Department of Civil Engineering

College of Engineering
University of Duhok

Subject: Engineering Analysis

Course Book – 3rd. Year

Lecturer's name: Dr.Rafi’ Mahmoud Sulaiman

Asistant. Prof.

Academic Year: 2019/2020

 Course Book
1. Course name Engineering Mathematics
2. Lecturer in charge Dr. Rafi’ Mahmoud Sulaiman / Assist. Prof.
3. Department/ College Civil Eng. Dept. / College of Engineering
E-mail: rafi.mahmoud@uod.ac
4. Contact Tel: 07503746355
5. Time (in hours) per week Theory: 2 Practical: 1
6. Office hours Available during the week
7. Course code EC3105
8. Teacher's academic profile  Education:
 B.Sc. Civil Eng. / Mosul University, 1981
 M.Sc. Civil Eng. / Soil Mechanics & Foundation /
Mosul University, 1991
 Ph.D. Civil Eng. / Soil Mechanics & Foundation /
Baghdad University, 2004.
 Teaching Skill (Undergraduate Studies):

(More than twenty five university academic years)

Period
College

Subject
Stage
Dept.
Univ.

From-To
Computer
Tikrit Eng. Civil 1st. 1994-2004
Programming
Soil Mechanics
Tikrit Eng. Civil 3th 1994-2004
Labs.
Tikrit Eng. Electrical 2nd Mathematics 1995-1997
Eng. &
Tikrit Eng. Mechanical 3th Numerical 1996-1998
Analysis
Estimation &
Tikrit Eng. Civil 4th 1998-2000
Specification
Tikrit Eng. Civil 4th Foundation Eng. 1999-2001
Civil &
Duhok Eng. Water 3th Soil Mechanics 2004-2005
Resource
Civil &
Duhok Eng. Water 4th Foundation Eng. 2004-2006
Resource
Civil & Eng. &
Duhok Eng. Water 3th Numerical 2005-2007
Resource Analysis
 Period

College

Subject
Stage
Dept.
Univ.
From-To
Civil &
Duhok Eng. Water 4th Foundation Eng. 2006-2011
Resource
Eng. &
Duhok Eng. Civil Eng. 3th Numerical 2010-2012
Analysis
Duhok Eng. Civil Eng. 4th Foundation Eng. 2011-2014

Duhok Eng. Civil Eng. 3th Soil Mechanics 2012-2014

Civil &
Duhok Eng. Water 4th Foundation Eng. 2014-2016
Resource
Water Numerical 2015-2016
Duhok Eng. 3th
Resource Analysis 2016-2017
Mechanical 2015-2016
Duhok Eng. 1st Mathematics
Eng. 2016-2017
Strength
Duhok Eng. Mechanical 2016-2017
2nd of
Eng. 2017-2018
Materials
Strength
2nd of
Duhok Eng. Mechanical Materials
2017-2019
Eng. 3rd Eng. &
Numerical
Analysis

 Teaching Experience (Postgraduate Studies):

Subject Place Period

Finite Element Method 2004-2005

& 2005-2006
Duhok
Theory of Elasticity 2013-2014
Univ.
Advanced Foundation Engineering 2018-2019

 Published Studies and Researches:

1. (23) Twenty Three published papers.
2. (2) Two published books.

9. Keywords Engineering Analysis, Laplace transform , Fourier Series, Partial

Differential Equations.
10. Course overview:
This course enables students to develop the basic understanding and skills to implement mathematical
algorithms to analyze or design and solve most practical engineering problems .

11. Course Outcomes:

At the end of this course students could be able to:
 Find Laplace Transform for functions and use it solve ordinary or partial differential equations.
 Expand Fourier series (F.S.) for periodic functions and use it to solve differential equations.
 Use Fourier integral for non-periodic functions
 Solve different types of partial differential equations encountered in the civil engineering field..
 Use 2nd. order partial differential equations for modelling some practical engineering problems.
 Explain the significance of particular topics for research works.

12. Student's obligation

 In order to receive a good grade the students must:
 Attend all lectures
 Participate in class activities
 Submitting HW on time
 Done all Quizzes and Exams.

13. Forms of teaching

 Using Data show and white board.
 Dowing tutorials inside the class.

14. Assessment scheme

Assessment of the student’s academic performance take the following forms:
 Classwork + Attendance and Homework 5%
 Quizzes 15 %
 Mid-Term Semester Written examination 20 %
 Final Written Examination 60 %
Total = 100%

15. Student learning outcome:

According to ABET Student Outcomes this course enables students to be familiar with:
(a) Applying knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering.
(e) Identifying, formulating, and solving some practical engineering problems.
(k) Using modern engineering tools and skills that necessary for engineering practice.

16. Course Reading List and References:

 Key references:
o Course Hand-out.
o Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Peter V. O'Neil, 7th. Edition, 2012.
o Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Erwin Kreyszig, 10th. Edition, 2011.
 Useful references:
o Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Erwin Kreyszig, 6th. Edition.
o Advanced Mathematics for Engineers and Scientists, Schaum’s outlines, 7th. Edition.
o Advanced Engineering Mathematics, K. A. Stroud (2003), 4th. Edition.
 Magazines and review (internet):
o Applied Numerical Mathematics; https://www.elsevier.
o International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering.
o Journal of Numerical Analytical Methods in Geomechanics.

17. The Topics: Lecturer's name

Chapter 1: Laplace Transform (L.T.)

 Introduction, Definition of Laplace Transform, L.T. and properties of Dr.Rafi’ M.S.
Gamma function, L.T. of unit step and periodic functions, L.T. Theorems, (6.0 weeks)
Properties; Inverse of L.T., Convolution Theorem, Solution of Initial Value
Problems by L.T., Solution of Systems of ODEs by L.T., Assignment sheet
No.1.

Objectives:
 Laplace transform is one of the best methods to express and solve many
practical engineering problems which involve mechanical or electrical
systems acted upon by impulsive forcing terms,
 Solving initial value problems without first determining a general solution
and nonhomogeneous ODEs without first solving the corresponding
homogeneous ODEs,
 To solve simultaneous differential equations directly.

Chapter 2: Fourier Series (F.S.)

 Introduction, Periodic functions, Fourier Series for Functions with Period Dr.Rafi’ M.S.
2π, Integration of trigonometric functions, Determination of F.S. (4.0 weeks)
coefficients using Euler formulas, F.S. for Functions with Period 2L,
Simplifications: Even and Odd Functions; Convergence of F.S., Half-
Range F.S. Expansions, F.S. for functions with arbitrary period (change
of interval), Dirichlet’s conditions, Applications of F.S., Assignment sheet
No.2.

Objectives:
 Determine the period and amplitude of a periodic function,
 Give an analytic description of a non-sinusoidal periodic function,
 Evaluate integrals with periodic functions,
 Demonstrate the orthogonality of the trigonometric functions sin nx and
cos nx for n = 0, 1, 2, ….. ,
 Describe a periodic function as a F.S. subject to Dirichlet’s conditions,
 Find the value of F.S. of the period functions at discontinuity points,
 Recognise even and odd functions and their products,
 Derive the Fourier sine and cosine series for even and odd functions,
  Derive half-range Fourier series,
 Using F.S. to find the defection of simply supported of fixed ends beams
under different loading conditions that arise in some engineering
Problems.

Chapter 3: Partial Differential Equations PDEs

 Introduction, classification of 2nd. order PDEs, The 1-D wave Equation, Dr.Rafi’ M.S.
The 1-D Heat Flow Equation, The Terzaghi’s 1-D Consolidation Equation, (4.0 weeks)
The 2-D Laplace Equation; Solution of PDEs Using L.T., Assignment sheet
No.3.

Objectives:
 To solve and discuss the most important PDEs that arise in various
branches of science and engineering in more detail over a wide range of
applications.

18. Practical Topics (If there is any)

19. Examinations:
1. Compositional: In this type of exam the questions usually starts with Explain, What are the reasons
for…?, List ...... ?, Determine ….?, Solve ….?

Q1. By L.T. solve the following initial value problem.

x  4x  5x  e5t Given that: x( 0 )  2, x( 0 )  3
Solution
ℒ ( x )  s2x( s )  s x( 0 )  x( 0 )  s2 x( s )  2s  3
ℒ ( x )  s x( s )  x( 0 )  s x( s )  2
1
ℒ ( e5t ) 
s5

s2 x( s )  2s  3  4 s x( s )  2 5x( s ) 
1
s 5
1 2s  11
x( s )  
( s  5 )( s2  4s  5 ) ( s2  4s  5 )
1 2s  11 1  ( 2s  11)(s 5) 1  ( 2s  11)(s 5)
x( s )    
( s  1 )( s  5 ) ( s  1 )( s  5 )
2 ( s  1 )( s  5 )2 ( s  1 )( s  5 )2

2s2  21s  56 A B C 79/36 1/6 7/36

     
( s  1 )( s  5 )2 ( s  1) ( s  5 ) ( s  5 ) ( s  1) ( s  5 ) ( s  5 )
2 2

79 t 1  5t 7  5t
x( t )  e  te  e
36 6 36
Q2. Express the following function as half-range cosine series
x
f ( x )  sin 0 x L
L
Solution:
For half-range cosine series, 𝑏𝑛 = 0

a0  nx
f ( x)    an cos
2 n1 L
𝟐 𝑳 2 𝐿 𝜋𝑥 2 −𝐿 𝜋𝑥 𝐿
𝒂𝟎 = 𝑳 ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒅𝒙 = ∫0 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = [ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ]
𝐿 𝐿 𝐿 𝜋 𝐿 0

2 −𝐿 𝐿 𝟒
= [ (−1) + ] =
𝐿 𝜋 𝜋 𝝅

2L nx
an  
L0
f ( x ) cos
L
dx

2 L x nx uv uv

  sin cos dx  sinu sinv  2sin cos
L0 L L 2 2
L
2 1    n    n  
 an   sin    x  sin    x dx n an
L 2  L L   L L  
0 1 0
L 4
  n    n  x 
 cos 
2
  x cos     3
1
   L L    L L   4
L    n     n   3
15
   
 L L   L L  0 4
4
  35
1   cos1  n cos1  n 1 1 
    
L  (   n ) (   n ) (   n ) (   n ) 

 L L L L 

 cosn  ( 1)n and cos(1  n )  ( 1)1n

 ( 1 )( 1n ) ( 1 )( 1n ) 1 1
an    
(   n ) (   n ) (   n ) (   n )
2 4 2x 4 3x 4 4x
f( x)  cos  cos  cos  .....
 3 L 15 L 35 L
Q3. Use separation of variables to solve the heat conduction P.D.E.: ut  9uxx
Given that u(x,0 )  sin2 x, t  0 and u( 0,t )  u( 3,t )  0, 0  x  3.
Solution:

Step 1: Separation of variables

𝑢𝑡 = 9 𝑢𝑥𝑥
1 𝑇′ 𝑋 ′′
𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝑋(𝑥) 𝑇(𝑡) → 𝑋 𝑇 ′ = 9 𝑋 ′′ 𝑇 →= = 𝜔2 (𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡)
9 𝑇 𝑋
This gives two ODEs in space and time: 𝑿′′ = 𝜔2 𝑿 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑻′ = 𝟗 𝜔2 𝑻

Step 2: Eigen value / Eigen function for X(x)

𝑿′′ = 𝜔2 𝑿 ⇒ 𝑚2 = 𝜔2
Case 1: I𝒇 𝜔2 > 0 then m = ± ω ⇒ 𝑿(𝒙) = 𝑨 𝒆𝝎𝒙 + 𝑩 𝒆−𝝎𝒙
Applying the B.Cs.:
𝑋(0) = 0 = 𝐴 + 𝐵 ⇒ 𝐵 = −𝐴 ⇒ 𝑿(𝒙) = 𝑨 𝒆𝝎𝒙 − 𝑨 𝒆−𝝎𝒙
𝑋(3) = 0 = 𝐴 𝑒 3𝜔 − 𝐴 𝑒 −3𝜔 ⇒ 𝜔 = −𝜔 = 0 Thus, X(x) = 0 , and u(x, t) = 0

Case 2: I𝒇 𝜔2 = 0 then m2 = 0 ⇒ 𝑿(𝒙) = 𝑨 + 𝑩 𝒙

Applying the B.Cs.:

𝑋(0) = 0 = 𝐴 ⇒ 𝑋(𝑥) = 𝐵 𝑥
𝑋(3) = 0 = 3𝐵 ⇒ 𝐵=0 Thus, X(x) = 0 , and u(x, t) = 0

Case 3: I𝒇 𝜔2 < 0 then m2 = − ω2 and m = ± ω i ⇒ 𝑿(𝒙) = 𝑨 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝝎𝒙 + 𝑩 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝝎𝒙

Applying the B.Cs.:

𝑋(0) = 0 = 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠 0 + 𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛 0 ⇒ 𝐴=0
⇒ 𝑿(𝒙) = 𝑩 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝝎𝒙
𝑛𝜋
𝑋(3) = 0 = 𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3𝜔 ⇒ 𝐵 ≠ 0 , 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3𝜔 = 0 ⇒ 𝜔 = (𝐸𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒)
𝒏𝝅𝒙
3
𝑿(𝒙) = 𝑩 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟑 (Eigen function)

Step 3: Eigen function for T(t)

𝑻′ = 𝒂𝟐 𝝎𝟐 𝑻 ⇒ 𝑚 = 9 𝜔2
𝟐𝒕
Case 3: 𝝎𝟐 < 0 then 𝒎 = −𝟗 𝝎𝟐 ⇒ 𝑻(𝒕) = 𝑨 𝒆− 𝟗 𝝎
𝑛2 𝜋 2
𝐵𝑢𝑡 𝜔2 = (𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑺𝒕𝒆𝒑 𝟐)
9
− 𝒏𝟐 𝝅𝟐 𝒕
𝑻(𝒕) = 𝑨 𝒆 (Eigen function)

Step 4: Linear combination of 𝒖(𝒙, 𝒕) = 𝑿(𝒙) 𝑻(𝒕)

𝑛𝜋𝑥 𝟐 𝟐
𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 𝑒− 𝒏 𝝅 𝑡 (𝑛 = 1, 2, 3, … )
3
 ∞
𝟐 𝝅𝟐 𝑛𝜋𝑥
𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = ∑ 𝑏𝑛 𝑒 − 𝒏 𝑡
𝑠𝑖𝑛
3
𝑛=1

Step 5: Use initial conditions 𝒖(𝒙, 𝟎) = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝝅𝒙

∞
𝑛𝜋𝑥
𝑢(𝑥, 0) = ∑ 𝑏𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝜋𝑥
3
𝑛=1
𝑛𝜋𝑥
= 2𝜋𝑥 → 𝑛 = 6 and 𝑏6 = 1
3
and 𝑏𝑛 = 0 for 𝑛 ≠ 6
𝟐
𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝑒 −36 𝝅 𝑡
𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝜋𝑥

2. True or false type of exams:

𝟏
Q4. Let 𝒇(𝒕) = 𝓛−𝟏 { 𝒆−𝝅𝒔 𝒔𝟐 +𝟏 } what of the following is true?

𝜋 3𝜋
𝐼) 𝑓 ( 2 ) = 0 𝐼𝐼) 𝑓(𝜋) = 0 𝐼𝐼𝐼) 𝑓 ( 2 ) = 0

A)Only I B) Only II C) Only III D) I and II E) I and III

Solution:
𝟏
𝒇(𝒕) = 𝓛−𝟏 { 𝒆−𝝅𝒔 } = 𝒖𝝅 (𝒕) 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒕 − 𝝅)
𝒔𝟐 +𝟏
∴ Option (D)

3. Multiple choices:

𝑎 2𝑎
Q5. ℒ { sinh 𝑎𝑡 } = ? (𝑖)
(𝑠2 −𝑎2 )
(𝑖𝑖)
(𝑠 2 +𝑎2 )

Solution:
1
ℒ { sinh 𝑎𝑡 } = [ ℒ { 𝑒 𝑎𝑡 } + ℒ { 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 } ]
2
1 1 1
= [ − ]
2 𝑠−𝑎 𝑠+𝑎

1 𝑠+𝑎−𝑠+𝑎 2𝑎 𝑎
= = ⇒ ℒ { sinh 𝑎𝑡 } = (𝑠2
2 (𝑠−𝑎)(𝑠+𝑎) 2(𝑠 2 −𝑎2 ) −𝑎2 )
∴ Option (i)
rcle the
20. Extra notes:
Here the lecturer shall write any note or comment that is not covered in this template and he/she wishes to
enrich the course book with his/her valuable remarks.

21. Peer review

This course book has to be reviewed and signed by a peer. The peer approves the contents of your course
book by writing few sentences in this section.