Bab 9-Kuat Geser Tanah PDF
Bab 9-Kuat Geser Tanah PDF
1
KERUNTUHAN AKIBAT GESER
Tanah umumnya runtuh akibat geser
embankment
strip footing
2
KERUNTUHAN GESER
Bidang runtuh
Partikel tanah bergerak relatif
terhadap partikel tanah lainnya
sepanjang bidang runtuh
3
Shear failure
4
Kriteria Keruntuhan Mohr‐Coulomb
c tan
f
f adalah nilai tegangan maksimum yang bisa dipikul oleh tanah pada
tegangan normalnya, .
Kriteria Keruntuhan Mohr‐Coulomb
Komponen kuat geser tanah : Kohesi (cohesive) dan
Gesekan (frictional).
f f c f tan
ftan
frictional
component
c c
f
6
c dan adalah nilai kuat
geser tanah.
Y
X
X
Y Elemen tanah
pada lokasi yang
berbeda X ~ runtuh
Y ~ stabil
Mohr Circles & Failure Envelope
Elemen tanah tidak akan runtuh
jika belum mencapai kurva
keruntuhannya
GL
c
Y
c
c c+
Tegangan vertikal sebelum
diberikan pembebanan
Mohr Circles & Failure Envelope
Ketika beban bertambah
maka lingkaran Mohr akan
semain besar…
GL
c
Y
c
c
45 + /2
GL
45 + /2
c
Y c 90+
c c+
Lingkaran Mohr Untuk & ’
v v’ u
h h’
= +
u
X X X
effective stresses
total stresses
h’ v’ h v
u
Garis keruntuhan untuk & ’
Beberapa sampel diuji dengan f
cara memberikan tegangan
isotropic yang berbeda-beda c c
hingga runtuh
c c
uf
Awal… Runtuh
c,
in terms of
Pada saat runtuh,
16
Alat Uji Triaxial
piston (untuk memberikan tegangan deviator)
Bidang runtuh
O-ring
impervious
membrane
Sampel pada
kondisi runtuh
porous
stone
cell
water
cell pressure
pore pressure or
back pressure
pedestal volume change
17
Pengujian Triaksial
TIPE PENGUJIAN TRIAXIAL
deviator stress ()
yes no yes no
18
TIPE PENGUJIAN TRIAXIAL
Tergantung pada kondisi drainase dilakukan atau tidak
pada saat :
Konsolidasi
Penggeseran
Ada 3 tipe pengujian Triaxial:
19
Pada kondisi UU,
Maka nilai u = 0
21
CD, CU and UU Triaxial Tests
Consolidated Undrained (CU) Test
dihasilkan ’
22
CD, CU and UU Triaxial Tests
Unconsolidated Undrained (UU) Test
23
Hubungan 1- 3 Saat Runtuh
1
X 3
X
Elemen tanah saat
runtuh
3 1
UJI UCT
ALAT UJI UCT
UJI UCT
• Pada prinsipnya sama dengan uji Triaxial
• Perbedaannya hanya pada UCT tidak ada
tegangan cell atau tegangan keliling
• Akibatnya nilai 3 = 0
• Tidak ada nilai sudut geser dalam
• Kuat tekan, qu = deviator stress
• Kohesi = 0.5 x qu
UJI UCT
cu = qu /2
3 1
= qu
UJI GESER LANGSUNG
UJI GESER LANGSUNG
Normal load
Top platen
Load cell to
measure Shear
Motor
Force
drive
Soil
Porous plates
Rollers
Torvane
Pocket Penetrometer
Pressuremeter
Static Cone Penetrometer test (Push Cone
Penetrometer Test, PCPT)
Standard Penetration Test, SPT
In‐situ shear tests
Torvane
Pocket Penetrometer
Pressuremeter
Static Cone Penetrometer test (Push Cone
Penetrometer Test, PCPT)
Standard Penetration Test, SPT
Vane shear test
This is one of the most versatile and widely used devices used for investigating
undrained shear strength (Cu) and sensitivity of soft clays
Applied
Torque, T Disturbed Rupture
soil surface
Bore hole (diameter
= DB)
h > 3DB)
Vane T
H Vane
PLAN VIEW
Torvane (suitable for very soft to stiff clays)
Pocket Penetrometer
Pressuremeter
Static Cone Penetrometer test (Push Cone
Penetrometer Test, PCPT)
Standard Penetration Test, SPT
Torvane
Torvane
Pocket Penetrometer (suitable for very soft to stiff clays)
Pressuremeter
Static Cone Penetrometer test (Push Cone
Penetrometer Test, PCPT)
Standard Penetration Test, SPT
Pocket Penetrometer
Pushed directly into the soil. The unconfined compression
strength (qu) is measured by a calibrated spring.
Swedish Fall Cone (suitable for very soft to soft clays)
Cu ∞ Mass of the cone
∞ 1/(penetration)2
Soil sample
Torvane
Pocket Penetrometer
Pressuremeter (suitable for all soil types)
Static Cone Penetrometer test (Push Cone
Penetrometer Test, PCPT)
Standard Penetration Test, SPT
Pressuremeter
Air
Coaxial tube
Water
Pre – bored or self
– bored hole
Guard cell
Measuring cell
Guard cell
In‐situ shear tests
Torvane
Pocket Penetrometer
Pressuremeter
Static Cone Penetrometer test (Push Cone
Penetrometer Test, PCPT) (suitable for all soil
types except very course granular materials)
Standard Penetration Test, SPT
40 mm
Static Cone
Penetrometer 40 mm
test
40 mm
40 mm
Torvane
Pocket Penetrometer
Pressuremeter
Static Cone Penetrometer test (Push Cone
Penetrometer Test, PCPT)
Standard Penetration Test, SPT
(suitable for granular materials)
Standard Penetration Test, SPT
SPT is the most widely used test procedure to determine the
properties of in‐situ soils
0.15 m Number of blows = N1
Drill rod 0.15 m Number of blows = N2
0.15 m Number of blows = N3
Standard penetration resistance (SPT N) = N2 + N3
Standard Penetration Test, SPT
SPT (Manual operation)