Experiment No.

Date:

CLOSED LOOP OPERATION OF BUCK DC-DC CONVERTER USING

DISCRETE PI CONTROL

Aim

To observe and plot following transient voltage and current profiles associated with Buck DC DC
converter of given specification.
• Output voltage
• Output current
To calculate rise time, first peak overshoot, first peak undershoot and settling time of voltage when
there is a load transition from 0 to 12W and from 12W to 6W
Specification of Buck DC DC converter
• Input voltage : 24V, Output voltage : 12V, Output load : 12W, Switching frequency :
40kHz, Inductance : 675uH, ESR of inductor 100mΩ, Capacitance : 4700uF, ESR of
capacitor : 527mΩ.
• Sampling period : 0.1us, Proportional gain : 9.95, Integral gain : 106 (in discrete domain)

Equipment/Software Required

MATLAB, Simulink Module with SIM POWER SYSTEM tool box.

Theory

A buck converter is a step-down dc-dc converter which primarily consists of an inductor

and two switches (in general a transistor switch and a diode) to control it. Operation of transistor
switch swings the circuit between connection of induction by source voltage to mount up energy
in inductor and discharging the inductor’s energy to the load. Switches are placed such that output
is continuous.
When the switch shown in circuit diagram is closed (i.e., On-state), the voltage across the
inductor, VL= Vi- Vo. The current flowing through inductor linearly rises. The diode doesn’t allow
current to flow through it, since it is reverse-biased by voltage. When switch shown in circuit
diagram is opened (i.e., Off-state), diode is forward biased, and voltage is VL -Vo (neglecting drop
across diode) across inductor. The inductor current which was rising in ON state now decreases.
 When working with applications where control of the system output due to changes in the
reference value or state is needed, implementation of a control algorithm may be necessary.
Examples of such applications are motor control, control of temperature, pressure, flow rate, speed,
force or other variables. The PID controller can be used to control any measurable variable, as
long as this variable can be affected by manipulating some other process variables. Many control
solutions have been used over the time, but the PID controller has become the ‘industry standard’
due to its simplicity and good performance. A discrete PID controller will read the error, calculate
and output the control input at a given time interval, at the sample period Ts. The sample time

should be less than the shortest time constant in the system. Based on trapezoidal approximation
of discrete time integral, difference equation corresponding to PID control can be given based on
the given equation.
Where u[k] represents present value of duty ratio control parameter and e[k] represents
present error value. Kp, Ki, and Kd represents Proportional, integral and derivative gains, Ts is the
sampling period.

15EE481–Drives and Controls Lab Page No.

Circuit Diagram

Diagram for closed loop operation of buck converter

Procedure
1. Open MATLAB and take SIMULINK.
2. Create a new MODEL file.
3. Go to Simulink library and get the various elements required.
4. Connect the circuit as per circuit diagram
5. Observe the waveforms from the scope
6. Plot the graphs using command window functions in MATLAB

15EE481–Drives and Controls Lab Page No.

Result and Inference

15EE481–Drives and Controls Lab Page No.