Name: Prishita Ray

Registration No.: 17BCE2405

Lab Assignment-1
1.Introduction to Embedded Systems:

1.1. Study on 8051 Architecture

i) Architecture

Explanation:
The 8051 microcontroller has 4K bytes of on-chip ROM, 128 bytes of RAM and 2 Timers for memory
storage and instruction scheduling and execution. It has 32 input/output pins that are distributed among
four ports, each of which is 8 bytes wide. It has one serial port for connecting to other microcontrollers
and 6 interrupt sources, thus it can handle a maximum of 6 interrupts at the same time. It is a model in
the MCS-51 Family which also includes other versions such as 8052 having 256 bytes of RAM, 2 timers
and 8 interrupt sources, and the 8031 that is the ROM-less variant of 8051.

ii) 8051 Pin Diagram

iii) 8051 Pin description

1. 1-8 Port 1 (P1.0-P1.7)- Bidirectional input/output port

2. 9 Reset (RST)- Logic 0: Normal Running Mode of 8051

Logic 1: 2 machine clock cycles to reset the chip

3. 10-17 Port 3 (P3.0-P3.7)- Bidirectional input port

Dual roles of individual pins:

 P3.0 (RXD) – receiving serial data

 P3.1 (TXD) – transmitting serial data

  P3.2 and P3.3 – processing external interrupts

 P3.4 and P3.5 – Alternative functions of T0 and T1

 P3.6 and P3.7 – read and write signals for external memory

4. 18-19 (XTL1-XTL2)- external crystal, ceramic resonator or oscillator module for clock source to
the chip
5. 20 (VSS)- Ground VSS=0V
6. 21-28 Port 2 (P2.0-P2.7)- Bidirectional input port

Dual role of individual pins – to store MSB address byte of 16b address to external memory

7. 29 – PSEN – control access to external code memory

8. 30 – ALE –
When working with external memory
Disabled to reduce EMI generated by the product
Also used as PROG – program pulse input during flash programming
9. 31 – EA
Connected to Vcc to execute code from internal memory (on chip flash)
Connected to ground to execute code from external memory
10. 32-39 – Port 0 – bi-directional input port
Does not have internal pull-up resistors
Dual role – gives LSB address byte of 16 address to external memory
11. 40 – Vcc – 5V pin

iv) 8051 purpose

The 8051 microcontroller has a price less than $1.00, therefore it is very cheap. It has a performance of
1 Machine Instructions per second and 256 bytes of on-chip RAM, which makes it suitable for execution
of small, dedicated tasks. Its low cost, huge range and easy availability and widespread use makes it a
great platform for developing as well as learning about embedded systems.