Cancer

By: Nicha
Checkpoints

2
 Mutation
Tumor Suppressor Genes → Mutated Tumor Suppressor Genes

Proto-oncogenes → Oncogenes
Cancer
→ Mutated Positive Regulator

→ Mutated Negative Regulator

3
 Healthy Cells Cancer Cells

Growth When there are enough cells present, Cancer cells keep producing, not stopping
normal cells stop reproducing. even if there are enough cells present.

Communication Normal cells interact with other cells, Cancer cells don’t interact with other cells.
responding to signals sent by the nearby
cells.

Cell repair & Cell death When normal cells are damaged or get old When p53 got mutated it allow damaged or
it goes through repair process or apoptosis. old cell to continue reproduce without
undergo cell repair or apoptosis.

Stickiness Normal cells secrete substances that make Cancer cells fail to make the substances,
them stick together in a group. which causes them to be apart of each other.

Metastasize Normal cells stay in the area of the body Cancer cells have the ability to metastasize.
where they belong and do their function. Once they arrive in a new region they begin
to divide non stop as a result of multiple
tumors around the body.

4
Physical Exams Laboratory Tests

Diagnosis

Imaging Tests Biopsy

 Radiation
Surgery Chemotherapy
Therapy
Treatments

Biological Targeted
Hormone Therapy
Therapy Therapy

6
Stage 0
Polypectomy

7
Stage 1
Surgery

8
 Stage 2
Surgery + Radiation +
Chemotherapy

9
 Stage 3
Surgery + Radiation +
Chemotherapy + Biological Therapy

10
 Stage 4
Surgery + Radiation + Chemotherapy +
Biological Therapy + Hormone Therapy +
Targeted Therapy
11
Smoking Be physically
active/healthy weight

Prevention
Alcohol/drink
Diet
moderation
 Sources
Diagnosis. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/cancer/cancer/cancer-diagnosi
s.html

Cancer. (2018, December 12). Retrieved from

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-2
0370594

Cancer Prevention Overview (PDQ®)–Patient Version. (0AD). Retrieved from

https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/patient-prevention-over
view-pdq

13