ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I AM THANKFUL TO PHYSICS LABORATORy,

allowing me to do this analytical project .
I am also thankful for the guidance and
cooperation of the lab assistant.

CONTENT PG. NO.

1. certificate 3

2. acknowledgement 4
3. aim 5

4. apparatus 6

5. theory 7

6. procedure 9

7. observations 12

8. precautions 13

9. Bibliography 13

AIM
The main aim of our project is to build a
hydraulic arm that can grip or pick
things, which should work according to
pascal’s law.
We have implemented the hydraulic arm
that can be controlled by gesture
commands.

APPARATUS
 Cardboard
  Toothpicks
 10ml Syringes x 8
 Glue Gun
 Ice Cream Sticks
 Old Battery
 Transparent rubber tubes
 Small wire
 Rounder(for making holes)

THEORY

There are two methods for power transmission,

namely: hydraulics and pneumatics. Hydraulics
involve movement by fluid under pressure.
Pneumatics involve the mechanical properties of
air and other gases.
Hydraulic Robotic Arm is a system which coupled by
machines and hydraulic. It is widely applicable in all
kinds of large engineering equipment’s. Such as arm
frame of crane. The arm system of the redundant
freedom, strong, nonlinear, coupled with rigid and
flexible characters. In hydraulic robotic arm the
dynamic differential equation is built with the driving
force of the hydraulic cylinder as the main force.

A simple hydraulic system consists of hydraulic fluid,

pistons or rams, cylinders, accumulator or oil
reservoir, a complete working mechanism, and safety
devices. These systems are capable of remotely
controlling a wide variety of equipment by
transmitting force, carried by the hydraulic fluid, in a
confined medium. Modern developments in
hydraulics have involved many fields in engineering
and transportation. These systems transfer high
forces rapidly and accurately even in small pipes of
light weight, small size, any shape, and over a long
distance. These systems play a vital role from small
car’s steering to super sonic aircraft’s maneuvering
devices. More powerful and accurate systems are
also used in maneuvering huge ships.

PASCAL’S LAW

Pascal’s Law, framed by Blaise Pascal, states that

“Pressure applied to any part of a confined fluid
transmits to every other part with no loss. The
pressure acts with equal force on all equal areas of
the confining walls and perpendicular to the walls."
This is the basic principle for any hydraulic system.

The science behind hydraulics is called Pascal's

principle. Essentially, because the liquid in the
pipe is incompressible, the pressure must stay
constant all the way through it, even when you're
pushing it hard at one end or the other. Now,
pressure is defined as the force acting per unit of
area. So, if we press with a small force on a small
area, there must be a large force acting on the
larger area to keep the pressure equal. That is how
the force becomes magnified.The present work
involves constructing and operating a mechanical
arm that lifts and moves small objects such as soda
can, matches box, etc., using hydraulics for
power. It is a simple demonstration device for
engineering education. The work includes
construction of: (i) Single axis for use in the
completed mechanical arm, (ii) Grasping hand,
(iii) Lifting arm, (iv) Rotation base.
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this project has been made

by of class 11th science on
“HYDRAULIC ARM” under my guidance and
has been successfully completed.
PROCEDURE
We need two to three cardboards.

Cut them in shapes as shown in the above

figure.

Make holes between them

Join the shapes and apply fevistik around the
toothpicks. We would have to drill holes in
syringes so that they could be fixed between
these cardboard shapes.
First stick the arm on the model we made with
the help of glue gun.

Our model is made. Now with help of the

rubber tube connect the four syringes in the
model with four different syringes and fill it
with water.
When everything is in place, it is time to add the
hydraulic fluid. In real equipment, this would be
top grade hydraulic oil. But, here, water is used
instead. Four different colours of water are used
by means of food colouring. Then, the four
unused syringes are carefully filled up and
connected with the other four syringes of the
mechanisms with the flexible tubes.
OBSERVATION

When pressing on one of the syringe and

related to another syringe located between
the arms, it produces a force to move one of
the arms up or down.
When pressing the syringe that relates to the
grasping hand, it works to close and open the
grasping hand to hold things.
When pressing on one of the syringes,
which is related to another syringe
responsible for model rotation, it produces a
force to rotate the model.
The arm opens and closes when water is
removed or added to a particular syringe, it also
rotates and moves forward.
The arm can hold small things like fevikwick.
PRECAUTIONS
 When pressing on the syringe system, be sure to
press only the input plunger with your thumb
and hold the output syringe with your other
hand to prevent the syringe from separation.
 Check each component before you set up your
hydraulic system. Do not use damaged or worn
components.
 Anticipate possible problems and take steps to
avoid them.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/31879
5923_Hydraulic-
Powered_Robotic_Arm_from_Simple_Materials_f
or_Engineering_Education
 www.youtube.com
 www.slideshare.net
 PHYSICS
PROJECT

HYDRAULIC
ARM