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 1
ติวฟรี STATICS BY P’EUW

Force System
2.6 ADDITION OF CARTESIAN VECTORS 51

38 CHAPTER 2 FORCE VECTORS

FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS
F2–16. Express the force as a Cartesian vector.
VECTOR OF FORCE
z F2–7. Resolve each force acting on the post into its x and
2
F2–10. If the resul
F ! 50 lb
y components. y 750 N directed alo
2 magnitude of F and
F1 ! 300 N
F2 ! 450 N
F3 ! 600 N
5 4
45"
3
5
4 45"
3
x
x
y

F2–7
F2–16 F2–8. Determine
Cartesian Vector resultant force.
the magnitude and direction of the

F2–17. Express the force as a Cartesian vector. y

250 N
5
z 3 ! 400 N F2–11. If the mag
F ! 750 N
4
F = Fx i + Fy j+ Fz k the bracket is to
determine the magn
30"

x
300 N

45"

60"
y

x
90 lb
F2–8



F2–17 F2–9. Determine the magnitude of the resultant force
acting on the corbel and its direction u measured
F2–12. Determine
and its direction u
counterclockwise from the x axis. positive x axis.
F2–18. Determine the resultant force acting on the hook. y

z F2 ! 400 lb
F3 ! 600 lb
F1 ! 15 kN
F1 ! 500 lb F1 ! 700 lb
4 5 5
3
5 3 30" 4
3 x
4

30" y
x
45"
F2–9
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 x
ติวฟรี STATICS BY P’EUW
Position Vectors

z vector
n̂ =
ขนาด
ter- 1.6 m
the
A

T = 2.4 kN

2m
!
O F = Fn̂
y
x
1.5 m
0.8 m
B
z

1.6 m

A
Ans.
rOA

2m T
Ans.
O
y
x
nts. 1.5 m
0.8 m
B

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 ติวฟรี STATICS BY P’EUW
MOMENT OF FORCE

Scalar M = Fd '

! ! !
Vector MA = r × F

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 results in Cartesian vector form.

ติวฟรี STATICS BY P’EUW

1. แรงตึงเชือก AB เท่ากับ 2.4 kN จงหา z
ก) เวกเตอร์โมเมนต์รอบจุด O 500 N
ข) ขนาดโมเมนต์รอบจุด O 5
4 A
3
C FB # 5 kN
750 N 200 N
FD # 7 kN
1m
O
6m
8m
200 N 2m
D O
3m
1.25 m 1.25 m B
6m
x y

Prob. 4–111 Prob. 4–113

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 ติวฟรี STATICS BY P’EUW
2. จากรูปท่อเหล็กรับแรง F1, F2 และรับคัปเปิลโมเมนต์
Mc ดังแสดงในรูป จงหาโมเมนต์ที่จุด O

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M of the three couples. tant through O. Determine the magnitudes
Ans. M ! "20i " 6.77j " 37.2k N ! m and the accompanying couple M.
Ans.ติR
วฟรี! S10.93
TATICS BY
kN,P’EUW
M ! 38.9 k
3. The combined action of the three forces on the base at O may be
100 N z

m 80
4 kN

m
obtained by establishing their resultant through O. the

1
accompanying80 N M about point O.
couple
100 N 20°
30° y
20° 1.2 m
0
20 80 N 1.2 m
0 mm
10 1.2 m
mm 120 N
2.8 m
45°
6 kN
120 N y 45°
45°
O

x 5 kN
z

Problem 2/173
Problem 2/175

During a drilling operation, the small robotic de-

vice is subjected to an 800-N force at point C as
*Computer-Oriented Problems
shown. Replace this force by an equivalent force–
couple system at point O.
*2/176 Four forces are exerted on the eyebolt as show
the net effect on the bolt is a direct pull of 12
z 300 mm in the y-direction, determine the necessary v
20°
of T and !.

B 480 N y T
A

800
C
θ 30°
mm y

30° 720 N 30°

O
x
F = 800 N
x

Problem 2/174

Problem 2/176

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 Force Systems
ติวฟรี STATICS BY P’EUW
4. Determine the moment about point O.
BLEM 2/18 x
700 N
wo forces and the negative wrench by a single force R applied 500 N
sponding couple M.
25 N·m
60°
40°
z B
esultant force has the components 30 80 mm
mm
A 50 mm
100
! 500 sin 40" " 700 sin 60" ! 928 N mm 45°
60 mm
! 600 " 500 cos 40" cos 45" ! 871 N 600 N
40 mm
! 700 cos 60" " 500 cos 40" sin 45" ! 621 N 120 mm
y

R ! 928i " 871j " 621k N

R
R! !(928)2 " (871)2 " (621)2 ! 1416 N Ans. M

be added as a result of moving the 500-N force is

! (0.08i " 0.12j " 0.05k) ! 500(i sin 40" A

00
" j cos 40" cos 45" " k cos 40" sin 45")
or from A to B.

or determinant, expansion gives

Helpful Hints
M500 ! 18.95i # 5.59j # 16.90k N ! m ! Suggestion: Check the cross-product
results by evaluating the moments
e 600-N force about A is written by inspection of its x- and z- about A of the components of the
h gives 500-N force directly from the sketch.

M600 ! (600)(0.060)i " (600)(0.040)k
! 36.0i " 24.0k N ! m
e 700-N force about A is easily obtained from the moments of
nents of the force. The result becomes
! (700 cos 60")(0.030)i # [(700 sin 60")(0.060)
! " (700 cos 60")(0.100)] j # (700 sin 60")(0.030)k
! 10.5i # 71.4 j # 18.19k N ! m
the given wrench may be written
5.0(#i sin 40" # j cos 40" cos 45" # k cos 40" sin 45")
16.07i #13.54 j # 13.54k N ! m
ultant couple on adding together the i-, j-, and k-terms of the
M ! 49.4i # 90.5j # 24.6k N ! m
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M ! !(49.4)2 " (90.5)2 " (24.6)2 ! 106.0 N ! m Ans.
" For the 600-N and 700-N forces it is
easier to obtain the components of
their moments about the coordinate
directions through A by inspection
of the figure than it is to set up the
cross-product relations.
# The 25-N ! m couple vector of the
wrench points in the direction oppo-
site to that of the 500-N force, and
we must resolve it into its x-, y-, and
z-components to be added to the
other couple-vector components.
$ Although the resultant couple vec-
tor M in the sketch of the resultants
is shown through A, we recognize
that a couple vector is a free vector
and therefore has no specified line
of action.
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 2
ติวฟรีติวSฟรีTATICS
STATICS
3 BYBYP’EP’E
UWUW

1 EQUILIBRIUM
FREE BODY DIAGRAMS Equilibrium equation >/ Unknow
แรงที่เกิดใน Free body diagrams ประกอบด้วย 3 ส่วน
1. แรงจากน้ำหนักของวัตถุ
2. แรงจากการกระทำภายนอก
FREE BODY DIAGRAMS
3. แรงเนื่องจาก support (จุดเชื่อมต่อระหว่างวัตถุกับวัตถุอื่น)

20 N
แรงที่เกิดใน Free body diagrams ประกอบด้วย 3 ส่วน
1. แรงจากน้ำหนักของวัตถุ M Moo µ20N
2. แรงจากการกระทำภายนอก
A B C
3. แรงเนื่องจาก support (จุดเชื่อมต่อระหว่างวัตถุกับวัตถุอื่น)

20 N 213=0 !
EMAO
Etzao :

แรงเนื
A ่องจาก SUPPORT
B (2-D) brsottbwohohbohdohtoq
C '£
pin support ΣFx
Pulley and cable =0

h¥u ΣFy = 0
tai

a*E#X
m1
roller support
mg

¥⇐n
ΣM = 0
smooth surface

kiss

fixed support
M N
* .

rough surface
Weld

smooth slot

[#nj FF
cable spring
0 tension

¥E ]→Ek×
θ F

T
Compression

xaeooaion ,X=L- Lo
]←Ftkx
tunstrekhlength
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 2L/3 A G

Chapter 3 Equilibrium B
24″ ติวฟรี STATICS BY P’EUW 20″
m
แรงเนื่องจาก SUPPORT (2-D) L/3 B C
O 19″ 21″ 8″

Draw a complete and correct free-body diagram of each Problem 3/21 All
pin support Pulley and cable

of the bodies designated in the statements. The weights (No

3/22 The force P on the handle of the position
produces a vertical compression of 60 l

of the bodies are significant only if the mmass is stated.

the corresponding force exerted byalw
coiled spring in the position shown. D
1
the pin
the lever.
roller support
Problem 3/19
P
3/20 A 700-N axial force is required to remove the pulley
from its shaft. What force F must be exerted
smooth on the
surface
1. Uniform horizontal bar of mass m
handle of each of the two prybars? Friction at the
contact points B and E is sufficient to prevent slip-
5. Uniform
8"
fixed support suspended by vertical cable at A and
ping; friction at the pulley contact points C and F is supporte
negligible.
supported by rough inclined surface action of
at B.
Weld 38 31
mm mm
O
B C O F E A

rough surface
spring

A m B 3.20 "

250 mm Problem 3/22

2. Wheel
F
ofA mass m Don verge
F
of being 6. Bar, init
rolled over curb by pull P.
5°
under lo
at each e
Problem 3/20

แรงระหว่าง Member A
P
300 kg

A B

3. Loaded truss supported by pin joint at 7. Uniform

A and by cable at B. supporte
C and hi

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A
 (Two-force member)
ติวฟรี STATICS BY P’EUW
2-FORCE MEMBER
ในสภาวะสมดุล เมื่อวัตถุมีแรงเพียง 2 แรงกระทำ แรงทั้ง 2 นั้นจะต้องมีขนาดเท่ากัน อยู่ในแนวเส้นตรงเดียวกัน และมี
ทิศทางตรงข้ามกัน
PROBLEMS
= 200 N P
By
Bx
ermine the reactions at A and B when a 5 180 mm. 300 N
C
the bracket and loading shown, determine
Ax the range of values
e distance a for which the magnitude of the reaction at B does
exceed 600 N.
240 mm
Ay
g the method of Sec. 4.7, solve Prob. 4.17. -P
( ) ( ) ( )
g the method of Sec. 4.7, solve Prob. 4.18. B
A
6
spanner shown is used to rotate a shaft. A pin fits in a hole at
[1]
hile a flat, frictionless surface rests against the shaft at B. If a a
b force P is exerted on the spanner at D, find the reactions at
d B. Fig. P4.61 and P4.62

P
A
50º 5. Determine the reactions at B and D when b = 120 mm. 

C 90 mm
D D
B
3 in. 80 N 75 mm
15 in.
Fig. P4.65 C
b

A B
ermine the reactions at B and D when b 5 60 mm.
250 mm
ermine the reactions at B and D when b 5 120 mm. Fig. P4.66 and P4.67

ermine the reactions at B and C when a 5 1.5 in.

2 in.
3 in. 5 in.

3 in. D
B
a A
55° 1.4 m
D

50 lb A C
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Fig. P4.68
 ited to 100 lb and a small 20-lb spring dynamometer force P required to break contact at C. Complete so-
B. With the rig shown he discovers that when he ex- lutions for (a) including the effects of the weight
erts a pull on the rope so that B registers 19 lb, the ติวฟรี S
TATICS BY UW
and (b) neglecting the weight. P’E
scale A reads 67 lb. What is his correct weight?
6. When the 0.05-kg body is in the position shown, the linear spring
P 60 mm 60 mm
is stretched 10 mm. Determine the force P required to break contact
at C. The spring force F=kx.
A O
40 mm
B
B k = 1750 N/m
40 mm

Problem 3/9
A
3/10 When the 0.05-kg body is in the position shown, the
torsional spring at O is pretensioned so as to exert a
0.75-N ! m clockwise moment on the body. Deter-
mine the force P required to break contact at C.
Problem 3/7
Complete solutions for (a) including the effect of the
weight and (b) neglecting the weight.
3/8 A 120-lb crate rests on the 60-lb pickup tailgate. Cal-
culate the tension T in each of the two restraining ca-
bles, one of which is shown. The centers of gravity P 60 mm 60 mm
are at G1 and G2. The crate is located midway be-
tween the two cables. kq O
A

80 mm
14′′ B

134 Chapter 3 Equilibrium

G2 12′′ C

3/19 Determine the minimum cylinder mass m1 required 3/21 Determine the magnitude P of the vertical force re-
A of contact at
to cause loss O A. quired to lift the wheelbarrow free of the ground at
Problem 3/10
G1
point B. The combined weight of the wheelbarrow
A and its load is 240 lb with center of gravity at G.

9.5′′
7. Determine the magnitude P of the vertical force re- quired P
2.75′′
to lift the wheelbarrow
30 ° free of the ground at point B. The
combined weight of the wheelbarrow
Problem 3/8and its load is 240 lb
A
with center of gravity at 2L/3
G. G
24″
B 20″


m
L/3 B C
O 19″ 21″ 8″

Problem 3/21

3/22 The force P on the handle of the positioning lever

produces a vertical compression of 60 lb in the
coiled spring in the position shown. Determine
m1 the corresponding force exerted by the pin at O on
the lever.

Problem 3/19
P
3/20 A 700-N axial force is required to remove the pulley
from its shaft. What force F must be exerted on the
handle of each of the two prybars? Friction at the
contact points B and E is sufficient to prevent slip- 8"
ping; friction at the pulley contact points C and F is
negligible.

38 31
mm mm
O
B C O E A
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 Ans. F ! 13.98 N, O ! 48.8 N the nail, calculate the tension T in the nail and the
magnitude A of the force exerted by the hammer
B
ติวฟรี S
head on the block. The contacting surfaces at A are
P’E
TATICS BY UW
sufficiently rough to prevent slipping.
18 mm Ans. T ! 800 N, A ! 755 N
8. A block placed under the head Oof the claw hammer as shown
greatly facilitates the extraction of the nail. If a 200-N pull on the
handle is required 38to mm
pull the nail, calculate the tension T in the nail 200 N
and the magnitude A of the force exerted by the A
hammer
F head on the
block. The contacting surfaces at A are sufficiently rough to prevent
10°
slipping.1
F 200 mm
20°

44 mm

Problem 3/23
A
45 mm

50 mm

Problem 3/25

T = 800 N, A = 755 N

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 Force with known Force with known Fy (one unknown)
Ball Fz surface
Frictionless (one unknown)
line of action Cable line of action
Frictionless surface Three force components
(one unknown) (one unknown) ติวฟรี STATICS BY P’EUW
Ball and socket Fz

FREE Roller
BODY on
DIAGRAM (3-D)
Wheel on rail
Two force
Fy components
rough surface My
F Fy Fz
Mx Fy Mx F
Fy components
Two force
Roller on Wheel on rail
rough surface Mz Fx F
Fz z
Force with known FForce with Fknown
x
onents Three force Two force components
components z

ple Fixed
Wheelsupport
on rail line of action Cable Three Fline of action
and (one
threeunknown)
couples force
(one
y components
unknown)
Ball Frictionless
Rough surface surface Ball and socket
Fx
Fz
(My) My
Fy Fy Three force components
Rough surface Ball and socket
Mx Fy Fy Mx
Fy
Fx Fx MF
Fz Mz y x
Fz Fy Fz
z(M ) Fz componentsThree force components
Universal Three force Three force
Mx F
Fixed support z Fy components
M
Balljoint
and socket and one couple
Two force components
and three couples x
Fx Fx
Mz components
(andFztwo couples) Two force Fz
Roller
ng radial ononly
load Wheel on rail
rough surface Universal Three force components M Three force
y
Fixed support (My) components
Fy joint and one couple and three couples

Mx (My) Fy
Fy Mx
Fy (My)
Fx Mz Fx (Mz)
Fz Fy Fz Fz
Fy
Two force components
Fx
Three force components (M FxThree force components
z) supporting
Hinge and bearing
Fixed F
support radial load only F z
(Mz)
(and two couples)
and one couple z and three couples Fz
Three force components
Three Two force components
ngRough
supporting
surface Ball force components
and socket (My)
(and two couples)
Hinge and bearing supporting
(and two couples) radial load only
d radial load (My)
Fy
M y (My)
ctions. Fy
Fy (Mz) Fx
Mx Fy
Fz
Fy 191
Mx
(M ) Fz
Hinge and bearingz supporting
F Three force components
(Mz) Fx
Pin and bracket x
axial thrust and radial load Mz FFzcouples)
(and two x
Fz Two force components Fz
Three force components
and connections.(and two couples)
Universal
nd bearing Hinge and bearing supporting
Fig.supporting radial
Three
4.10 PinReactions
and
load
forceonly
components
at supports
bracket Three (and
force components
two couples)
joint axial thrust and radial load
Fixed support
and one couple and three couples
Fig. 4.10 Reactions at supports and connections.
(My)
(My)
1

EQUATION FOR 3-D EQUILIBRIUM Fy

(Mz) Fx Fy
Fz
! (Mz)

 Σ F =0
Hinge and bearing supporting Three force components Fz
axial thrust and radial load (and two couples)
Two force components
Hinge and bearing supporting radial load only (and two couples)
upports and connections.!
ΣM = 0
(My) 191

Fy
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(Mz) Fx
Fz
 constrained by the two fixed cables BC and BD and
by a ball-and-socket connection at A. Calculate the
ติ
tension T1 in BD. Can this beวaccomplished
ฟรี STATICS BY P’E
byUWusing
only one equation of equilibrium?
9. เสาวิทยุรับแรง 4 kN และถูกยึดด้วยเคเบิลที่จุด B และเป็น
ball and socket ที่จุด A จงหาแรงตึงเชือก T2 ในเคเบิล BC z

5m T1
T2

y D

4 kN 5m 4m 2m
C
5m
4m
A
x

Problem 3/67

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 ติวฟรี STATICS BY P’EUW
10. Determine the tensions in cables AB, AC, and AD.

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 ติArticle
วฟรี STATICS P’EUW
3/4 BYProblems 153

11. แผ่นเหล็กจัตุรัส กว้างยาว 18 in มวล 68 lb ถูกแขวนด้วยเชือกสามเส้นดังรูป

PROBLEMS
จงหาแรงตึงเชือกทั้งสามแส้น
Introductory Problems
B
3/61 A force of magnitude P ! 180 N is applied to the
stationary machine handle as shown. Write the
A C
force and moment reactions at O as vectors. Neglect
the weight of the handle assembly.
6″ 9″
z
A 12″ 9″
P
15° Problem 3/63
O
3/64 The uniform I-beam has a mass of 60 kg per meter
125 mm
of its length. Determine the tension in the two sup-
x porting cables and the reaction at D.
200 mm

y B 2m
2m
Problem 3/61 C
3m
3/62 Determine the tensions in cables AB, AC, and AD.
D
1m
C 1′
A 5m
3′
3′

2m
3′ D

B Problem 3/64

4′ 3/65 Determine the tensions in the three cables which

support the uniform 80-kg plate whose shape is that
A of an equilateral triangle. The mass center G of the
plate is located one-third of the distance MC from M.
100 lb

Problem 3/62

3/63 A uniform steel plate 18 in. square weighing 68 lb is

suspended in the horizontal plane by the three ver- 20°
tical wires as shown. Calculate the tension in each
wire.
B

0.6m
20° M
1.
2

m G
m

0.6
A
C
1.2 m

Problem 3/65

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