Problem 2.

20

Design a one-way slab having a simple span of 3 m. the slab is to carry a uniform live
load of 7150 Pa. Assume 𝑓𝑐 = 27.6 𝑀𝑃𝑎 and 𝑓𝑦 =
276 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠.

SOLUTION

Minimum slab thickness from Table 2.1:

𝐿 𝑓𝑦
ℎ𝑚𝑖𝑛 = (0.4 + 700)
20

3000 276
= (0.4 + )
20 700

ℎ𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 119𝑚𝑚 (𝑢𝑠𝑒 120 𝑚𝑚)

Effective depth:

d= 120-20 mm (covering) – ½ bar diameter (12 mm)

d= 94 mm

Weight of slab= 𝛾𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐 x h = 23.5 (0.12)

= 2.82 kPa

Weight of slab= 2,820 Pa

Factored floor pressure= 1.4 DL + 1.7LL

= 1.4(2.820) + 1.7(7,150)

Factored floor pressure= 16,103 Pa

Analyzing 1m ( b -1000mm) width of slab:

𝑊𝑢 = 16,103 = 1

𝑊𝑢 = 16,103 N/m
 𝑊𝑢 𝐿2
Maximum factored moment, 𝑀𝑢 = 8

16.103(3)3
= 8

Maximum factored moment, 𝑀𝑢 = 18,115,875 N-m

[𝑀𝑢 = 𝜙𝑅𝑢 𝑏 𝑑2 ]

18,115.875 x 103 = 0.90 𝑅𝑢 (1000)(94)2

R = 2.278 MPa

0.85 𝑓′𝑐 2 𝑅𝑢
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]
𝑓𝑦 0.85 𝑓′𝑐

0.85 (27.6) 2(2.278)

= [1 − √1 − ]
276 0.85(27.6)

𝜌 = 0.0087

1.4
[𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = ]
𝑓𝑦

1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 276

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0051 < 0.0087 (OK)

0.85𝑓′𝑐 𝛽1 600
[𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75 ]
𝑓𝑦 (600+𝑓𝑦)

0.85(27.6)(0.85)600
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75 276(600+276)

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.057 > 0.0087 (𝑂𝐾)

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑

= 0.0087(1000)()

𝐴𝑠 = 817.8 𝑚𝑚2 per meter

Using 12mm main bars:

 𝐴𝑏𝑎𝑟
Spacing= x1000
𝐴𝑠

𝜋
(12)2
4
= 𝑥 1000
817.8

Spacing= 138 mm say 135 mm

Maximum spacing required by the code:

a) 3(h)= 3(120) = 360mm

b) 450 mm

Thus, use 12mm main bars at 135mm o.c.

Temperature bars: (Grade 275)

𝐴𝑠 = 0.002bh

𝐴𝑠 = 0.002(1000)(120) = 240 𝑚𝑚2

𝐴𝑏𝑎𝑟
Spacing= x 1000
𝐴𝑠

𝜋
(10)2
4
= 𝑥 1000
240

Spacing = 327 mm say 325mm

Maximum spacing required by the code:

a) 5h = 5(120) = 600 mm
b) 450 mm
Thus, use 10 mm temeperature bars at 325 mm o.c.
ASSUMPTIONS IN STRENGTH DESIGN IN FLEXURE
(CODE SECTION 5.10.2)

1. Strain in reinforcement and concrete shall be assumed directly proportional to the

distance from the neutral axis. Except for deep flexural members with overall depth to
clear span ratio, h/L > 2/5 for continuous spans and h/L > 4/5 for simple spans, a
nonlinear distribution of strain shall be considered (See Sec.5.10.7).
2. Maximum usable strain at extreme concrete compression fiber, εc shall be assumed equal
to 0.003.
3. For fs below fy, fs shall be taken as Es x εs . For εs > εy , fs = fy.
4. Tensile strength of concrete shall be neglected in axial and flexural calculations.
5. Relationship between compressive stress distribution and concrete strain may be assumed
rectangular, trapezoidal, parabolic, or any other form that results in prediction of strength
in substantial agreement with results of comprehensive tests.
6. For rectangular distribution of stress:
a. Concrete stress of 0.85 fc shall be assumed uniformly distributed over an
equivalent compression zone bounded by edges of the cross-section and a straight
line located parallel to the neutral axis at a distance of a=β1c from the fiber of
maximum compressive strain.
b. Distance c from fiber of maximum strain to the neutral axis shall be measured in
the direction perpendicular to N.A.
c. Factor β1 shall be taken as 0.85 for f c ≤ 30 MPa and β1 shall be reduced
continuously at a rate of 0.008 for each 1 MPa of strength in excess of 30 MPa,
but β1 shall not be taken less than 0.65. i.e.

i. For f c ≤ 30 MPa, β1 = 0.85

ii. for f c > 30 MPa,

β1 = 0.85 – 0.008 (f c – 30) but shall not be less than 0.65