A.

INTRODUCTION
1. Background
Lack of sanitation leads to disease. The diseases associated with poor sanitation are
particularly correlated with poverty and infancy and alone account for about 10% of the global
burden of disease. At any given time close to half of the urban populations of Africa, Asia, and
Latin America have a disease associated with poor sanitation, hygiene, and water. Systematic
reviews suggest that improved sanitation can reduce rates of diarrhoeal diseases by 32%–37%.
In addition to its impact on health, improved sanitation generates both social and economic
benefits. Householders understand these wider benefits but scientists have only recently
begun to study individuals’ motivations for improving sanitation and changing sanitation
behaviour.
The purpose of community-based sanitation programs is to established a framework for
sustainable pro-poor services in Indonesia, through the development of effecctive and
coordinated policy-making, institutional reform, strategic planning and awareness building
(WSP, 2011). In operation of the program, this develops strengthened policy, institutions,
strategies and action plans. Several coordination works have to be conducted by
government supported by donors. Local capacity building is thereby developed as well as
behavioural changes of poor communities toward sanitation better.
Nowadays many water resources are polluted by anthropogenic sources including
household and agricultural waste and industrial processes. Public concern over the
environmental impact of wastewater pollution has increased. Several conventional
wastewater treatment techniques, i.e.chemical coagulation, adsorption, activated sludge,
have been applied to remove the pollution, however there are still some limitations, especially
that of high operation costs.
Population increase, rapid urbanization, booming economy, and the rise in the standard of
living in developing countries have greatly accelerated the rate, amount and quality of the
municipal solid waste and waste water generation. Disposal of solid wastes is a stinging and
widespread problem in both urban and rural areas in many developed and developing
countries. Municipal solid waste (MSW) collection and disposal is one of the major problems of
urban environment in most countries worldwide today. MSW management solutions must be
financially sustainable, technically feasible, socially, legally acceptable and environmentally
friendly. Solid waste management issue is the biggest challenge to the authorities of both
small and large cities.

2. Objectives
a. Identify the current condition of sanitation aspect in surrounding area, including
facilities, technology, maintanance, level of awareness of the society, etc.
b. Solving local environment problem through community-based sanitation

B. DISCUSSION
Kelurahan Jambangan is one out of four urban villages located in Jambangan District,
Surabaya City. It has 29 RTs and 7 RWs. In this observation, we focused only on RW 3.
Jambangan Village’s people is considered as a community group self-sufficiency. The self-
sufficient community have higher independence in the social, economic, and culture. Self-
sufficient villages began to develop more complete infrastructure with formal and informal
institutions. Performing according to its functions, skills and education owned by the
community the higher it is. Geographically, Jambangan Village is divided into 4 parts, they are :
a. Village boundaries
North side : Kelurahan Karah
East side : Kelintang Village
South side : Kelurahan Kebonsari
West side : Surabaya River / Karang Pilang District

b. The area of the urban village according to usage

Public settlement : 47 Ha
Irrigated fields : 5 Ha
Real estate settlement : 62 Ha
Offices : 2 Ha
 Schoolgirl : 2 Ha
Soccer field : 4,600 m²
Cemetery : 5,954 m²
From the data obtained, Jambangan Village has a population of 7.803 people. With
details of 3.992 male, 3.811 female and 1.728 households. As for more details as
stated in the table as follows.

The population of Kelurahan Jambangan based on gender

No. Gender Information
1 Male 3.992 person
2 Female 3.811 person
Total 7.803 person

Kelurahan Jambangan is one out of four urban villages located in

Jambangan District, Surabaya City. It has 29 RTs and 7 RWs. In this observation, we
focused only on RT 1 RW 3. Jambangan achieved so many rewards from Surabaya
government. For instance, Surabaya Green and Clean, and Surabaya Merdeka dari
Sampah. Since then, Jambangan village has been visited by both foreigners and local
people. Jambangan has become one of a good village that due to a good sanitation.
The sanitation facilities in Jambangan consist of 2 types of waste. There are waste
water treatment to manage the domestic waste water and bank sampah to manage
the solid waste.
The service area of Waste water treatment in RT 1 is 3 Ha, has 73 KK, and 365
person. Grey water from every house goes to the sewer system. The waste water
treatment plant itself is using physical treatment process. Then the grey water from
the drainage system is pumped into the waste water filter. The water output from the
waste water filter is used to water the plants in the area (Product).
In order to maintain the waste water treatment, every household is
responsible to ensure that there are no bulky items that will clog the pipe. There is also
a committee to control the waste water treatment regularly. The society do not need
to pay for the waste water treatment because the money is earned through visitation.
Based on the analysis, the wastewater treatment technology used in this areas
is filtration system with gravel, sand, palm fiber, carbon, etc. The discharge of waste
water from 0.1 to 0.24 liters/sec. The processing capacity of 200 litre with 3 faucet
distribution point. The value of investments between Rp 2.500.000,-
The treatment mechanism of the waste water treatment is divided into 3 parts.
First one is removing the discrete particles using gravel, then the second process is
removing the wiggler/larvae using palm fiber, and the last process is removing the
smaller particles using sand. The result from the filtration system are colorless and
odorless. In addition, Jambangan also has Septic Tank in every house. The dimension
can be very depending on the available space, which mostly around 1m x 2,4 m.
Therefore, the cleaning process to empty out the sepctic tank is also vary depend on
the dimension. Whereas every household is responsible for the maintanance.
Another thing to point out about this urban village, is their solid waste
management through waste bank and composter. This waste bank covers the whole
area of RW 3. Meanwhile, the composter is placed in every houses. According to our
observation, the waste that enter the waste bank are sorted into plastic, paper, and
cardboard. The deposit of these sorted solid waste is done every 3 weeks, while the
weighing process is done every Tuesday. It all managed by the society/community.
These sorted solid waste is ended in TPS3R for further treatment.