GUIDE FOR
CPDLC
INDEX
1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1
2. Application .................................................................................................................. 2
2.1 Process .......................................................................................................................... 2
2.2 Airworthiness Requirements .................................................................................................... 3
2.2.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 3
2.2.2 Equipment .................................................................................................................... 3
2.2.3 Maintenance Organisation Determination.................................................................... 3
2.2.4 Software Updates ......................................................................................................... 4
4. Authorization .............................................................................................................. 8
4.1 DCA Authorization ...................................................................................................... 8
4.2 Foreign Authorization .................................................................................................. 8
5. Continuing Surveillance............................................................................................. 8
5.1 Operator Responsibility ................................................................................................ 8
5.2 Reporting Action .......................................................................................................... 9
Appendix 1 Application for CPDLC - Commercial Operators (AOC Holders) Only ................... 11
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 General
This Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) provides guidance material for the operation
of Aruban registered aircraft utilising Future Air Navigation Systems (FANS) technology
providing direct data link communication between the pilot and the Air Traffic Controller.
The system is referred to as Controller/Pilot Data Link Communications (CPDLC) and
includes air traffic control clearances, pilot requests and position reporting as well as a
company data link facility.
1.2 Applicability
This guidance material applies to all Aruban registered aircraft operators when operating in
designated airspace or routes promulgated in the particular State’s AIP, where the use of
CPDLC is permitted.
1.3 Terminology
CPDLC is the data link software algorithm within the FMS that enables two-way
communication between the cockpit and ATC. It contains the set of predefined text
messages for clearances, requests and routine message traffic. The current CPDLC is
designed to use the ACARS network so that the CPDLC is routed from the cockpit to ATC
based on handling instructions within the aircraft communications systems.
ADS-A/C contains the software algorithms to transmit the position of the aircraft (either via
SATCOM or VHF) every one to five minutes to an ATC listening station (typically within
the FIR). ADS contracts are established by the ground station following a logon from an
aircraft. Although ADS and CPDLC are separate applications, they both use the same logon
from the aircraft for their own purposes. ADS-A will also maintain surveillance continuity
through automatic handover across FIR boundaries.
1.4 References
(a) FAA Advisory Circular AC 120-70B - Operational Authorization Process for Use of
Data Link Communication System
(c) ICAO Doc. 9758-AN/966 - Human Factor Considerations In The Data Link
Environment;
2. APPLICATION
2.1 Process
Only operators with proven operational competency, training and documentation in RNP 5
(such as B-RNAV) and RVSM airspace can be considered by the DCA for the use of
CPDLC. The application must reference a particular aircraft registration number, unless all
of the operator’s aircraft are of the same type and have exactly the same equipment and
software version.
The application (refer Appendix 1 for Commercial and General Aviation operators) must
address all of the following sections on equipment and communications systems
requirements, operational requirements, including documentation and training.
All applicants shall provide and submit documentary evidence of that the aircraft is CPDLC
compliant.
2.2.1 General
The components of a CPDLC capable aircraft are usually installed at manufacture of a new
generation aircraft and the manufacturer includes statements as to CPDLC capability.
However, where an aircraft has been modified for CPDLC capability, the operator must
provide the DCA with all the aircraft navigation, communication and data equipment details
for each aircraft registration and include the applicable software versions. The majority of
this information should be contained in the Aircraft Flight Manual, AFM supplements or
STCs. Unless the approved MEL and Maintenance Programme already addresses all
CPDLC equipment, an amendment must be submitted. It is a requirement for all operators to
provide documentary evidence as to CPDLC capability.
2.2.2 Equipment
(f) Flight Data Recorder. The CVR must record digital communications with ATS
unless recorded by the FDR.
Note 1:The operator must provide documentary evidence that the above is fitted for a
modified aircraft only. The DCA will accept documents from the manufacturer of
new aircraft indicating that the aircraft equipment is CPDLC compliant.
Note 2:An operator of an aircraft previously approved for CPDLC by a credible foreign
State should submit that approval to speed up the application process.
(b) modification,
(e) procedures,
Note: An operator shall determine that the required maintenance support and engineer
training provided by the applicable maintenance organisation is adequate.
Supporting documentation is required.
Operators should assure that appropriate digital communications software updates are
incorporated when necessary and that both air and ground systems are able to identify and
properly respond to the installed level of digital communication capability. There must be a
documented mechanism for software update procedures.
3. OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS
3.1 General
To be eligible for a CPDLC Letter of Approval from the DCA, the following operational
issues need to be addressed by the operator:
(e) Provision of flight planning information for CPDLC area (e.g. NOTAMs, AIP etc.).
3.2.1 Policy
Operators must assess operational requirements, establish their operational policy and
procedures and incorporate them in appropriate section of the Operations Manual. The
following list indicates an example of Operations Manual policy which should be
incorporated:
(a) Operational Issues
(ii) The concept of “data authority”, “next data authority” and transfer of data
(iii) Flight crew handling rules for ATC uplink messages, including normal and
urgent instructions.
(xii) The type of information that is included in ADS reports and the pilot actions,
which can trigger an ADS report.
(b) Communications
(i) Phraseology
(v) The need to close the loop between uplink and downlink messages.
(vii) The importance of ensuring that the correct downlink message for a given
uplink scenario.
(iii) the time required for reading and interpreting uplink messages.
(iv) the time required for selecting, composing and sending downlink messages.
(v) the need for maintaining a shared crew awareness of the progress of ATC
data link communications.
(vi) situational awareness and the inability of pilots to monitor other data link
transmissions in the area of operations.
The following list indicates a typical range of procedures, which should be addressed in the
Operations Manual:
(f) Company operational control (FMC route and wind/temp data uplink);
(h) Navigation: GNSS (GPS if applicable and rules and procedures for RNP operations;
The Training Manual (OMD) for a commercial operator or the training section of a General
Aviation operator’s manual should reflect the training given, the qualification on equipment,
procedures and operational requirements. In particular, consideration must be given to the
Whilst the provision of CPDLC and FMS MCDU (or similar equipment) in an aircraft
simulator or training device is desirable, it is not a pre-requisite for the operator to have this
capability. However, data link training must be representative of the equipment in the
particular aircraft type.
Pilots involved in both Commercial or General Aviation operations must receive formal
training from qualified training organisations or the manufacturer. The following list of
training topics indicates the range of training that a pilot should receive and to be able to
demonstrate:
(v) Human factor considerations in the data link environment (refer to ICAO
Doc. 9758-AN/966);
(viii) RNP contingency procedures – one RNP capable LRNS, inability to navigate
to the specified RNP, loss of all LRNS;
(i) Flight plan preparation for a flight using CNS/ATM operational procedures,
including any special requirements for communications, navigation,
surveillance or crew;
disconnection;
4. AUTHORIZATION
The CPDLC authorization will be part of the Operation Specifications issued to an Air
Transport operator or as a Letter of Approval for a General Aviation operator.
Once authorized by the DCA, the operator may be required to obtain a separate
authorization from some FIR controlling States responsible for the use of digital
communications in their airspace. This authorization may be in the form of a letter or the
amendment of the Operations Specifications issued to that operator by the foreign State (e.g.
USA, Australia). The operator is responsible for obtaining those authorities.
5. CONTINUING SURVEILLANCE
As part of their Safety Management System, all operators should conduct their own
continuing surveillance on the following areas,
(e) Expansion of data link applications (load sheet, V speeds, mass & balance etc)
(f) Cross-checking to ensure that operations are in accordance with the appropriate
ICAO Regional Supplementary Procedures and/or Aeronautical Information
Publication for that airspace.
Unsafe conditions or performance related to data link operations such as a data link event,
which potentially could affect continued safe operations, must be reported to the ATS of
FIR controlling State and to the DCA within 24 hours.
It is incumbent upon each operator to take immediate action to rectify the conditions that
cause an operational error. In addition to reporting data link events to the ATS above, the
operator should also report the event to the DCA within 72 hours, by submission of a DCA
Occurrence Report with initial analysis of causal factors and measures taken to prevent
further events.
APPENDIX 1
APPENDIX 1 cont’d.
APPENDIX 1 cont’d.