rjy ds tSls gksaA
4-1-8 ifjlapkjh fj,DVj μ U;wDyh;j fj,DVj ftlesa fonY;
inkFkZ ØksM+ esa ifjlapkfjr gksrk gSA izk;% bldk vfHkizk; ;g
gS fd fony inkFkZ dks rjy :i esa ;k fdlh rjy eas
fuyfEcr lw{e d.kksa ds :i esa iz;qDr fd;k tk,A
19
vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967
3.2.33 Conversion (Reactor Technology) — Nuclear
transformation of a fertile substance into a fissile
substance.
3.2.34 Conversion Ratio — The ratio of the number
of fissile nuclei produced by conversion to the number
of fissile nuclei destroyed. The term can refer to an
instant of time or to a period of time.
3.2.35 Breeding — Conversion when the conversion
ratio is greater than unity.
3.2.36 Breeding Ratio — The conversion ratio when
it is greater than unity.
3.2.37 Breeding Gain — Breeding ratio minus one.
4 REACTOR TECHNOLOGY AND WORKING
4.1 Reactors
4.1.1 Nuclear Reactor or Pile — A device in which a
self-sustaining nuclear fission chain reaction can be
maintained and controlled (fission reactor). The term
is sometimes applied to a device in which a nuclear
fusion reaction can be produced and controlled (fusion
reactor).
4.1.2 Homogeneous Reactor — A reactor in which
the core materials are distributed in such a manner
that its neutron characteristics can be accurately
described by the assumption of homogeneous
distribution of the materials throughout the core.
4.1.3 Heterogeneous Reactor — A reactor in which
the core materials are segregated to such an extent
that its neutron characteristics can not be accurately
described by the assumption of homogeneous
distribution of the materials throughout the core.
4.1.4 Natural Uranium Reactor — Reactor fed with
natural uranium.
4.1.5 Enriched Reactor — Reactor fed with a nuclear
fuel obtained from natural uranium, enriched with
uranium 235, or with any other fissile matter (uranium
233, plutonium, etc) added to it.
4.1.6 Plutonium Reactor — Reactor fed with fissile
fuel of which plutonium is the main fissile matter.
4.1.7 Fluidized Reactor — Reactor using a fuel of
which certain characteristics are very nearly those of
a fluid.
4.1.8 Circulating Reactor — Nuclear reactor in which
the fissile matter circulates through the core. Usually
this means using fissile matter in fluid form or in the
form of small particles in suspension in a fluid.
vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967
4-1-9 rhoz fj,DVj μ og fj,DVj ftlesa fo[k.Mu fØ;k
eq[;r% rhozxkeh U;wVªkWuksa }kjk izsfjr gksrh gSA
4-1-10 eè;orhZ fj,DVj ;k eè;orhZ LisDVªe fj,DVj μ og
fj,DVj ftlesa fo[k.Mu fØ;k eq[;r% eè;orhZ U;wVªkWuksa }kjk
izfjr gksrh gSA
4-1-11 vYirkih fj,DVj μ og fj,DVj ftlesa fo[k.Mu
fØ;k eq[;r% vYirkih U;wVªkWuksa }kjk izsfjr gksrh gSA
4-1-12 rkih; fj,DVj μ og fj,DVj ftlesa fo[k.Mu fØ;k
eq[;r% rkih; U;wVªkWuksa }kjk izsfjr gksrh gSA
4-1-13 ifjorZd fj,DVj μ og fj,DVj ftldk dk;Z ,d
moZj inkFkZ dks fo[k.Muh; inkFkZ esa ifjofrZr djuk gksrk gSA
4-1-14 iztud fj,DVj μ og fj,DVj] ftlesa ftruk fonY;
inkFkZ O;; gksrk gS mlls vfèkd ek=kk esa ;g mRiUu gksrk gS]
vFkkZr~] bldk ifjorZu vuqikr dk eku ,d ls vfèkd gksrk gSA
4-1-15 LisDVªeh foLFkkiu fj,DVj μ og fj,DVj ftles]a fu;U=k.k
;k vU; fdlh mís'; ls] eand ds xq.kèkeks± ;k bldh ek=kk esa
ifjorZu dj U;wVkª uW ksa ds LisDVªe dks lek;ksftr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
4-1-16 'kfDr fj,DVj μ og fj,DVj ftldk izkFkfed mís';
'kfDr mriknu djuk gksrk gSA bl izdkj ds fj,DVjksa esa lfEefyr gS%a
d) fo|qr mRiknd fj,DVj]
[k) uksnu fj,DVj] vkSj
x) mQ"ek mRiknd fj,DVjA
4-1-17 vuqlaèkku fj,DVj μ fdlh Hkh 'kfDr Lrj dk
fj,DVj ftldk mi;ksx izkFkfed :i ls vkèkkjHkwr ;k vuqi;z Dq r
vuqlaèkku ds fy, midj.k ds :i eas fd;k tkrk gSA bl
izdkj ds fj,DVjksa esa lfEefyr gSa%
d) U;wu&ÝyDl vuqlaèkku fj,DVj]
[k) mPp&ÝyDl vuqlaèkku fj,DVj]
x) Liafnr fj,DVj]
?k) ijh{k.k fj,DVj] vkSj
M+) 'kwU;&'kfDr fj,DVj (,d izk;ksfxd fj,DVj Hkh gks
ldrk gS)A
4-1-18 izk;ksfxd fj,DVj μ fj,DVj ;k fj,DVj ds izdkj dh
vfHkdYiuk (Mtkbu) djus ;k mlesa lqèkkj djus ds fy,
fj,DVj HkkSfrd ;k vfHk;kfU=kdh lead izkIr djus ds fy,
ewyr% lapkfyr fj,DVjA bl izdkj ds fj,DVjksa esa lfEefyr gS%a
d) 'kwU;&'kfDr fj,DVj (vuqlèa kku fj,DVj Hkh gks ldrk
gS)]
[k) fj,DVj iz;ksx] vkSj
x) vkfn iz:i fj,DVjA
4-1-19 mRiknd fj,DVj μ og fj,DVj ftldk ewy mís';
vkS|ksfxd Lrj ij fonY; ;k vU; inkFkks± dk mRiknu djuk
20
4.1.9 Fast Reactor — A reactor in which fission is
induced predominantly by fast neutrons.
4.1.10 Intermediate Reactor or Intermediate Spectrum
Reactor — A reactor in which fission is induced
predominantly by intermediate neutrons.
4.1.11 Epithermal Reactor — A reactor in which the
fission is induced predominantly by epithermal
neutrons.
4.1.12 Thermal Reactor — A reactor in which fission
is induced predominantly by thermal neutrons.
4.1.13 Converter Reactor — A reactor whose purpose
is to convert a fertile material into a fissionable material.
4.1.14 Breeder Reactor — A reactor which produces
more fissile material than it consumes, that is, has a
conversion ratio greater than unity.
4.1.15 Spectral Shift Reactor — A reactor in which,
for control or other purposes, the neutron spectrum may
be adjusted by varying the properties or amount of
moderator.
4.1.16 Power Reactor — A reactor whose primary
purpose is to produce power. Reactors in this class
include:
a) electricity production reactor,
b) propulsion reactor, and
c) heat-production reaction.
4.1.17 Research Reactor — A reactor of any power
level used primarily as a research tool for basic or
applied research. Reactors in this class include:
a) low-flux research reactor,
b) high-flux research reactor,
c) pulse reactor,
d) testing reactor, and
e) zero-power reactor (may also be an
experimental reactor).
4.1.18 Experimental Reactor — A reactor operated
primarily to obtain reactor physics or engineering data
for the design or development of a reactor or reactor
type. Reactors in this class include:
a) zero-power reactor (may also be a research
reactor),
b) reactor experiment, and
c) prototype reactor.
4.1.19 Production Reactor — A reactor whose primary
purpose is to produce fissile or other materials or to
perform irradiation on an industrial scale. Unless

vFkok fdj.ku djkuk gksrk gSA tc rd vU;Fkk fufnZ"V u
fd;k x;k gks] ;g in izk;% IywVksfu;e mRiknd fj,DVj dks
O;Dr djrk gSA bl izdkj ds fj,DVjksa eas lfEefyr gSa%
d) fonY; inkFkZ mRiknd fj,DVj]
[k) leLFkkfud mRiknd fj,DVj] vkSj
x) fdj.ku fj,DVjA
4-1-20 izf'k{k.k fj,DVj μ og fj,DVj ftldk lapkyu
ewyr% fj,DVjksa ds lapkyu dk izf'k{k.k vkSj blds O;ogkj
lEcUèkh funsZ'k nsus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
4-2 vo;oh Hkkx
4-2-1 ukfHkdh; b±èku μ fonY; U;wDykbMksa ls ;qDr inkFkZ
ftldks fj,DVj (ijek.kq HkV~Vh) esa j[kus ij Ük`a[kyk fØ;k
djokbZ tk ldsA
4-2-2 le`¼ inkFkZ μ og inkFkZ ftlesa mlds fdlh vO;o
ds ,d ;k vfèkd fufnZ"V leLFkkfudksa dh lkUnzrk vius
izkÑr eku ls vfèkd gksA
4-2-3 vo{k;hr inkFkZ μ og inkFkZ ftldk vo{k; gks x;k gSA
4-2-4 b±èku rRo ;k b±èku NM+ μ lajpukRed :i ls fj,DVj
dk lw{erre fofoDr Hkkx] ftldk eq[; vo;o b±èku gksrk gSA
4-2-5 Lyx μ csyukdkj :i esa ,d lw{e b±èku rUrq (,fyesUV)A
4-2-6 b±èku lap; μ NM+ksa ds xqPN ;k ifV~Vdkvksa ds caMy
ds :i esa b±èku rUrq ;k b±èku rUrqvksa dk lewg] viuh lHkh
lgk;d lkexzh lfgrA
4-2-7 vkoj.k ;k ik=k (DySfMax) μ fdlh inkFkZ dh ,d czká
ijr tks izk;% ukfHkdh; b±èku ij p<+kbZ tkrh gS] bldks jklk;fud
vfHkfØ;k'khy okrkoj.k ls lqj{kk iznku djus ds fy,] la;kstu
ls fdj.ku ds nkSjku mRiUu gksus okys jsfM;ks lfØ; mRiknksa dks
jksds j[kus ds fy,] ;k lajpukRed vkèkkj iznku djus ds fy,A
4-2-8 Iyx
d) fofdj.kksa dks ckgj fudyus ls jksdus ds fy, j{kd
inkFkZ ds vkoj.k esa fdlh fNnz dks cUn djus ds
fy, iz;qDr fdlh inkFkZ dk ,d VqdM+kA
[k) vkoj.k ds lkFk >ykbZ dj tksM+k x;k ,d Hkkx]
ftlls ;g vfèkd n{k fofdj.k jksèkh cu tk,A
4-2-9 pSuy μ fj,DVj esa yxkbZ xbZ iz.kkyh@okfguhA
4-2-10 pktZ (èkku) μ fj,DVj esa j[kk x;k b±èkuA
4-2-11 lfØ; ØksM+ μ ekè;e] ftlds vUnj fo[k.Mu
Ük`a[kyk lEiUu gks ldsA
4-2-12 ØksM+ μ fj,DVj dk og Hkkx ftlesa Ük`a[kyk fØ;k
lEiUu gks ldsA
4-2-13 lSy (fj,DVj) μ ,d fo"kekaxh fj,DVj esa izkjfEHkd
21
vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967
otherwise specified the term usually refers to a
plutonium-production reactor. Reactors in this class
include:
a) fissile-material production reactor,
b) isotope-production reactor, and
c) irradiation reactor.
4.1.20 Training Reactor — A reactor operated primarily
for training in reactor operation and instructing in
reactor behaviour.
4.2 Constituent Parts
4.2.1 Nuclear Fuel — Material containing fissile
nuclides which when placed in a reactor enables a chain
reaction to be achieved.
4.2.2 Enriched Material — Material in which the
concentration of one or more specified isotopes of a
constituent is greater than its natural value.
4.2.3 Depleted Material — Material which has
undergone depletion.
4.2.4 Fuel Element or Fuel Rod — The smallest
structurally discrete part of a reactor which has fuel as
its principal constituent.
4.2.5 Slug — A small fuel element of cylindrical form.
4.2.6 Fuel Assembly — A fuel element or a group of
fuel elements in the form of cluster of rods or a bundle
of plates, with all its accessories.
4.2.7 Cladding or Can — An external layer of material
applied, usually to a nuclear fuel, to provide protection
from a chemically reactive environment, to provide
containment of radioactive products produced during
the irradiation of the composite, or to provide structural
support.
4.2.8 Plug
a) Piece of material used for plugging a hole in
a screen of protective material so as to prevent
the passage of radiations.
b) A part welded to the cladding, so as to make
it efficiently radiation proof.
4.2.9 Channel — Duct provided in a reactor.
4.2.10 Charge — The fuel placed in a reactor.
4.2.11 Active Core — Medium inside which chain
fissions can take place.
4.2.12 Core — That region of a reactor in which a
chain reaction can take place.
4.2.13 Cell (Reactor) — One of a set of elementary
vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967
{ks=kksa dk ,d lSV (leqPp;)] ftuesa izR;sd dh T;kferh;
:ijs[kk vkSj U;wVªkWu vfHky{kf.kd ,d leku gksaA
4-2-14 fj,DVj tkyd μ b±èkj vkSj vU; inkFkks± dk ,d
fu;fer izfr:i (iSVuZ) ds vuqlkj O;ofLFkr O;wgA
4-2-15 vkoj.k (CySadsV) μ ifjorZu djkus ds mís'; ls
fj,DVj ds ØksM+ ds vUnj ;k blds vkl&ikl j[ks x, moZj
inkFkZ dk {ks=kA
4-2-16 fdj.ku okfguh μ fj,DVj ds vkUrfjd Hkkx esa
fj,DVj ifjj{kd (<ky) esa ,d fNnz ftlesa gksdj fdj.ku
djok;k tkrk gSA dHkh&dHkh bls izk;ksfxd fNnz Hkh dgrs gSaA
4-2-17 fdj.k iqat fNnz μ fj,DVj ds vkUrfjd Hkkx esa
fj,DVj ifjj{kd (<ky) esa ,d fNnz ftlesa gksdj fj,DVj ds
ckgj gksus okys iz;ksxksa ds fy, fofdj.k iaqt dks ekxZ fey
tk,A
4-2-18 eand μ ,d inkFkZ tks izdhf.kZr VDdjksa }kjk vkSj
dksbZ izs{k.kh; izxzg.k gq, fcuk U;wVªkWuksa dh xfrt mQtkZ dks
de djus ds fy, iz;qDr fd;k tk,A
4-2-19 ijkorZd μ dksbZ inkFkZ ;k inkFkZ dk fi.M tks
vkifrr fofdj.kksa dks ijkofrZr dj nsrk gSA ukfHkdh; fj,DVj
rduhdh esa ;g in izk;% fj,DVj eas dqN cp fudyus okys
U;wVªkWuksa dks izdh.kZu VDdj }kjk iqu% ØksM+ esa ykSVk nsus ds
mís'; ls ØksM+ ds fudV j[ks x, ,d Hkkx dks ukfer djus
rd lhfer gSA
4-2-20 f}rh;d 'khryu ifjiFk μ ,d ifjlapkjh iz.kkyh]
tks izkFkfed 'khryu ifjiFk esa ls mQ"ek dks fudkyus ds fy,
iz;qDr gksrh gSA
4-2-21 vojksèkd μ jsfM;ks lfØ; inkFkZ dh vokafNr ek=kk
dks ,d fu;fU=kr {ks=k ls ckgj fudyus ls jksduk (fj,DVj esa
nq?kZVuk gksus ij Hkh)A vUrosZ'kh vkoj.k iz.kkyh Lo;a HkhA
4-2-22 ifjj{kd μ fdlh {ks=k eas izo's k djus okys fofdj.kksa dh
rhozrk dks de djus ds fy, iz;Dq r fdlh inkFkZ dk ,d fi.MA
4-2-23 rkih; ifjj{kd μ vUnj vk;uhdkjd fofdj.kksa ls
mRiUu mQ"ek dks de djus vkSj mQ"ek dk cká {ks=kksa esa
LFkkukUrj.k dks jksdus ds mís'; ls iz;qDr ifjj{kdA
4-2-24 tSfod ifjj{kd μ ,d ifjj{kd ftldk eq[;
mís'; vk;uhdkjd fofdj.kksa dks tSfod vuqes; Lrj rd
de djuk gksrk gSA
4-2-25 ckáx.ku ls izkIr lhek js[kk μ fdlh ,d=k.k ds
ckgj ,d dfYir i`"B (lrg) ftl ij U;wVªkWu ÝyDl ?kuRo
dk eku 'kwU; gksxk] ;fn HkkSfrd lrg ls dqN ekè;&eqDr iFkksa
ij ÝyDl ds vfLrRo dk ckáx.ku fd;k tk,A
4-2-26 fj,DVj ik=k μ og eq[; ik=k tks de&ls&de
fj,DVj ds ØksM+ dks ?ksjs jgrk gSA
22
regions in a heterogeneous reactor each, of which has
the same geometrical form and neutron characteristics
as the other.
4.2.14 Reactor Lattice — An array of fuel and other
materials arranged according to a regular pattern.
4.2.15 Blanket — A region of fertile material placed
around or within the core of a reactor for the purpose
of conversion.
4.2.16 Irradiation Channel — A hole through a reactor
shield into the interior of the reactor in which
irradiations are carried out. Sometimes called
experimental hole.
4.2.17 Beam Hole — A hole through a reactor shield
into the interior of the reactor for the passage of a beam
of radiation for experiments outside the reactor.
4.2.18 Moderator — A material used to reduce by
scattering collisions and without appreciable capture
of the kinetic energy of neutrons.
4.2.19 Reflector — A material or a body of material
which reflects incident radiation. In nuclear reactor
technology, this term is usually restricted to designate
a part of a reactor placed adjacent to the core for the
purpose of returning some of the escaping neutrons to
the core by means of scattering collisions.
4.2.20 Secondary Coolant Circuit — A circulating
system used to remove heat from the primary coolant
circuit.
4.2.21 Containment — The prevention of release, even
under the conditions of a reactor accident, of
unacceptable quantities of radioactive material beyond
a controlled zone. Also, commonly, the containing
system itself.
4.2.22 Shield — A body of material intended to reduce
the intensity of radiation entering a region.
4.2.23 Thermal Shield — A shield intended to reduce
heat generation by ionizing radiation in, and heat
transfer to exterior regions.
4.2.24 Biological Shield — A shield whose prime
purpose is to reduce ionizing radiation to biologically
permissible levels.
4.2.25 Extrapolated Boundary — A hypothetical
surface outside an assembly on which the neutron flux
density would be zero if the flux existing a few mean
free paths from the physical surface were extrapolated.
4.2.26 Reactor Vessel — The principal vessel
surrounding at east the reactor core.

4-2-27 U;wVªkWu ifjorZd μ eUnxkeh U;wVªkWuksa ds ÝyDl esa
fLFkr ,d ;qfDr tks rhozxkeh U;wVªkWu mRiUu djrh gSA
4-3 fj,DVj dk izpkyu
4-3-1 fofdj.k lzkrs μ ,d midj.k ;k inkFkZ tks vk;uhdkjd
fofdj.k mRlftZr djs ;k mRlftZr djus esa l{ke gksA
4-3-2 jsfM;kslfØ; lzksr μ jsfM;kslfØ; inkFkZ dh dksbZ ek=kk
ftldk mís'; vk;uhdkjd fofdj.k ds lzksr ds :i esa
iz;qDr fd;k tkuk gksA
4-3-3 lhycUn lzksr μ dSIlwy esa leqafnzr jsfM;ks lfØ; lzksrA
4-3-4 lzksr dh ijkl μ ,d fj,DVj ds izpkyu dh ijkl]
ftlesa U;wVªkWu ÝyDl ?kuRo ds ekiu dh lqxerk ds fy, ,d
iwjd U;wVªkWu lzksr dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
4-3-5 xf.k=k ijkl μ fj,DVj dh 'kfDr Lrj dk ijkl
ftlds eè; U;wVªkWu ÝyDl ?kuRo ds ;Fks"V ekiu ds fy,
,d d.k xf.k=k dh vko'drk gksrh gSA
4-3-6 izpkyu ijkl μ fj,DVj dh 'kfDr Lrj dh ijkl
ftlds eè; LFkk;h n'kk ifjfLFkfr esa izpkyu ds fy, fj,DVj
dh vfHkDyiuk dh xbZ gSA
4-3-7 'kfDr ijkl μ 'kfDr Lrj dh ijkl ftlds eè; fj,DVj
dk fu;U=k.k ewyr% le; fu;rkad (vkorZdky) dh vis{kk rki
vFkok U;wVkª uW ÝyDl ?kuRo dh eki ij vkèkkfjr gksrk gSA
4-3-8 le; fu;rkad ijkl ;k vkorZdky ijkl μ 'kfDr Lrj
dh ijkl ftlds eè; fj,DVj ij fu;U=k.k ds fy, fj,DVj
'kfDr dh vis{kk fj,DVj ds le; fu;rkad (vkorZdky)dk
izkFkfed egRo gSA
4-3-9 fj,DVj dk fu;eu μ fj,DVj dks pkyw djus vkSj bls
,d bfPNr 'kfDr Lrj ij cuk, j[kus ds fy, fØ;kvksa dk
vuqØeA
4-3-10 fj,DVj ij fu;U=k.k μ fj,DVj esa fØ;k dh xfr eas
ok¡fNr ifjroZu] vFkok LFkk;h n'kk eas fØ;k gksrh jgs blds
fy, lfØ;rk dks lek;ksftr djukA
4-3-11 foU;klh fu;U=k.k μ fj,DVj ij blds foU;kl esa
ifjorZu }kjk fu;U=k.k djukA
4-3-12 b±èku fu;U=k.k μ b±èku ds xq.kèkeks±] fLFkfr ;k ek=kk esa
bl izdkj lek;kstu djuk fd bldh lfØ;rk esa ifjorZu gks
tk,] vkSj blds }kjk fj,DVj ij fu;U=k.k djukA
4-3-13 eand fu;U=k.k μ eand ds xq.kèkeks±] fLFkfr ;k ek=kk
esa bl izdkj lek;kstu djuk fd lfØ;rk esa ifjorZu gks tk,
vkSj blds }kjk fj,DVj ij fu;U=k.k djukA
4-3-14 LisDVªeh foLFkkiu fu;U=k.k μ ,d fo'ks"k izdkj dk
eand fu;U=k.kA
4-3-15 vo'kks"k.k fu;U=k.k μ b±èku] eand vksj ijkorZd
23
vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967
4.2.27 Neutron Converter — A device placed in a flux
of slow neutrons to produce fast neutrons.
4.3 Reactor Operation
4.3.1 Radiation Source — An apparatus or a material
emitting or capable of emitting ionizing radiation.
4.3.2 Radioactive Source — Any quantity of radioactive
material which is intended for use as a source of
ionizing radiation.
4.3.3 Sealed Source — A hermetically encapsulated
radioactive source.
4.3.4 Source Range — The range of reactor operation
within which a supplementary neutron source is
required to facilitate the measurement of neutron flux
density.
4.3.5 Counter Range — The range of reactor power
level within which a particle counter is required for
adequate measurement of the neutron flux density.
4.3.6 Operating Range — The range of reactor power
level within which a reactor is designed to operate in a
steady-state condition.
4.3.7 Power Range — The range of power level within
which the control of a reactor is primarily based upon
measurement of temperature or neutron flux density
rather than time constant (period).
4.3.8 Time Constant Range or Period Range — The
range of power level within which the reactor time
constant (reactor period) rather than reactor power, is
of primary importance for reactor control.
4.3.9 Reactor Regulation — Sequence of operations
for the purpose of starting up the reactor and keeping
it at the desired power level.
4.3.10 Reactor Control — The intentional variation of
the reaction rate in a reactor, or the adjustment of
reactivity to maintain steady-state operation.
4.3.11 Configuration Control — Reactor control by
changing its configuration.
4.3.12 Fuel Control — control of a reactor by
adjustment of the properties, position, or quantity of
fuel in such a way as to change the reactivity.
4.3.13 Moderator Control — Control of a reactor by
an adjustment of the properties, position or quantity of
the moderator in such a way as to change the reactivity.
4.3.14 Spectral Shift Control — A special type of
moderator control.
4.3.15 Absorption Control — control of a reactor by
vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967
inkFkZ ds vfrfjDr vU; U;wVªkWu vo'kks"kd inkFkZ ds xq.kèkeks±]
fLFkfr ;k ek=kk esa lek;kstu }kjk lfØ;rk eas ifjorZu djuk]
vkSj blds }kjk fj,DVj ij fu;U=k.k djukA
4-3-16 U;wVªkWu vo'kks"kd (inkFkZ) μ ,slk inkFkZ ftlds lkFk
U;wVªkWu lkFkZd vU;ksU; fØ;k djrs gSa vkSj fØ;kvksa ds
ifj.kkeLo:i os eqDr d.k ds :i esa foyqIr gks tkrs gSaA
4-3-17 U;wVªkWu vo'kks"kd (oLrq) μ ,slh oLrq ftlds lkFk
U;wVªkWu lkFkZd ;k fo'ks"kr;k vU;ksU; fØ;k djrs gSa vkSj fØ;k
ds ifj.kkeLo:i fcuk vU; U;wVªkWu mRiUu fd,] os vius
eqDr d.k ds :i esa foyqIr gks tkrs gSaA
4-3-18 fo"k μ ,slk inkFkZ] tks vius mPp vo'kks"k.k ifj{ks=k
ds dkj.k fdlh fj,DVj dh lfØ;rk dks de dj nsrk gSA
4-3-19 ngu;ksX; fo"k μ ,slk fo"k] tks izxkeh :i ls ngu
gksrk jgdj lfØ;rk esa nh?kkZofèk ifjorZuksa ij fu;U=k.k djus
esa lgk;d gks] bl mís'; ls fj,DVj esa lfEefyr fd;k
tkrk gSA
4-3-20 thukWu izHkko μ rkih; fjDVjksa esa thukWu] tks ,d
cgqr egRoiw.kZ ukfHkdh; fo"k gS] cuus ds dkj.k gksus okyh
?kVukA
4-3-21 rjy fo"k fu;U=k.k μ fdlh rjy ukfHkdh; fo"k dh
fLFkfr ;k ek=kk esa lek;kstu djds lfØ;rk esa ifjorZu djuk
vkSj blds }kjk fj,DVj ij fu;U=k.k djukA
4-3-22 ijkorZd fu;U=k.k μ ijkorZd ds xq.kèkeks±] fLFkfr ;k
ek=kk ea lek;kstu }kjk lfØ;rk esa ifjorZu djuk vkSj blds
}kjk fj,DVj ij fu;U=k.k djukA
4-3-23 Lo;a&fu;U=k.k μ dqN ifjfLFkfr;ksa eas ,d fj,DVj esa
vUrfuZfgr izo`fÙk] ftlds vUrxZr 'kfDr Lrj eas ifjorZu dk
lfØ;rk ij izHkko gksus ds dkj.k ;g ,d fLFkj 'kfDr Lrj
ij izpfyr jgrk gSA
4-3-24 fu;U=k.k vax ;k fu;U=kd vo;o μ fdlh fj,DVj
dk ,d pyk;eku Hkkx tks Lo;a lfØ;rk dks izHkkfor djrk
gS vkSj fj,DVj ij fu;U=k.k djus ds fy, iz;qDr gksrk gSA
4-3-25 fu;U=kd NM+ μ NM+ ds :i esa ,d fu;U=k.k vaxA
4-3-26 fu;U=kd pkyd μ ,d ;qfDr tks fj,DVj ij fu;U=k.k
ds le; fu;U=k.k vax dks pykus ds fy, iz;qDr gksrh gSA
4-3-27 LFkwy fu;U=kd vax ;k LFkwy fu;U=kd vO;o μ ,d
fu;U=k.k vax tks fdlh fj,DVj dh lfØ;rk esa LFkwy lek;kstu
djus ;k ÝyDl ds forj.k esa ifjorZu djus ds fy, iz;qDr
fd;k tkrk gSA
4-3-28 lw{e fu;U=k.k μ NksVs vk;ke ds lfØ;rk ds vuqxeu
esa lqèkkj ds mís'; ls lw{e fu;eu djukA
4-3-29 lw{e fu;U=kd vax ;k lw{e fu;U=kd vO;o μ ,d
fu;U=k.k vax tks fj,DVj dh lfØ;rk ls lw{e vkSj ifj'kqn~èk
24
adjustment of the properties, position, or quantity of
neutron-absorbing material, other than fuel, moderator
and reflector material, in such a way as to change the
reactivity.
4.3.16 Neutron Absorber (Material) — A material with
which neutrons interact significantly by reactions
resulting in their disappearance as free particles.
4.3.17 Neutron Absorber (Object) — An object with
which neutrons interact significantly or predominantly
by reactions resulting in their disappearance as free
particles without production of other neutrons.
4.3.18 Poison — A substance, which, owing to its high
absorption cross section, reduces the reactivity of a
reactor.
4.3.19 Burnable Poison — Poison purposely included
in a reactor to help control long-term reactivity changes
by its progressive burn-up.
4.3.20 Xenon Effect — Phenomenon that takes place
in thermal reactors due to a build up of xenon which is
a very important nuclear poison.
4.3.21 Fluid Poison Control — Control of a reactor by
adjustment of the position, or quantity of a fluid nuclear
poison in such a way as to change the reactivity. The
fluid poison may include soluble chemicals or particles
in suspension.
4.3.22 Reflector Control — Control of a reactor by
adjustment of the properties, position, or quantity of
the reflector in such a way as to change the reactivity.
4.3.23 Self-Regulation — An inherent tendency under
certain conditions of a reactor to operate at a constant
power level because of the effect on reactivity of a
change in power level.
4.3.24 Control Member or Control Element — A
movable part of a reactor which itself affects reactivity
and is used for reactor control.
4.3.25 Control Rod — A control member in the form
of a rod.
4.3.26 Control Drive — A device used for moving a
control member in the course of reactor control.
4.3.27 Coarse Control Member or Control Element
— A control member used for gross adjustment of the
reactivity of a reactor or for altering flux distribution.
4.3.28 Fine Control — Fine regulation for the purpose
of correcting reactivity drift of small amplitude.
4.3.29 Fine Control Member or Fine Control Element
or Regulating Member or Regulating Element — A

lek;kstu djus ds fy, iz;qDr gksrk gSA
4-3-30 LFkwy fu;U=k.k (f'kfeax ;k iPpj yxkuk) μ nh?kZ
vk;ke dh vkSj yEch voèkh esa folfjr lfØ;rk ds vuqxeu
esa lqèkkj ds fy, LFkwy fu;euA
4-3-31 iPpj (f'ke) vax μ fj,DVj esa nh?kZ vofèk dh
lfØ;rk vkSj ÝyDl ?kURo forj.k ds izHkkoksa ds izfrdkj gsrq
iz;qDr ,d fu;U=k.k vaxA
4-3-32 vkikr fLFkr esa cUn djuk (LØSe) μ gkfudkjd
ifjfLFkfr dks jksdus ;k de djus ds fy, fj,DVj dks rRdky
can dj nsukA
4-3-33 vkikr fLFkfr eas cUn djus ds fy, NM+ μ vko';drk
iM+us ij rqjUr dk;Z djus okyk ,d lqj{kk vaxA
4-3-34 lqj{kk vax μ ,d fu;U=k.k vax] tks vdsys ;k vkSjksa
ds lkFk feydj vkikr fLFkfr esa fj,DVj dks cUn djus ds
mís'; ls vkjf{kr ½.kkRed lfØ;rk iznku djrk gSA
4-3-35 fj,DVj lqj{kk Ý;wt μ ,d vUrfuZfgr ;qfDr tks
fj,DVj esa vR;fèkd rki ;k ÝyDl ls vuqfØ;k djus vkSj
fØ;k dh xfr dks lqjf{kr Lrj rd de dj nsus ds fy, cukbZ
xbZ gSA ;qfDr esa bldh dk;Zi.z kkyh dh lqxerk ds fy, mQtkZ
laxfz gr Hkh gks ldrh gS ;k ugha HkhA
4-3-36 {kj.k (ifjj{k.k) μ ,d ifjj{kd esa gksdj fofdj.kksa
dk ckgj fudy tkuk] fo'ks"kdj] ifjj{kd esa fNnzksa ;k njkjksa
esa gksdjA
4-3-37 jsfM;ks lfØ; lanw"k.k μ jsfM;ks lfØ; inkFkZ dk ,sls
inkFkks± esa ;k txgksa ij ifj{ksi.k] tgka ;g vokafNr gksA
4-3-38 vlanw"k.k xq.kd μ jsfM;ks lfØ; inkFkZ ds lanw"k.k dk
izkjfEHkd lkUnz.k vkSj lanw"k.k jfgr djus dh izfØ;k ds
ik'pkr~ izkIr vfUre lkUnz.k dk vuqikrA (;g in fdlh
fufnZ"V U;wDykbM ds lUnHkZ esa ;k lEiw.kZ ekiuh; jsfM;ks
lfØ;rk ds lUnHkZ esa iz;qDr gks ldrk gSA)
4-4 j[k j[kko
j[k&j[kko
4-4-1 fdj.ku μ fofdj.k ls izHkkfor djukA
4-4-2 jsfM;kslfØ; inkFkZ μ dksbZ inkFkZ ftlds ,d ;k
vfèkd vo;o jsfM;ks&lfØ;rk n'kkZrs gksaA
uksV μ fo'ks"k mís';ksa] tSls fu;U=k.k ds fy, ;g in ml jsfM;kslfØ;
inkFkZ rd lhfer gS ftldh lfØ;rk ;k fof'k"V lfØ;rk ,d
fufnZ"V eku ls vfèkd gksA
4-4-3 fofdj.k gkfu μ vk;uhdkjd fofdj.kksa ds izHkkO; ds
iQyLo:i fdlh inkFkZ ds HkkSfrd o jklk;fud xq.kèkeks± esa
?kkrd ifjorZuA
4-4-4 jsfM;kslfØ; vif'k"V μ jsfM;kslfØ; inkFkks± ds lalkèku
;k O;ogkj djus esa izkIr vuqi;ksxh jsfM;kslfØ; inkFkZA
25
vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967
control member used for small and precise
adjustment of the reactivity of a reactor.
4.3.30 Coarse Control (Shimming) — Coarse
regulation for the purpose of correcting reactivity drift
of major amplitudes spreading over a long period.
4.3.31 Shim Member or Shim Element — A control
member used to compensate for long-term reactivity
and flux density distribution effects in a reactor.
4.3.32 Emergency Shutdown or Scram — The act
of shutting down a reactor suddenly to prevent or
minimize a dangerous condition.
4.3.33 Emergency Shutdown Rod — Safety member
for immediate action if required.
4.3.34 Safety Member — A control member which,
singly or in concert with others, provides a reserve
of negative reactivity for the purpose of emergency
shutdown of a reactor.
4.3.35 Reactor Safety Fuse — A self-contained
device designed to respond to excessive temperature
or flux in a reactor and to act to reduce the reaction
rate to a safe level. The device may or may not
contain stored energy to facilitate its operation.
4.3.36 Leakage (Shielding) — Escape of radiation
through a shield, especially by way of holes or cracks
through the shield.
4.3.37 Radioactive Contamination — A radioactive
substance dispersed in materials or places where it
is undesirable.
4.3.38 Decontamination Factor — The ratio of the
initial concentration of contamination of radioactive
material to the final concentration arrived at through a
process of decontamination. (The term may refer to a
specified nuclide or to gross measurable radioactivity.)
4.4 Maintenance
4.4.1 Irradiation — Radiation exposure.
4.4.2 Radioactive Material — A material of which
one or more constituents exhibit radioactivity.
NOTE — For special purposes such as regulation, this term
may be restricted to radioactive material with an activity or a
specific activity greater than a specified value.
4.4.3 Radiation Damage — Deleterious changes
in the physical or chemical properties of a material
as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation.
4.4.4 Radioactive Waste — Unusable radioactive
materials obtained in the processing or handling
of radioactive materials.
vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967
4-4-5 mÙkj&mQ"ek
d) cUn fd, x, fj,DVj ds fy,] vof'k"V
jsfM;kslfØ;rk vkSj fo[k.Mu ls mRiUu mQ"ekA
[k) fj,DVj ds b±èku ;k vU; ?kVdksa dks fj,DVj esa ls
ckgj fudkyus ds i'pkr~ muesa vof'k"V jsfM;ks
lfØ;rk ds dkj.k mRiUu gq, mQ"ekA
4-4-6 xeZ (gkWV) μ ,d in tks lkekU;r% ^vR;fèkd
jsfM;kslfØ;* gksus ds vFkZ esa iz;qDr gksrk gSA
4-4-7 b±èku dk ty tkuk (cuZ&vkmV) μ fj,DVj rduhdh
esa] b±èku izHkkx esa mRiUu mQ"ek dks 'khyrd }kjk folfjr
djus esa vliQy gksus ds dkj.k b±èku vo;o dh xaHkhj
LFkkuh; gkfuA
4-4-8 Lyx izLiQksV μ vkoj.k (DySfMax) esa ls {kj.k gksukA
4-4-9 ?kku Mkyuk μ fj,DVj esa ukfHkdh; b±èku HkjukA
4-4-10 b±èku (èkku) Mkyus dh e'khu μ fj,DVj esa b±èku
Hkjus ds fy, midj.kA
4-4-11 b±èku foltZu dh e'khu μ fj,DVj esa ls b±èku dks
ckgj fudkyus d fy, midj.kA
4-4-12 dkLd μ jsfM;kslfØ; inkFkks± ds Hk.Mkjk ;k ykus&ys
tkus ds fy, iz;qDr ,d ifjjf{kr ik=kA
4-4-13 b±èku 'khryu la;U=k μ ,d cM+k ik=k ;k lSy]
lkekU;r% ikuh ls Hkjk gqvk] ftlesa ukfHkdh; b±èku ds
vof'k"V dks bldh jsfM;ks lfØ;rk okafNr Lrj rd de gks
tkus rd j[kk tkrk gSA
4-4-14 b±èku dk iqu% laLdj.k μ fj,DVj esa ,d ckj iz;qDr
gks pqds b±èku esa ls fo[k.Mu mRikn i`Fkd~ djus vkSj fonY;
o moZj inkFkZ iqu% izkIr djus ds fy, izfØ;kA
4-4-15 fuL;and (fiQYVj) μ vo'kks"kd inkFkZ] ftleas
gksdj jsfM;ks lfØ; inkFkZ dks xqtkjk tkrk gS] ftlls vo'kksf"kr
gksus ;ksX; ?kVd i`Fkd~ gks tk,aA
4-4-16 vkoj.k (DySfMax) (izfØ;k) μ fdlh inkFkZ dks
<dus ;k can djus ds fy, vkoj.k iznku djukA
4-4-17 fMCck canh (dSfuax) (izfØ;k) μ fdlh inkFkZ dks
ik=k esa can djus dh izfØ;kA
26
4.4.5 After-Heat
a) For a shut-down reactor the heat resulting from
residual radioactivity and fission.
b) For reactor fuel or reactor components after
removal from the reactor, the heat resulting
from residues radioactivity.
4.4.6 Hot — An expression commonly used to mean
‘highly radioactive’.
4.4.7 Fuel Burn-Out (Reactor Technology) — In
reactor technology, severe local damage of a fuel
element, due to failure of the coolant to dissipate all
the heat produced in the element.
4.4.8 Slug Burst — Occurrence of a leakage in the
cladding.
4.4.9 Loading — Introduction of the nuclear fuel into
the reactor.
4.4.10 Fuel Charging Machine — Apparatus for
introducing the fuel into the reactor.
4.4.11 Fuel Discharging Machine — Apparatus for
extracting the fuel from a reactor.
4.4.12 Cask — A shielded container used to store or
transport radioactive material.
4.4.13 Fuel Cooling Installation — A large container
or cell, usually filled with water, in which spent nuclear
fuel is set aside until its radioactivity has decreased to
a desired level.
4.4.14 Fuel Reprocessing — The processing of nuclear
fuel, after its use in a reactor, to remove fission
products and recover fissile and fertile material.
4.4.15 Filter — Absorbing matter through which
radioactive material is passed to remove the absorbable
constitutents.
4.4.16 Cladding (Process) — The process of providing
a material with a cladding.
4.4.17 Canning (Process) — The process of providing
a material with a can.
 vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967

APPENDIX A
(Foreword)
PARTS OF IS 1885 ELECTROTECHNICAL VOCABULARY

vuqcaèk d
(çkDdFku)
vkbZ,l 1885 fo|qr&rduhdh ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh ds Hkkx

vkbZ,l la- 'kh"kZd IS No. Title

1885 (Hkkx 1)% fo|qr rduhdh ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh% Hkkx 1 1885 (Part 1) : Electrotechnical vocabulary: Part 1
1961 ekSfyd ifjHkk"kk,a 1961 Fundamental definitions
(Hkkx 2) % fo|qr rduhdh ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh% Hkkx 2 (Part 2 : 1961 Electrotechnical vocabulary: Part 2
1961 e'khusa vkSj VªkUliQkeZj Machines and transformers
(Part 3/Sec 1) : Electrotechnical vocabulary: Part 3
(Hkkx 3/ fo|qr rduhdh ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh% Hkkx 3
1965 Acoustics, Section 1 Physical acoustics
[k.M 1) % 1965 èofu&foKku] [k.M 1 HkkSfrd èofu&foKku
(Part 4/Sec 1) : Electrotechnical vocabulary: Part 4
(Hkkx 4/ fo|qr rduhdh ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh% Hkkx 4 1965 Electron tubes and values, Section 1
[k.M 1) % 1965 bysDVªkWu ufydk,a vkSj okYo] [k.M 1 Receiving valves
vfHkxzkgh okYo (Part 4/Sec 2) : Electrotechnical vocabulary: Part 4
(Hkkx 4/ fo|qr rduhdh ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh% Hkkx 4 1965 Electron tubes and valves, Section 2
[k.M 2) % 1965 ,ysDVªkWu ufydk,a vkSj okYo] [k.M 2 X-ray tubes
X–fdj.k ufydk,a (Part 5) : 1965 Electrotechnical vocabulary: Part 5
(Hkkx 5) % fo|qr rduhdh ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh% Hkkx 5 Quartz crystals
1965 DokVZ~t (LiQfVd) fØLVy (Part 6) : 1965 Electrotechnical vocabulary: Part 6
Printed circuits
(Hkkx 6) % fo|qr rduhdh ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh% Hkkx 6
1965 eqfnzr ifjiFk (fizUVsM l£dV) (Part 7) : 1965 Electrotechnical vocabulary: Part 7
(Hkkx 7) % fo|qr rduhdh ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh% Hkkx 7 Semiconductor devices
1965 v¼Zpkyd ;qfDr;ka (Part 8) : 1965 Electrotechnical vocabulary: Part 8
(Hkkx 8) % fo|qr rduhdh ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh% Hkkx 8 Secondary cells and batteries
1965 lapk;d lSy vkSj cSVfj;ka (Part 9) : 1966 Electrotechnical vocabulary: Part 9
Electrical relays
(Hkkx 9) % fo|qr rduhdh ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh% Hkkx 9
1966 oS|qr fjys (Part 10) : 1993 Electrotechnical vocabulary: Part 10
Power system protection (first
(Hkkx 10) % fo|qr rduhdh ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh% Hkkx 10
revision)
1993 ikoj ra=k laj{k.k (igyk iqujh{k.k)
(Part 11) : 1966 Electrotechnical vocabulary: Part 11
(Hkkx 11) % fo|qr rduhdh ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh% Hkkx 11 Electrical measurements
1966 oS|qr ekisa (Part 12) : 1966 Electrotechnical vocabulary: Part 12
(Hkkx 12) % fo|qr rduhdh ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh% Hkkx 12 Ferromagnetic oxide materials
1966 yksg pqEcdh; vkWDlkbM inkFkZ (Part 13/Sec 2) : Electrotechnical vocabulary: Part 13
(Hkkx 13/ fo|qr rduhdh ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh % 1967 Telecommunication transmission
[k.M 2) % 1967 Hkkx 13 nwj lapkj lapj.k ykbusa vkSj rjax lines and waveguides, Section 2
iFk fuèkkZfj=k] [k.M 2 lw{e rjax lapkj Microwave transmission lines and
ykbusa vkSj rjax iFk fuèkkZfj=k waveguides

27
vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967

vuqØef.kdk
uksV μ ;g vuqØef.kdk vkbZ,l 1275 % 1958* ds vuqlkj cukbZ xbZ gSA vuqØe la[;k,a [kaM la[;k,a gSaA
Irt = osQ lanHkZ esa

INDEX
NOTE — This index has been prepared in accordance with IS 1275 : 1938*. Index numbers are clause numbers.

Irt = in relation to

A A
vo'kks"kd Absorber
U;wVªkWu (inkFkZ) 4-3-16 Neutron (material) 4.3.16
U;wVªkWu (oLrq) 4-3-17 Neutron (object) 4.3.17
vo'kks"k.k 2-2-41 Absorption 2.2.41
xq.kkad 2-2-43 coefficient 2.2.43
fu;U=k.k 4-3-15 control 4.3.15
pj?kkrkadh 2-2-42 Exponential 2.2.42
U;wVªkWu 2-2-35 Neutron 2.2.35
vuquknh 2-2-36 Resonance 2.2.36
ckgqY; Abundance

leLFkkfudh; 2-1-9 Isotopic 2.1.9

vuqikr 2-1-10 ratio 2.1.10

lfØ;.k 2-2-17 Activation 2.2.17

ifj{ks=k 2-3-4 cross-section 2.3.4

Active
lfØ;
ØksM 4-2-11 core 4.2.11
fu{ksi 2-2-19 deposit 2.1.19

lfØ;rk Activity

oØ 2-2-22 curve 2.2.22

jsfM;kslfØ; U;wDykbM dh dqN ek=kk dh 2-2-18 of a quantity of a radioactive nuclide 2.2.18
fof'k"V 2-2-20 Specific 2.2.20
bdkbZ&vk;ru 2-2-21 Unit-volume 2.2.21
mÙkj&mQ"ek 4-4-5 After-heat 4.4.5
vk;q 3-1-24 Age 3.1.24
,YchMks (U;wVªkWu ds fy,) 2-2-29 Albedo irt Neutron 2.2.29
,sYiQk Alpha
mRltZd 2-1-18 emitter 2.1.18
d.k 2-1-21 particle 2.1.21
fofdj.k 2-1-22 radiation 2.1.22
vuqikr 2-3-24 ratio 2.3.24

* o.kZØekuqlkj vuqØef.kdk cukus ds fu;eA * Rules for making alphabetical indexes.

28
 vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967

{ks=k Area
folj.k 3-1-5 Diffusion 3.1.5
vfHkxeu 3-1-7 Migration 3.1.7
eanu 3-1-3 Slowing-down 3.1.3
laxgz (lap;) Assembly
pj?kkrkadh 3-2-17 Exponential 3.2.17
b±èku 4-2-6 Fuel 4.2.6
ijek.kq (,Ve) 2-1-1 Atom 2.1.1
ijek.kq la[;k 2-1-6 Atomic number 2.1.6
{kh.ku 2-2-37 Attenuation 2.2.37
xq.kkad 2-2-39 coefficient 2.2.39
xq.kd 2-2-40 factor 2.2.40
T;kferh; 2-2-38 Geometric 2.2.38
vkSlr y?kqx.kdh; mQtkZ mi{k; 3-1-10 Average logarithmic energy decrement 3.1.10
B B
ckuZ 2-3-2 Barn 2.3.2
fdj.kiqat 3-1-17 Beam 3.1.17
fNnz 4-2-17 hole 4.2.17
chVk Beta
fo?kVu 2-1-26 disintegration 2.1.26
mRlZtd 2-1-18 emitter 2.1.18
d.k 2-1-24 particle 2.1.24
fdj.k LisDVªe 2-1-27 ray spectrum 2.1.27
cUèku mQtkZ 2-2-52 Binding energy 2.2.52
tSfod ifjj{kd 4-2-24 Biological shield 4.2.24
vkoj.k 4-2-15 Blanket 4.2.15
ckáxf.kr lhek js[kk 4-2-25 Boundary extrapolated 4.2.25
iztud fj,DVj 4-1-14 Breeder reactor 4.1.14
iztuu 3-2-35 Breeding 3.2.35
ykHk 3-2-37 gain 3.2.37
vuqikr 3-2-36 ratio 3.2.36
csszeLVªkyqax 2-1-34 Bremsstrahlung 2.1.34
vkdqapu Buckling
T;kferh; 3-2-19 Geometric 3.2.19
inkFkZ 3-2-18 Material 3.2.18
fcYM&vi xq.kd 2-2-28 Build-up factor 2.2.28
ngu;ksX; fo"k 4-3-19 burnable poison 4.3.19
cuZ&vi (ngu) 3-2-27 Burn-up 3.2.27
izHkkt 3-2-28 fraction 3.2.28
izLiQksV] Lyx 4-4-8 Burst, slug 4.4.8
29
vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967

C C
dSMfe;e laLrCèk 2-1-48 Cadmium cut-off 2.1.48
izHkkoh 2-1-49 Effective 2.1.49
fMCckcanh (izfØ;k) 4-4-17 Canning (process) 4.4.17

izxzg.k 2-2-31 Capture 2.2.31

ifj{ks=k 2-3-20 cross-section 2.3.20

xkek fofdj.k 2-1-32 gamma radiation 2.1.32
fofdj.kdkjh 2-2-32 Radiative 2.2.32
vuquknh 2-2-34 Resonance 2.2.34
lSy (fj,DVj) 4-2-13 Cell (reactor) 4.2.13
Ük`a[kyk fo[k.Mu yfCèk 2-2-61 Chain fission yield 2.2.61
pSuy 4-2-9 Channel 4.2.9
fdj.ku 4-2-16 Irradiation 4.2.16
pktZ (?kku) 4-2-10 Charge 4.2.10

ifjiFk&fn~orh;d 'khryd 4-2-20 circuit secondary coolant 4.2.20

ifjlapkjh fj,DVj 4-1-8 Circulating reactor 4.1.8

vkoj.k ;k ik=k 4-2-7 Cladding or can 4.2.7

vkoj.k (izfØ;k) 4-4-16 Cladding (process) 4.4.16

LFkwy fu;U=k.k 4-3-30 Coarse control 4.3.30

vax] vo;o 4-3-27 element: member 4.3.27

Coefficient
xq.kkad
Absorption 2.2.43
vo'kks"k.k 2-2-43
{kh.ku 2-2-39 Attenuation 2.2.39
folj.k U;wVªkWu ÝyDl ?kuRo ds fy, 2-2-27 diffusion for neutron flux density 2.2.27
lfØ;rk rki 3-2-26 Reactivity temperature 3.2.26
Coherent scattering 2.2.45
dyk lEc¼ izdh.kZu 2-2-45
ifj{ks=k 2-3-10 cross-section 2.3.10
Compound nucleus 2.1.4
la;qDr U;wfDy;l 2-1-4
Configuration control 4.3.11
foU;klh fu;U=k.k 4-3-11
fu;rkad (fLFkjkad) Constant

fo?kVu 2-2-10 Disintegration 2.2.10

izHkkoh xq.ku 3-2-22 Effective multiplication 3.2.22
vuUr xq.ku 3-2-21 Infinite multiplication 3.2.21
vo;oh Hkkx 4-2 Constituent parts 4.2

vojksèkd 4-2-21 Containment 4.2.21

jsfM;kslfØ; lanw"k.k 4-3-37 Contamination Radioactive 4.3.37
Control
fu;U=k.k
Absorption 4.3.15
vo'kks"k.k 4-3-15
drive 4.3.26
pkyd 4-3-26
element 4.3.24
vax 4-3-24
30
 vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967

fu;U=k.k (tkjh) Control (Contd)

lw{e 4-3-28 Fine 4.3.28
rjy fo"k 4-3-21 Fluid poison 4.3.21
b±èku 4-3-12 Fuel 4.3.12
vo;o 4-3-24 member 4.3.24
eand 4-3-13 Moderator 4.3.13
fj,DVj 4-3-10 Reactor 4.3.10
ijkorZd 4-3-22 Reflector 4.3.22
NM+ 4-3-25 rod 4.3.25
LisDVªeh foLFkkiuk 4-3-14 spectral shift 4.3.14
:<+ ÝyDl ?kuRo 3-1-23 Conventional flux density 3.1.23

vfHklkjh fØ;k 3-2-2 Convergent reaction 3.2.2

:ikUrj.k Conversion
vuqikr 3-2-34 ratio 3.2.34
fj,DVj rduhdh ds lUnHkZ esa 3-2-33 irt reactor technology 3.2.33
ifjorZd Converter
U;wVªkWu 4-2-27 Neutron 4.2.27
fj,DVj 4-1-13 reactor 4.1.13
ØksM+ 4-2-12 Core 4.2.12

lfØ; 4-2-11 Active 4.2.11

Counter range 4.3.5
xf.kr ijkl 4-3-5
Critical 3.2.5
ØkfUrd 3-2-5
Delayed 3.2.7
foyfEcr 3-2-7
equation 3.2.9
lehdj.k 3-2-9
ijh{k.k 3-2-8 experiment 3.2.8
nzO;eku 3-2-10 mass 3.2.10
rRdky 3-2-6 Prompt 3.2.6
lkbt (eki) 3-2-11 size 3.2.11

ifj{ks=k 2-3-1 Cross-Section 2.3.1

Activation 2.3.4
lfØ;.k 2-3-4
izxzg.k 2-3-20 Capture 2.3.20
dyk lEc¼ izdh.kZu 2-3-10 Coherent scattering 2.3.10
foHksnh 2-3-5 Differential 2.3.5
MkWYij&vkSlr 2-3-6 Doppler-averaged 2.3.6
izHkkoh rkih; 2-3-8 Effective thermal 2.3.8
izR;kLFk izdh.kZu 2-3-12 Elastic scattering 2.3.12
fo[k.Mu 2-3-23 Fission 2.3.23
lewg fu"dklu 2-3-18 Group removal 2.3.18
lewg vUrj.k izdh.kZu 2-3-17 Group transfer scattering 2.3.17
dykvlEc¼ izdh.kZu 2-3-11 Incoherent scattering 2.3.11
vizR;kLFk izdh.kZu 2-3-13 Inelastic scattering 2.3.13
LFkwy 2-3-3 Macroscopic 2.3.3
lw{e 2-3-1 Microscopic 2.3.1

31
vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967

ifj{ks=k (tkjh) Cross-Section (Contd)

U;wVªkWu vo'kks"k.k 2-3-22 Neutron absorption 2.3.22
vizR;kLFk (vU;ksU; fØ;k ds lUnHkZ esa) 2-3-19 Nonelastic irt interaction 2.3.19
Radiative capture 2.3.21
fofdj.kkRed izxzg.k 2-3-21
Scattering 2.3.9
izdh.kZu 2-3-9
Thermal 2.3.7
rkih; 2-3-7
vizR;kLFk izdh.kZu 2-3-15 inelastic scattering 2.3.15
lEiw.kZ 2-3-25 Total 2.3.25
vfHkxeu 2-3-16 Transport 2.3.16
Cumulative fission yield 2.2.60
lap;h fo[k.Mu yfCèk 2-2-60
D;wjh (ci) 2-2-19 Curie (Ci) 2.2.19

lfØ;rk oØ 2-2-22 Curve Activity 2.2.22

laLrCèk (dV&vkWiQ) Cut-Off

dSMfe;e 2-1-48 Cadmium 2.1.48

izHkkoh dSMfe;e 2-1-49 Effective cadmium 2.1.49
Cycle Neutron 3.1.15
U;wVªkWu pØ 3-1-15
D D
fofdj.k gkfu 4-4-3 Damage Radiation 4.4.3
{k; Decay
pj?kkrkadh 2-2-24 Exponential of a quantity 2.2.24
mRikn 2-1-14 product 2.1.14
jsfM;ks,sfDVo 2-2-16 Radioactive 2.2.16
vlanw"k.k xq.kd 4-3-38 Decontamination factor 4.3.38
vi{k;&vkSlr y?kqx.kdh; mQtkZ 3-1-10 Decrement Average logarithmic energy 3.1.10
nzO;eku {kfr 2-2-51 Defect Mass 2.2.51
foyfEcr Delayed
ØkfUrd 3-2-7 critical 3.2.7
U;wVªkWu 2-1-43 neutrons 2.1.43
izHkkt 2-2-64 fraction 2.2.64
izHkkoh 2-2-65 Effective 2.2.65
?kuRo Density
:<+ ÝyDl 3-1-23 conventional flux 3.1.23
U;wVªkWu (la[;k) 3-1-19 Neutron (number) 3.1.19
d.kh; èkkjk 3-1-18 Particle current 3.1.18
fofdj.k mQtkZ ÝyDl (I) 3-1-22 Radiant energy flux (I) 3.1.22
2 200 ehVj izfr lSd.M ÝyDl 3-1-23 2 200 metre per second flux 3.1.23
vo{k;hr inkFkZ 4-2-3 Depleted material 4.2.3
vo{k; 3-2-31 depletion 3.2.31
fu{ksi lfØ; 2-1-19 Deposit Active 2.1.19
foHksnh ifj{ksi 2-3-5 Differential cross-section 2.3.5

32
 vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967

folj.k Diffusion
{ks=k 3-1-5 area 3.1.5
U;wVªkWu ÝyDl ?kuRo ds fy, xq.kkad 2-2-27 coefficient for neutron flux density 2.2.27
nwjh 3-1-6 length 3.1.6
u;wVªkWu 2-2-26 Neutron 2.2.26
izR;{k fo[k.Mu yfCèk 2-2-59 Direct fission yield 2.2.59

vykHkdkjh ?kVd 3-1-25 Disadvantage factor 3.1.25

fo?kVu Disintegration

chVk 2-1-26 Beta 2.1.26

fLFkjkad 2-2-10 constant 2.2.10
mQtkZ 2-2-12 energy 2.2.12
ukfHkdh; 2-2-9 nuclear 2.2.9
nj 2-2-11 rate 2.2.11
Øe fopyu 2-2-1 disordering 2.2.1

vilj.k 3-2-3 Divergence 3.2.3

MkWIyj&vkSlr ifj{ksi 2-3-6 Doppler-averaged cross-section 2.3.6

fu;U=kd pkyd 4-3-26 Drive Control 4.3.26

E E

ferO;;h U;wVªkWu 3-1-16 Economy neutron 3.1.16

izHkko Effect

izdk'k fn|qr 2-2-7 Photoelectric 2.2.7

foxuj 2-2-2 Wigner 2.2.2

izHkkoh Effective

dSMfe;e laLrCèk (dV&vkWiQ) 2-1-49 cadmium cut-off 2.1.49

foyfEcr U;wVªkWu izHkkt 2-2-65 delayed neutron fraction 2.2.65
xq.ku fu;rkad 3-2-22 multiplication constant 3.2.22
rkih; ifj{ksi 2-3-8 thermal cross-section 2.3.8
izR;kLFk izdh.kZu 2-2-47 Elastic scattering 2.2.47
ifj{ks=k 2-3-12 cross-section 2.3.12
fo|qr mRiknd fj,DVj 4-1-16 Electricity production reactor 4.1.16

bysDVªkWu 2-1-23 Electron 2.1.23

ikWthVªkWu ;qXe 2-1-28 positron pair 2.1.28

vo;o Element
LFkwy fu;U=kd 4-3-27 Coarse control 4.3.27
fu;U=k.k 4-3-24 Control 4.3.24
lw{e fu;U=kd 4-3-29 Fine control; Regulating 4.3.29
f'ke (iPpj) 4-3-31 Shim 4.3.31
vkikrdkyhu can 4-3-32 Emergency shut-down 4.3.32
NM+ 4-3-33 rod 4.3.33

33
vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967

mRltZd Emitter
,sYiQk] chVk] xkek 2-1-18 Alpha, Beta, Gamma 2.1.18
mQtkZ Energy

cUèku 2-2-52 Binding 2.2.52

fo?kVu 2-2-12 Disintegration 2.2.12
ukfHkdh; 3-2-1 Nuclear 3.2.1
le`¼ Enriched

inkFkZ 4-2-2 material 4.2.2

fj,DVj 4-1-5 reactor 4.1.5

le`f¼ 3-2-32 Enrichment 3.2.32

,sfidSMfe;e U;wVªkWu 2-1-47 Epicadmium neutrons 2.1.47

vYirkih; Epithermal
U;wVªkWu 2-1-52 neutrons 2.1.52
,fjDVj 4-1-11 reactor 4.1.11
ØkfUrd lehdj.k 3-2-9 Equation Critical 3.2.9

bZVk ?kVd 3-2-23 Eta factor 3.2.23

izR;k'kk&iqujko`Ùk fo[k.Mu 3-2-14 Expectation Iterated fission 3.2.14

izk;ksfxd (ijh{k.k) Experimental

ØkfUrd 3-2-8 Critical 3.2.8

pj?kkrkadh 3-2-16 Exponential 3.2.16
fj,DVj 4-1-18 reactor 4.1.18
Exponential
pj?kkrkadh
absorption 2.2.42
vo'kks"k.k 2-2-42
laxgz 3-2-17 Assembly 3.2.17
{k; (ek=kk dk) 2-2-24 decay (of a quantity) 2.2.24
ijh{k.k 3-2-16 experiment 3.2.16

ls lacaèkh vfHkO;fDr;ka Expressions relating to

U;wVªkWu lEcUèkh in 3-1 Neutrons 3.1
ijek.kq HkV~Vh (fj,DVj) lEcUèkh in 3-2 Reactor 3.2

ckáxIifur lhek 4-2-25 Extrapolated boundary 4.2.25

F F
xq.kd (?kVd) Factor
{kh.ku 2-2-40 Attenuation 2.2.40
fcYM&vi 2-2-28 Build-up 2.2.28
vlanw"k.k 4-3-38 Decontamination 4.3.38
vykHkdkjh 3-1-25 Disadvantage 3.1.25
bZVk 3-2-23 Eta 3.2.23
xq.ku 3-2-20 Multiplication 3.2.20

34
 vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967

rhoz Fast

fo[k.Mu ?kVd 3-2-24 fission factor 3.2.24

U;wVªkWu 2-1-44 neutrons 2.1.44
fj,DVj 4-1-9 reactor 4.1.9
moZj 2-2-53 Fertile 2.2.53

fuLiand (fiQYVj) 4-4-15 Filter 4.4.15

lw{e fu;U=k.k 4-3-28 Fine control 4.3.28

vO;o] vax 4-3-29 element, member 4.3.29

fonY; 2-2-66 Fissile 2.2.66

inkFkZ mRiknd fj,DVj 4-1-19 material production reactor 4.1.19

fo[k.Mu Fission
ifj{ks=k 2-3-23 Cross-section 2.3.23
izR;k'kk] iqujko`Ùk 3-2-14 expectation; Iterated 3.2.14
rhoz 2-2-62 Fast 2.2.62
[k.M 2-1-15 Fragments 2.1.15
U;wVªkWu 2-1-41 Neutrons 2.1.41
ukfHkdh; 2-2-55 Nuclear 2.2.55
mRikn 2-1-16 products 2.1.16
LisdVªe 2-2-57 spectrum 2.2.57
rkih; 2-2-67 Thermal 2.2.67
yfCèk 2-2-58 Yield 2.2.58
Üka`[kyk 2-2-61 Chain 2.2.61
lap;h 2-2-60 Cumulative 2.2.60
izR;{k] izkFkfed 2-2-59 Direct; Independent; Primary 2.2.59
Fissionable 2.2.54
fo[k.Muh; 2-2-54
èkkjkizokg 3-1-20 Fluence 3.1.20

rjyfo"k fu;U=k.k 4-3-21 Fluid poison control 4.3.21

rjyhÑr fj,DVj 4-1-7 Fluidized reactor 4.1.7
ÝyDl Flux

:<+ 3-1-23 Conventional 3.1.23

?kuRo 3-1-20 density 3.1.20
d.k 3-3-21 Particle 3.1.21
fofdj.k mQtkZ 3-1-22 Radiant energy 3.1.22
2 200 ehVj izfr lsd.M 3-1-23 2 200 metre per second 3.1.23

izHkkt
cuZ&vi (ngu) 3-2-28
foyfEc U;wVªkWu 2-2-64
izHkkoh foyfEcr U;wVªkWu 2-2-65
rkRdkfyd U;wVªkWu 2-2-63
Fraction
Burn-up 3.2.28
delayed neutron 2.2.64
Effective delayed neutron 2.2.65
Prompt neutron 2.2.63

b±èku Fuel
lap; 4-2-6 assembly 4.2.6

35
vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967

b±èku (tkjh) Fuel (Contd)

ty tkuk (cuZ&vkmV) 4-4-7 burn-out (Reactor technology) 4.4.7
?kku Mkyus dh e'khu 4-4-10 charging machine 4.4.10
'khryu la;U=k 4-4-13 cooling installation 4.4.13
foltZu dh e'khu 4-4-11 discharging machine 4.4.11
fdj.ku Lrj 3-2-29 irradiation level 3.2.29
iqulalkèku 4-4-14 reprocessing 4.4.14

egÙo iQyu 3-2-13 Function Importance 3.2.13

Fuse Reactor safety 4.3.35
Ý;wt fj,DVj lqj{kk 4-3-35
G G

xkek Gamma

mRltZd 2-1-18 emitter 2.1.18

fofdj.k 2-1-31 radiation 2.1.31
General 2.1
lkekU; 2-1
mRiknu dky 3-1-14 Generation time 3.1.14

T;kferh; Geometric

{kh.ku 2-2-38 attenuation 2.2.38

vkdqapu 3-2-19 buckling 3.2.19
Group
lewg
Neutron energy 3.1.12
U;wVªkWu mQtkZ 3-1-12
removal cross-section 2.3.18
fu"dklu ifj{ks=k 2-3-18
vUrj.k izdh.kZu ifj{ks=k 2-3-17 transfer scattering cross-section 2.3.17
H
H
Half-life Radioactivity 2.2.23
v¼Z&vk;q jsfM;ks,sfDVfoVh 2-2-23
Heat
mQ"ek
After 4.4.5
mÙkj 4-4-5 production reactor 4.1.16
mRiknd fj,DVj 4-1-16
Heterogeneous reactor 4.1.3
fo"kekax fj,DVj 4-1-3
High-flux research reactor 4.1.17
mPp&ÝyDl vuqlaèkku fj,DVj 4-1-17
Hole Beam 4.2.17
fdj.k iqat fNnz 4-2-17
Homogeneous reactor 4.1.3
lekax fj,DVj 4-1-2
Hot 4.4.6
xeZ (gkWV) 4-4-6
I I

egRo Importance

iQyu 3-2-13 function 3.2.13

lkis{k 3-2-12 Relative 3.2.12
Incoherent scattering 2.2.46
dyk vlEcn~èk izdh.kZu 2-2-46
Cross-section 2.3.11
ifj{ks=k 2-3-11
Independent fission yield 2.2.59
LorU=k fo[k.Mu yfCèk 2-2-59

36
 vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967

vizR;kLFk izdh.kZu 2-2-48 Inelastic scattering 2.2.48

ifj{ks=k 2-3-13 cross-section 2.3.13
vuUr xq.ku fu;rkad 3-2-21 Infinite multiplication constant 3.2.21

la;U=k&b±èku 'khryd 4-4-13 Installation Fuel cooling 4.4.13

vU;ksU; fØ;k,¡ 2-2 Interactions 2.2

eè;orhZ Intermediate

U;wVªkWu 2-1-45 neutrons 2.1.45

fj,DVj] LisDVªe fj,DVj 4-1-10 reactor; spectrum reactor 4.1.10
vk;u 2-1-2 Ion 2.1.2

vk;uu 2-2-3 Ionization 2.2.3

jsf[k, ;k fof'k"V (,d fcUnq ij) 2-2-6 Linear or specific (at a point) 2.2.6
izkFkfed 2-2-5 primary 2.2.5
lEiw.kZ 2-2-4 Total 2.2.4
fdj.ku 4-4-1 Irradiation 4.4.1

okfguh 4-2-16 Channel 4.2.16

Isotope-production reactor 4.1.19
leLFkkfud mRiknd fj,DVj 4-1-19
Isotopes 2.1.8
leLFkkfud 2-1-8
Isotopic abundance 2.1.9
leLFkkfud ckgqY; 2-1-9
Iterated fission expectation 3.2.14
iqjuko`Ùk izR;k'kk 3-2-14
L L

{kj.k Leakage

fj,DVj fl¼kUr 2-2-30 (reactor theory) 2.2.30

ifjj{k.k 4-3-36 (shielding) 4.3.36
Length
nwjh (yEckbZ)
Diffusion 2.1.6
folj.k 2-1-6
Migration 3.1.8
vfHkxeu 3-1-8
eanu 3-1-4 Slowing-down 3.1.4
fu"ps"Vk 3-1-9 Lethargy 3.1.9

Lrj Level

b±èkj fdj.ku 3-2-29 Fuel irradiation 3.2.29

vuqukn 2-2-33 Resonance 2.2.33
?kku Mkyuk (yksfMax) 4-4-9 Loading 4.4.9

U;wuÝyDl vuqlaèkku fj,DVj 4-1-17 Low-flux research reactor 4.1.17

M M

e'khu Machine

b±èku (?kku) Mkyus dh 4-4-10 Charging fuel 4.4.10

b±èku foltZu dh 4-4-11 Discharging fuel 4.4.11
macroscopic cross-section 2.3.3
LFkwy ifj{ks=k 2-3-3
j[k&j[kko 4-4 Maintenance 4.4

37
vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967

nzO;eku Mass
ØkfUrd 3-2-10 critical 3.2.10
{kfr 2-2-51 defect 2.2.51
la[;k 2-1-5 number 2.1.5
inkFkZ Material
vkdqapu 3-2-18 buckling 3.2.18
vo{k;fr 4-2-3 depleted 4.2.3
le`¼ 4-2-2 Enriched 4.2.2
U;wVªkWu vo'kks"kd 4-3-16 Neutron absorber 4.3.16
ekè; Mean
eqDr iFk 3-1-1 free path 3.1.1
vk;q 2-2-25 life 2.2.25
vax (lnL;) Member
LFkwy fu;U=kd 4-3-27 Coarse control 4.3.27
fu;U=kd 4-3-24 Control 4.3.24
lw{e fu;U=kd] lek;kstd 4-3-29 fine control; Regulating 4.3.29
lqj{kk 4-3-34 Safety 4.3.34
f'ke 4-3-31 Shim 4.3.31
2 200 ehVj izfr lsd.M ÝyDl ?kuRo 3-1-23 2 200 metres per second flux density 3.1.23
lw{e ifj{ks=k 2-3-1 Microscopic Cross-section 2.3.1

vfHkxeu Migration

{ks=k 3-1-7 area 3.1.7

nwjh 3-1-8 length 3.1.8

eanu 2-2-49 Moderation 2.2.49

eand 4-2-18 Moderator 4.2.18

fu;U=k.k 4-3-13 control 4.3.13

Multigroup model 3.1.13
cgq lewg izfr:i 3-1-13
Multiplication (subcritical) 3.2.15
xq.ku (miØkfUrd) 3-2-15
factor 3.2.20
?kVd 3-2-20
N
N
Natural
izkÑfrd
radioactivity 2.2.14
jsfM;ks lfØ;rk 2-2-14
uranium reactor 4.1.4
;wjsfu;e fj,DVj 4-1-4
Neutron 2.1.39
U;wVªkWu 2-1-39
absorber (material) 4.3.16
'kks"kd (inkFkZ) 4-3-16
(oLrq) 4-3-17 (object) 4.3.17
absorption 2.2.35
vo'kks"k.k 2-2-35
ifj{ks=k 2-3-22 cross-section 2.3.22
,yCkhMks 2-3-29 albedo 2.2.29
ifjorZd 4-2-27 convertor 4.2.27

38
 vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967

U;wVªkWu (tkjh) Neutrons (Contd)

èkkjk ?kuRo 3-1-18 current density 3.1.18
pØ 3-1-15 cycle 3.1.15
folj.k 2-2-26 diffusion 2.2.26
mQtkZ lewg 3-1-12 economy 3.1.16
vkfèkD; 2-1-40 energy group 3.1.12
ÝyDl ?kuRo] folj.k xq.kkad 2-2-27 excess 2.1.40
izHkkt izHkkoh] foyfEcr 2-2-65 flux density, Diffusion coefficient 2.2.27
xq.ku 2-2-56 fraction, Effective delayed 2.2.65
multiplication 2.2.56
(la[;k) ?kuRo 3-1-19
(number) density 3.1.19
foyfEcr 2-1-43 Delayed 2.1.43
,fidSMfe;e 2-1-47 epicadmium 2.1.47
vYirkih 2-1-52 Epithermal 2.1.52
lEcfUèkr in 3-1
Expressions relating to 3.1
rhozxkeh 2-1-44
Fast 2.1.44
fo[k.Mu 2-1-41
Fission 2.1.41
eè;orhZ 2-1-45
Intermediate 2.1.45
rRdkfyd 2-1-42
Prompt 2.1.42
vuquknh 2-1-46
Resonance 2.1.46
eanxkeh 2-1-51
slow 2.1.51
lcdSMfe;e 2-1-50
rkih; 2-1-53 Subcadmium 2.1.50
Thermal 2.1.53
vizR;kLFk ifj{ksi (vU;ksU; fØ;k ds lUnHkZ esa) 2-3-19
Nonelastic cross-section irt interaction 2.3.19
ukfHkdh;
Nuclear
Ük`a[kyk fØ;k 3-2-2
Chain reaction 3.2.2
fo?kVu 2-2-9
disintegration 2.2.9
mQtkZ 3-2-1
energy 3.2.1
fo[k.Vu 2-2-55
fission 2.2.55
b±èku 4-2-1
fuel 4.2.1
lay;u fØ;k 2-2-50
fusion reaction 2.2.50
fj,DVj 4-1-1
reactor 4.1.1
U;wfDyvkWu 2-1-37 Nucleon 2.1.37
U;wfDy;l (ukfHkd) 2-1-3
Nucleus 2.1.3
la;qDr 2-1-4 Compound 2.1.4
U;wDykbM 2-1-7 Nuclide 2.1.7
la[;k Number
ijek.kq 2-1-6 Atomic 2.1.6
nzO;eku 2-1-5 Mass 2.1.5
O O
oLrq U;wVªkWu 'kks"kd 4-3-17 Object Neutron absorber 4.3.17
izpkyu ijkl 4-3-6 Operating range 4.3.6
izpkyu fj,DVj 4-3 Operation Reactor 4.3

39
vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967

P P
;qXe&bysDVªkWu&ikWthVªkWu 2-1-28 Pair Electron-position 2.1.28
tud] jsfM;ks,sfDVo iwoxZ keh (jsfM;ks U;wDykbM dk) 2-1-13 Parent; radioactive precursor (of a radionuclide) 2.1.13

d.k Particle

,sYiQk 2-1-21 Alpha 2.1.21

chVk 2-1-24 Beta 2.1.24
èkkjk ?kuRo 3-1-18 Current density 3.1.18
èkkjk izokg 3-1-20 fluence 3.1.20
ÝyDl ?kuRo 3-1-21 flux density 3.1.21
vo;oh Hkkx 4-2 Parts Constituent 4.2
iFk Path
ekè; ;qDr 3-1-1 Mean free 3.1.1
vfHkxeu ekè; ;qDr 3-1-2 Transport mean free 3.1.2
izdk'k fo|qr izHkko 2-2-7 Photoelectric effect 2.2.7
izdk'k ,ysDVªkWu 2-1-35 Photoelectron 2.1.35
iQksVkWu 2-1-29 Photon 2.1.29
izdk'k U;wVªkWu 2-1-36 Photoneutron 2.1.36
izdk'k ukfHkdh; vfHkfØ;k 2-2-8 Photonuclear reaction 2.2.8
iwat 4-1-1 Pile 4.1.1
Iyx 4-2-8 Plug 4.2.8
IywVksfu;e fj,DVj 4-1-6 Plutonium reactor 4.1.6
fo"k 4-3-18 Poison 4.3.18
ngu'khy 4-3-19 Burnable 4.3.19
ikWthVªkWu 2-1-25 Positron 2.1.25
bysDVªkWu ;qXe 2-1-28 electron pair 2.1.28
'kfDr Power
ijkl 4-3-7 range 4.3.7
fj,DVj 4-1-16 reactor 4.1.16
eanu 3-1-11 Slowing-down 3.1.11
fof'k"V 3-2-30 specific 3.2.30
izkFkfed Primary
fo[k.Mu yfCèk 2-2-59 fission yield 2.2.59
vk;uu 2-2-5 ionization 2.2.5
izfØ;k Process
fMCckcanh 4-4-17 Canning 4.4.17
vkoj.k 4-4-16 Cladding 4.4.16
mRikn Product

{k;t 2-1-14 Decay 2.1.14

fo[k.Mfud 2-1-16 Fission 2.1.16

mRiknd fj,DVj 4-1-19 Production reactor 4.1.19

40
 vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967

rRdkfyd Prompt
ØkfUrd 3-2-6 critical 3.2.6
izHkkt 2-2-63 fraction 2.2.63
xkek fofdj.k 2-1-33 gamma radiation 2.1.33
U;wVªkWu 2-1-42 neutron 2.1.42
uksnu fj,DVj 4-1-16 Propulsion reactor 4.1.16
izksVkWu 2-1-38 Proton 2.1.38
vkfn iz:i fj,DVj 4-1-8 Prototype reactor 4.1.18
Liafnr fj,DVj 4-1-17 Pulsed reactor 4.1.17
R R
fofdj.k mQtkZ ÝyDl ?kURo (I) 3-1-22 Radiant energy flux density (I) 3.1.22
fofdj.k 2-1-20 Radiation 2.1.20
,sYiQk 2-1-22 Alpha 2.1.22
izxgz .k xkek 2-1-32 Capture gamma 2.1.32
gkfu 4-4-3 damage 4.4.3
rRdkfyd xkek 2-1-33 Prompt gamma 2.1.33
lzksr 4-3-1 source 4.3.1
X- 2-1-30
X - 2.1.30
fofdj.kdkjh Radiative
izxgz .k 2-2-32 capture 2.2.32
ifj{ks=k 2-3-21 cross-section 2.3.21
vizR;kLFk izdh.kZu ifj{ks=k 2-3-14 inelastic scattering cross-section 2.3.14
jsfM;ks lfØ; Radioactive
lanw"k.k 4-3-37 contamination 4.3.37
{k; 2-2-16 decay 2.2.16
v¼Zvk;q 2-2-23 half life 2.2.23
inkFkZ 4-4-2
material 4.4.2
lzksr 4-3-2
vif'k"V 4-4-4 source 4.3.2
waste 4.4.4
jsfM;ks lfØ;rk 2-2-13
Radioactivity 2.2.13
izsfjr 2-2-15
Induced 2.2.15
izkÑfrd 2-2-14
Natural 2.2.14
jsfM;k rRo 2-1-17 Radioelement 2.1.17
jsfM;k leLFkkfud 2-1-12 Radioisotope 2.1.12
jsfM;k U;wDykbM 2-1-11 Radionuclide 2.1.11
ijkl Range
xf.kr 4-3-5 counter 4.3.5
izpkyu 4-3-6 Operating 4.3.6
le; fu;rkad 4-3-8 Period 4.3.8
'kfDr 4-3-7 Power 4.3.7
Source 4.3.4
lzksr 4-3-4
Time constant 4.3.8
vkorZ dky 4-3-8
41
vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967

fo?kVu nj 2-2-11 Rate Disintegration 2.2.11

vuqikr Ratio
ckgqY; 2-1-10 Abundance 2.1.10
iztuu 3-2-36 Breeding 3.2.36
:ikUrj.k 3-2-34 conversion 3.2.34
fØ;k Reaction
vfHklkjh] ukfHkdh; Ük`a[kyk 3-2-2 Convergent; Nuclear chain 3.2.2
ufHkdh; lay;u 2-2-50 Nuclear fusion 2.2.50
izdk'k ukfHkdh; 2-2-8 Photonuclear 2.2.8
lfØ;rk 3-2-25 Reactivity 3.2.25
rki xq.kkad 3-2-26 temperature coefficient 3.2.26
fj,DVj Reactor
iztud 4-1-14 Breeder 4.1.14
ifjladkjh 4-1-8 circulating 4.1.8
fu;a=k.k 4-3-10 control 4.3.10
ifjorZd 4-1-13 Converter 4.1.13
fo|qr mRiknd 4-1-16 electricity production 4.1.16
le`¼ 4-1-5 enriched 4.1.5
vYirkih 4-1-11 Epithermal 4.1.11
izk;ksfxd] iz;ksx 4-1-18 Experiment; Experimental 4.1.18
lEcUèkh in 3-2 expressions relating to 3.2
rhoz 4-1-9 Fast 4.1.9
fonY; inkFkZ mRiknu 4-1-19 Fissile material production 4.1.19
rjyhÑr 4-1-7 Fluidized 4.1.7
mQ"ek mRiknd 4-1-16 Heat-production 4.1.16
fo"kekax 4-1-3 Heterogeneous 4.1.3
mPp ÝyDl vuqlaèkku 4-1-17 High flux research 4.1.17
lekax 4-1-2 Homogeneous 4.1.2
eè;orhZ] eè;orhZ LisDVªe 4-1-10 Intermediate; intermediate spectrum 4.1.10
fdj.ku] leLFkkfud mRiknu 4-1-19 Irradiation; Isotope production 4.1.19
tkyd 4-2-14 lattice 4.2.14
U;wu&ÝyDl vuqlaèkku 4-1-17 Low-flux research 4.1.17
izkÑfrd ;wjsfu;e 4-1-4 Natural uranium 4.1.4
ukfHkdh; 4-1-1 Nuclear 4.1.1
izpkyu 4-3 operation 4.3
vkorZdky 3-2-4 period 3.2.4
iqat 4-1-1 pile 4.1.1
IywVksfu;e 4-1-6 Plutonium 4.1.6
'kfDr 4-1-16 Power 4.1.16
mRiknu 4-1-19 Production 4.1.19
uksnu 4-1-16 Propulsion 4.1.16
vkfnizk:i 4-1-18 Prototype 4.1.18
Liafnr 4-1-17 Pulsed 4.1.17
fu;eu 4-3-9 regulation 4.3.9
vuqlaèkku 4-1-17 Research 4.1.17

42
 vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967

fj,DVj (tkjh) Reactor (contd.)

lqj{kk Ý;wt 4-3-35 safety fuse 4.3.35
LisDVªeh foLFkkiu 4-1-15 spectral shift 4.1.15
ijh{k.k 4-1-17 Testing 4.1.17
rkih; 4-1-12 Thermal 4.1.12
le; fu;rkad 3-2-4 time constant 3.2.4
izf'k{k.k 4-1-20 Training 4.1.20
ik=k 4-2-26 vessel 4.2.26
'kwU; 'kfDr 4-1-17 vkSj 4-1-18 Zero power 4.1.17 and 4.1.18
Reflector 4.2.19
ijkorZd 4-2-19
fu;a=k.k 4-3-22 control 4.3.22
Regulating
fu;a=kd
element; member 4.3.29
lw{e fu;a=kd vax 4-3-29
Regulation, Self 4.3.23
Lo;a fu;a=k.k 4-3-23
Relative importance 3.2.12
lkis{k egRo 3-2-12
vuqukn Resonance

vo'ys"k.k 2-2-36 absorption 2.2.36

izxzg.k 2-2-34 capture 2.2.34
Lrj 2-2-33 level 2.2.33
U;wVªkWu 2-1-46 neutrons 2.1.46
NM+ Rod

fu;a=kd 4-3-25 Control 4.3.25

vkikrdky esa can djus dks 4-3-33 Emergency shut-down 4.3.33

S S
Safety
lqj{kk
member 4.3.34
vo;o 4-3-34 Reactor
fj,DVj fuse 4.3.35
Ý;wt 4-3-35 Scattering 2.2.44
izdh.kZu 2-2-44 Coherent 2.2.45
dyk lac¼ 2-2-45 Cross-section 2.3.9
ifj{ks=k 2-3-9 Elastic 2.2.47
izR;kLFk 2-2-47 Incoherent 2.2.46
dyk vlac¼ 2-2-46 Inelastic; In radiactive inelastic; In thermal inelastic
vizR;kLFk_ fofdj.kkRed vçR;kLFk] m"eh; vçR;kLFk 2-2-48 2.2.48
Scram 4.3.32
LØSe 4-3-32
Sealed source 4.3.3
lhycan lzksr 4-3-3
f}rh;d 'khryu ifjiFk 4-2-20 Secondary coolant circuit 4.2.20

Lo;a fu;a=k.k 4-3-23 Self regulation 4.3.23

ifjj{kd 4-2-22 Shield 4.2.22

tSfod 4-2-24 Biological 4.2.24
rkih; 4-2-23 Thermal 4.2.23

43
vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967

f'ke Shim

vo;o] vax 4-3-31 element; member 4.3.31

Shimming Coarse control 4.3.30
f'kfeax&LFkwy fu;a=k.k 4-3-30
Shutdown
can djuk
Emergency 4.3.32
vkikr fLFkfr esa 4-3-32 rod 4.3.33
NM+ 4-3-33
Size, Critical 3.2.11
ØkfUrd lkbt 3-2-11
Slow neutrons 2.1.51
eanxkeh U;wVªkWu 2-1-51
Slowing-down
eanu
area 3.1.3
{ks=k 3-1-3 length 3.1.4
nwjh 3-1-4 power 3.1.11
'kfDr 3-1-11
Slug 4.2.5
Lyx 4-2-5
burst 4.4.8
izLiQksV 4-4-8
Source
lzksr
Radiation 4.3.1
fofdj.k 4-3-1 Radioactive 4.3.2
jsfM;ks lfØ; 4-3-2 range 4.3.4
ijkl 4-3-4
Sealed 4.3.3
lhycan 4-3-3
specific
fof'k"V
active 2.2.20
lfØ;rk 2-2-20
burn-up 3.2.29
cu&vi (ngu) 3-2-29
ionization (at a point) 2.2.6
vk;uu (,d fcUn ij) 2-2-6
Spectral
LisDVªeh
reactor 4.1.15
fj,DVj 4-1-15
foLFkkiu fu;a=k.k 4-3-14 shift control 4.3.14

LisDVªe Spectrum

chVk fdj.k 2-1-27 Beta-ray 2.1.27

fo[k.Mu 2-2-57 Fission 2.2.57

lcdSMfe;e U;wVªkWu 2-1-50 Subcadmium neutrons 2.1.50

T T

ijh{k.k fj,DVj 4-1-17 Testing reactor 4.1.17

rkih; Thermal

ifj{ks=k 2-3-7 cross-section 2.3.7

vizR;kLFk izdh.kZu ifj{ks=k 2-3-15 Inelastic scattering cross-section 2.3.15
U;wVªkWu 2-1-53 neutrons 2.1.58
le; (dky) Time
fu;rkad ijkl 4-3-8 constant range 4.3.8
mRiknu 3-1-14 Generation 3.1.14

44
 vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967

lEiw.kZ Total
ifj{ks=k 2-3-25 cross-section 2.3.25
vk;uhdj.k 2-2-4 ionization 2.2.4
vfHkxeu Transport
ifj{ks=k 2-3-16 cross-section 2.3.16
ekè; eqDr iFk 3-1-2 mean free path 3.1.2

U U
bdkbZ vk;ru lfØ;rk 2-2-21 Unit-volume activity 2.2.21

V V
ik=k (fj,DVj dk) 4-2-26 Vessel reactor 4.2.26

W W
oSLVdkWV ifj{ks=k 2-3-8 Westcott cross-section 2.3.8
foxuj izHkko 2-2-2 Wigner effect 2.2.2
X X
ftukWu izHkko 4-3-20 Xenon effect 4.3.20
X–fofdj.k 2-1-30 X-radiation 2.1.30
Y Y
yfCèk Yield
Ük`a[kyk fo[k.Mu 2-2-61 Chain fission 2.2.61
lap;h 2-2-60 Cumulative 2.2.60
izR;{k] Lora=k ;k izkFkfed 2-2-59 Direct; Independent; Primary 2.2.59
fo[k.Mu 2-2-58 Fission 2.2.58
Z Z
'kwU; 'kfDr fj,DVj 4-1-17 o 4-1-18 Zero-power reactor 4.1.17 and 4.1.18

45
vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967

vUrjkZ"Vªh; ek=kd iz.kkyh (SI ek=kd)

ewy ek=kd
jkf'k ek=kd la d s r

yEckbZ ehVj eh- (m)

nzO;eku fdyksxzke fdxzk- (kg)
le; lsd.M ls- (s)
fo|qr èkkjk ,fEi;j ,fEi;j (A)
mQ"ekxfrd rki dsyfou ds (K)
izdkf'kr rhozrk dSUMsyk dS.Msyk (cd)
inkFkZ dh ek=kk eksy eksy (mol)

International System of Units (SI Units)

Base Units

Quantity Unit Symbol

Length metre m
Mass kilogram kg
Time second s
Electric current ampere A
Thermodynamic temperature kelvin K
Luminous intgensity candela cd
Amount of substance mole mol

laiwjd ek=kd
jkf'k ek=kd la d s r

lery dks.k jsfM;u jsfM;u (rad)

?ku dks.k LVsjsfM;u LVsjsfM;u (sr)
Supplementary Units

Quantity Unit Symbol

Plane angle radian rad

Solid angle steradian sr

O;qRiUu ek=kd
jkf'k ek=kd la d s r ifjHkk"kk,a

cy U;wVu N I N = 1 kg.m/s2
mQtkZ twy J I J = 1 N.m.
'kfDr okV W I W = 1 J/s
ÝyDl oscj Wb I Wb = 1 V.s.
ÝyDl ?kuRo Vslyk T I T = 1 Wb/m2
vko`fÙk gVZ~t Hz I Hz = 1c/s
fo|qr pkydrk lhesUl S I S = 1 A/V
fo|qr okgu cy oksYV V I V = 1 W/A
nkc] izfrcy ikLdy Pa I Pa = 1 N/m2

46
 vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967

Derived Units

Quantity Unit Symbol Definition

Force Newton N I N= 1 kg.m/s2

Energy joule J I J= 1 N.m.
Power watt W I W= 1 J/s
Flux weber Wb I Wb = 1 V.s.
Flux density tesla T I T= 1 Wb/m2
Frequency hertz Hz I Hz = 1c/s
Electric conductance siemens S I S= 1 A/V
Electromotive force volt V I V= 1 W/A
Pressure, stress pascal Pa I Pa = 1 N/m2

47
vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967

APPENDIX B
(Foreword)
Electrotechnical Standards Sectional Committee, ETDC 1

Representing Chairman
Heavy Electricals (India) Ltd, Bhopal SHRI T. V. BALAKRISHNAN
Members
SHRI S. K. BHATIA (Alternate to
Shri T. V. Balakrishnan)
Directorate General of Posts & Telegraphs (Department of ADDITIONAL CHIEF ENGINEER
Communications) DIRECTOR OF TELEGRAPHS (L) (Alternate)
Indian Electrical Manufacturers’ Association, Calcutta SHRI V. W. CHEMBURKAR
SHRI Y. P. KAUSHIK (Alternate)
Electronics and Radar Development Establishment (Ministry of DIRECTOR
Defence), Bangalore
Primary Cells and Batteries Sectional Committee, ETDC 10, ISI; and SHRI G. D. JOGLEKAR
Secondary Cells and Batteries Sectional Committee, ETDC 11, ISI
National Test House, Calcutta SHRI S. N. MUKERJI
General Nomenclature & Symbols Subcommittee, ETDC 1:3, ISI SHRI R. C. NARAYANAN
Institution of Engineers (India), Calcutta SHRI A. R. NARAYANA RAO
Cental Water & Power Commission (Power Wing) SHRI H. V. NARAYANA RAO
SHRI S. N. VINZE (Alternate)
Transformers Sectional Committee, ETDC 16, ISI SHRI U. K. PATWARDHAN
Central Electro-Chemical Research Institute (CSIR), Karaikudi SHRI R. RADHAKRISHNAN
SHRI H. N. VENKOBARAO (Alternate)
Department of Communications (Wireless Planning and Co-ordination SHRI V. V. RAO
Wing)
Inspection Wing, Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals (Department SHRI U. S. SAVAKOOR
of Supply, Technical Development & Materials Planning) SHRI A. S. NAGARKATTI (Alternate)
Switchgear and Controlgear Sectional Committee, ETDC 17, ISI; and SHRI A. P. SEETHAPATHY
Power Frequency and Voltages Subcommittee, ETDC 1 : 1, ISI
National Physical Laboratory (CSIR), New Delhi SHRI R. K. TANDAN
Electronic Equipment Sectional Committee, ETDC 24, ISI SHRI S. THIRUVENKATACHARI
Insulators and Accessories Sectional Committee, ETDC 3, ISI SHRI V. VENUGOPALAN
Rotating Machinery Sectional Committee, ETDC 15, ISI SHRI J. S. ZAVERI
Director General, ISI (Ex-officio Member) SHRI Y. S. VENKATESWARAN,
Director (Elec Tech) (Secretary)

General Nomenclature and Symbols Subcommittee, ETDC 1 : 3

Convener
Delhi College of Engineering, Delhi PROF R. C. NARAYANAN
Members
Siemens Engineering & Manufacturing Co of India Ltd, Bombay SHRI V. S. BHATIA
SHRI S. K. JAIN (Alternate)
Central Water & Power Commission (Power Wing) SHRI H. R. KULKARNI
SHRI V. R. NARASIMHAN (Alternate)
Voltas Limited, Bombay SHRI P. H. NARIMAN
Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi SHRI S. RAMABHADRAN
Department of Communications (Posts & Telegraphs Board) SHRI K. C. RAMADOSS
Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani (Rajasthan) DR D. L. SUBRAHMANYAM
National Physical Laboratory (CSIR), New Delhi SHRI R. K. TANDAN

48
 vkbZ,l@IS 1885 (Hkkx@Part 14) : 1967

vuqcaèk [k
(çkDdFku)
fo|qr rduhdh ekud fo"k; lfefr] bZVhMhlh 1
laxBu ps;jeSu
gSoh bysfDVªDyl (bafM;k) fyfeVsM] Hkksiky Jh Vh- oh- ckyÑ".ku
izfrfuèkku
Jh ,l- osQ- HkkfV;k
(Vh- oh- ckyÑ".ku ds fodYih)
Mkd ,oa rkj egkfuns'kky; (nwj lapkj foHkkx) vij eq[; vfHk;ark
funs'kd VsfyxzkiQ (,y) (fodYih)
bafM;u bysfDVªdy eSU;wiSQDpjlZ ,lksfl,'ku] dydÙkk Jh oh- MCY;w- psjecqjdj
Jh okbZ- ih- dkSf'kd (fodYih)
bysDVªksfuDl ,oa jkMkj fodkl laLFkku (j{kk ea=kky;)] funs'kd
caxykSj
çkbejh lSYl ,oa cSVªh lsD'kuy dfeVh] bZVhMhlh 10] vkbZ,lvkbZ_ Jh th- Mh- tksxysdj
,oa lsds.Mjh lSYl ,oa cSVªh lsD'kuy dfeVh] bZVhMhlh 11]
vkbZ,lvkbZ
us'kuy VsLV gkml] dydÙkk Jh ,l- ,u eq[kthZ
tujy uksesuDyspj ,oa flEcy milfefr] bZVhMhlh 1% 3] vkbZ,lvkbZ Jh vkj- lh- ukjk;.ku
bUlVhV~;w'ku vkWiQ bathfu;lZ (bafM;k)] dydÙkk Jh ,- vkj- ukjk;.kuk jko
lsaVªy okVj ,oa ikoj deh'ku (ikoj foax) Jh ,p- oh- ukjk;.kuk jko
Jh ,l- ,u- foat (fodYih)
VªkWliQkeZj lsD'kuy dfeVh] bZVhMhlh 16] vkbZ,lvkbZ Jh ;w- osQ- iVoèkZu
dsUæh; fo|qr&jlk;u vuqlaèkku laLFkku (lh,lvkbZvkj)] Jh vkj- jkèkkÑ".ku
djkbZoqQMh Jh ,p- ,u- osudksckjko (fodYih)
fMikVZesaV vkWiQ dE;wfuosQ'kul (ok;jysl Iykfuax ,oa dks&vksfMus'ku foax) Jh oh- oh- jko
balisD'ku foax] Mk;jsDVjsV tujy vkWiQ lIykbt ,oa fMLiksty (fMikVZesaV Jh ;w- ,l- lkokoQwj
vkWiQ lIykbZ] VsfDudy MsoyiesaV ,oa eVsfj;yl Iykfuax) Jh ,- ,l- ukxjdV~Vh (fodYih)
Lohpxs;j ,oa daVªksyxs;j lsD'kuy dfeVh] bZVhMhlh 17] vkbZ,lvkbZ_ Jh ,- ih- lhFkkisBh
,oa ikoj fÚD;w,alh ,oa oksYVst midesVh] bZVhMhlh 1%1] vkbZ,lvkbZ
us'kuy fiQftdy ySoksjsVjh (lh,lvkbZvkj)] ubZ fnYyh Jh vkj- osQ- VaMu
bysDVªksfud miLdj fo"k; lfefr] bZVhMhlh 24] vkbZ,lvkbZ Jh ,l- fFk:osadVkpkjh
jks|u ,oa lgk;dakx fo"k; lfefr] bZVhMhlh 3] vkbZ,lvkbZ Jh oh- os.kqxksikyu
?kw.khZ e'khujh fo"k; lfefr] bZVhMhlh 15] vkbZ,lvkbZ Jh ts- ,l- tkosjh
egkfuns'kd] vkbZ,lvkbZ (insu lnL;) Jh okbZ- ,l- osadkVsloju]
funs'kd (fo|qr rduhdh) (lfpo)

tujy uksesDyspj ,Oak flacYl milfefr] bZVhMhlh 1% 3

la;kstd
fnYyh dkWyst vkWiQ bathfu;fjax] fnYyh çks vkj- lh- ukjk;.ku
izfrfuèkku
lhesal bathfu;fjax ,oa eSU;wiSQDpfjax da- vkWiQ bafM;k fy-] eqEcbZ Jh oh- ,l- HkkfV;k
Jh ,l- osQ- tSu (fodYih)
dsUnzh; ty ,oa ikoj vk;ksx (ikoj foax) Jh ,p- vkj- dqyd.khZ
Jh oh- vkj- flegu (fodYih)
oksTVkt fyfeVsM] eqEcbZ Jh ih- ,p- ukjhe.k
Hkkjrh; çkS|ksfxdh laLFkku] ubZ fnYyh Jh ,l- jkeHkknj.k
nwjlapkj foHkkx (Mkd ,oa rkj cksMZ) Jh osQ- lh- jkeknkSl
dsUæh; bysDVªksfuDl bathfu;fjax vuqlaèkku laLFkku] fiykuh (jktLFkku) MkW Mh- ,y- lqczkefu;e
jk"Vªh; HkkSfrd ç;ksx'kkyk (lh,lvkbZvkj)] ubZ fnYyh Jh vkj- osQ- VaMu

49
Bureau of Indian Standards

BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote
harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods
and attending to connected matters in the country.

Copyright

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Review of Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed
periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are
needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards
should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of
‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards : Monthly Additions’.

This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc No.: ETD 1.

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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Headquarters:
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Telephones : 2323 0131, 2323 3375, 2323 9402 Website: www.bis.org.in

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