E. 5.

925 x 103
CHAPTER 1.
91. What is the correct answer to the following mathematical
operation expressed to the appropriate number of significant
1. Which of the following is not an example of matter?
A. a rock
B. a hot-air balloon figures?
C. carbon dioxide in your exhaled breath A. 12.0 x 104
D. steam B. 1.9
E. heat from a barbeque grill C. 19
D. 19.1
E. 19.195
21. The symbol for the element potassium is__________.
A. P
100. The American Heart Association recommends that for
B. Pt
every 1000 dietary calories consumed, the sodium intake
C. K
should be 1000 mg or less and should not exceed a daily limit
D. Po
of 3300 mg for an adult. What is the yearly limit on sodium
E. Pa
intake in pounds?
A. 7.3 x 103 lb
31. Which of the following statements regarding the gaseous
B. 2.7 lb
state of matter is incorrect?
C. 730 lb
A. The symbol for a gas is (g).
D. 1.2 x 103 lb
B. Gases consist of particles that are in constant random
E. 1.2 x 106 lb
motion.
C. Gases can be compressed to smaller volumes.
D. It is possible for gases to mix together.
E. The particles in a gas are relatively close to one another.
CHAPTER 2
41. How many pounds of miniature candy bars are in a
package that contains 197 g? (1 lb = 453.6 g)
2. Which of the following statements regarding atoms and
A. 0.0271 lb
atomic theory is incorrect?
B. 0.434 lb
A. “Atomos” is a Greek word meaning unbreakable.
C. 5.59  103 lb
B. Democritus, a Greek philosopher, believed that matter
D. 8.94 105 lb could be broken down into infinitely small pieces.
E. 1.69 103 lb C. The ancient Greeks believed that all matter is made of four
elements: earth, air, fire, and water.
51. A bottle of soda has a volume of 474 mL. What is this D. An element is a substance that cannot be broken down
volume in L? into simpler substances.
A. 4.74 L E. By the 1700s, all chemists believed that elements were
B. 0.474 L made of atoms.
C. 47.4 L
D. 2.11 L
E. 0.00211 L 12. For the SO3 molecule, the Law of Definite Proportions
requires that the mass ratio of S to O must be
61. The density of aluminum is 2.7 g/cm3. What is the mass A. 32:16
of a piece of aluminum foil which is 10.0 cm by 5.0 cm by B. 32:32
0.0018 cm thick? C. 32:48
A. 0.090 g D. 16:32
B. 3.3 102 g E. 16:8
C. 0.24 g
D. 1.4 102 g 22. Which of the following statements about isotopes is
E. 19 g incorrect?
A. The isotopes of an element have the same number of
71. Which of the following is not an example of a physical protons, but different numbers of neutrons.
property? B. 1H, 2H, and 3H are all isotopes of hydrogen.
A. The boiling point of liquid nitrogen is 77 K. C. Isotopes of an element have similar chemical properties.
B. Nitrogen is a gas at room temperature. D. The melting point and boiling point of different isotopes of
C. Nitrogen is colorless. the same element will vary greatly.
D. Nitrogen gas is less dense than oxygen gas. E. The different isotopes of an element have different mass
E. Nitrogen combines with oxygen in an internal combustion numbers.
engine to form oxides of nitrogen.
32. The number of protons and neutrons in an atom of
81. The number 0.005925 correctly expressed in scientific argon-38 is:
notation is: A. 38 protons and 18 neutrons.
A. 59.25 x 104 B. 18 protons and 20 neutrons.
B. 5.93 x 103 C. 18 protons and 38 neutrons.
C. 5.9 x 103 D. 38 protons and 56 neutrons.
D. 5.925 x 103 E. 18 protons and 56 neutrons.

SPECIFIC POINTERS Page 1

42. Which of the following contains 18 neutrons? D. Br–
A. 31P E. BrO3–
B. 34S2–
C. 36Cl 23. Which of the following combinations of formula and
D. 80Br– name is incorrect?
E. 18O A. carbonate ion = CO32–
B. ammonium ion = NH3
52. Boron has two isotopes: B-10 and B-11, with masses of C. bicarbonate ion = HCO3–
10.013 amu and 11.009 amu, respectively. The relative D. periodate ion = IO4–
atomic mass of boron is 10.81 amu. Which statement best E. hypochlorite ion = ClO–
describes the percent abundance of the isotopes of boron?
A. It contains more B-10 than B-11. 33. Based on common charges, which formula for an ionic
B. It contains more B-11 than B-10. compound is incorrect?
C. It contains equal amounts of B-10 and B-11. A. CaCl
D. There must be a third isotope of boron. B. NaF
E. A mass spectrum of boron is necessary to answer this C. SrO
question. D. MgS
E. K3P
62. Elements in Group VIIA (17) are called: 43. Which of the following formulas for a compound
A. halogens. containing the Cr2+ ion is incorrect?
B. chalcogens. A. CrClO4
C. noble gases. B. CrSO4
D. inert gases. C. CrO
E. alkali metals. D. CrS
E. CrCl2
72. To the correct number of significant figures, the mass of
exactly 200 atoms of carbon is: 53. What is the correct formula for the compound formed
A. 12.01 amu between the cobalt(III) ion and the sulfate ion?
B. 24.02 amu A. CoSO4
C. 240.2 amu B. Co2(SO4)3
D. 2402 amu C. Co3(SO4)2
E. 16.65 amu D. Co2S3
E. CoS3

63. Which of the following is the correct formula for the

compound with the name copper(II) sulfate?
82. Which of the following elements does not occur as a
A. Cu2S
diatomic molecule?
B. CuS2
A. oxygen
C. Cu2SO4
B. fluorine
D. CuSO4
C. nitrogen
E. CuSO3
D. neon
E. iodine
73. Which of the following compound names is not correct?
92. The correct symbol for the ion formed by sodium is: A. strontium dinitrate
A. Na+
B. sodium oxide
B. S2-
C. copper(II) carbonate
C. Na-
D. S2+ D. potassium permanganate
E. K+
83. Which of the following formula/name combinations is
incorrect?
102. Which of the following best describes what happens A. SF6 sulfur hexafluoride
when a nitrogen atom forms a nitrogen ion? B. NO2 nitrogen dioxide
A. 3 electrons are lost C. PF5 phosphorus pentafluoride
B. 3 protons are lost D. BN boron nitride
C. 3 electrons are gained E. ICl7 iodine hexachloride
D. 3 protons are gained
E. 3 protons are gained and 3 electrons are lost
93. Which set of ions is formed when Cu2SO4 dissolves in
CHAPTER 3 water?
A. 2Cu2+ + SO42–
13. Which of the following is the correct formula for the B. Cu2+ + SO42–
bromide ion? C. 2Cu2+ + SO42–
A. Br2 D. 2Cu+ + S+6 + 4O2–
B. Br2– E. Cu22+ + 2SO42–
C. Br22–

SPECIFIC POINTERS Page 2

CHAPTER 4 D. 2.75 mol
E. 0.504 mol
4. 4. Malachite is a green colored mineral that is 57.5%
copper. What mass of copper is present in a 250.0 g sample 74. What is the mass of 4.5 1023 molecules of SO2?
of malachite? A. 2.9 1025 g
A. 63.6 g B. 64 g
B. 127 g C. 86 g
C. 435 g D. 36 g
D. 36.5 g E. 48 g
E. 144 g
84. Given the following molecular formulas, determine the
empirical formula of each compound: Cl2O5, PbCl4, N2O4,
14. How many formula units are there in 2.5 moles of C3H6Cl2.
MgCl2? A. ClO2.5, PbCl4, NO2, C3H6Cl2
A. 2.5 B. Cl2O5, PbCl4, NO2, C3H6Cl2
B. 7.5 C. Cl2O5, PbCl4, NO2, CH2Cl
C. 1.5 x 1024 D. Cl2O5, PbCl4, N2O4, C3H6Cl2
D. 4.5 x 1024 E. Cl2O5, PbCl, N2O4, C3H6Cl2
E. 4.2 x 10–24

94. The following minerals contain lead. Rank the minerals in

28. Calculate the molar mass of Na2SO4. order of percent lead from least to greatest: cottunite, PbCl2;
A. 94.05 g/mol anglesite, PbSO4; andorite, PbAgSb3S6; and galena, PbS.
B. 71.06 g/mol A. PbAgSb3S6 < PbSO4 < PbCl2 < PbS
C. 119.06 g/mol B. PbS < PbCl2 < PbSO4 < PbAgSb3S6
D. 142.05 g/mol C. PbS < PbSO4 < PbCl2 < PbAgSb3S6
E. 110.05 g/mol D. PbAgSb3S6 < PbSO4 < PbS < PbCl2
E. PbS < PbAgSb3S6 < PbSO4 < PbCl2

104. Calculate the moles and the mass of solute in 250.0 mL

of 6.00 M NaOH.
34. Which of the following statements regarding atoms, A. 6.00 moles and 240. g
molecules, and moles is correct? B. 1.50 moles and 60.0 g
A. Chemists are inherently lazy, so they weigh substances in C. 1.50 moles and 0.0375 g
order to avoid counting out the atoms or molecules in a D. 6.00 moles and 0.0150 g
sample. E. 24.0 moles and 0.600 g
B. It would be possible for an individual to count out a mole
of atoms or molecules if they had a few days to do it. 113. If 100.0 mL of 0.426 M NaOH solution is diluted to 500.0
C. A single grain of sand has about as many formula units of mL, what is the concentration of the diluted solution?
SiO2 as there are sand grains on all of the beaches on Earth. A. 0.0426 M
D. A mole of HCl would have the same mass as a mole of B. 0.0852 M
NaCl, since they have the same number of particles. C. 0.117 M
E. Since a mole of LiCl has a mass of 42.39 g, the average D. 2.13 M
mass of a LiCl formula unit would be 42.39 mole. E. 8.52 x 103 M

CHAPTER 5
44. If the molar mass of a substance is 20.0 g/mol, what is
the mass of 3.01 x 1025 molecules of the substance? 9. Which of the following changes represents a physical
A. 0.400 g change, rather than evidence of a chemical reaction?
B. 10.0 g A. When a piece of zinc metal is placed in a solution of HCl,
C. 1.00 x 103 g
bubbles begin to form, and the zinc begins to dissolve.
D. 6.02 x 1026 g
E. 1.20 x 1025 g B. When solid ammonium carbonate, (NH4)2CO3, is heated,
the solid disappears, and gaseous ammonia (NH3), carbon
54. A chemical reaction requires 6.00 moles of Fe(NO 3)3. dioxide (CO2), and water (H2O) are formed.
What mass of iron(III) nitrate is needed? C. When dry ice (solid CO2) is allowed to stand at room
A. 24.3 g temperature, a white cloud and gaseous CO 2 are formed.
B. 875 g
D. When a solution of KI is mixed with a solution of Pb(NO3)2,
C. 40.3 g
D. 1.45 x 103 g a yellow solid is formed.
E. 515 g E. When a piece of copper wire is placed in a solution of
AgNO3, a silvery solid begins to form on the surface of the
64. How many moles are in a sample of ethanol, CH3CH2OH wire, and the solution turns blue.
that has a volume of 100.0 mL? The molar mass and density
of ethanol are 46.07 g/mol and 0.789 g/mL, respectively. 19. Zinc metal will react with aqueous hydrochloric acid to
A. 78.9 mol produce aqueous zinc chloride and hydrogen gas. Write a
B. 1.71 mol complete, balanced equation for this reaction.
C. 36.3 mol A. Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq)  ZnCl(aq) + H2(g)

SPECIFIC POINTERS Page 3

B. Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq)  ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
C. Zn(s) + HCl(aq)  ZnCl(aq) + H(g)
D. 2Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq)  2ZnCl(aq) + H2(g)
E. Zn(s) + HCl(aq)  ZnCl(aq) + H2(g)
25. Balance the following skeletal equation: C2H5OH(l) +
O2(g)  CO2(g) + H2O(g).
A. C2H5OH(l) + O2(g)  CO2(g) + 3H2O(g)
B. C2H5OH(l) + 2O2(g)  2CO2(g) + 3H2O(g)
C. C2H5OH(l) + O2(g)  2CO2(g) + 3H2O(g)
D. C2H5OH(l) + 3O2(g)  2CO2(g) + 3H2O(g)
E. 2C2H5OH(l) + 3O2(g)  4CO2(g) + 3H2O(g)
35. When aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid and sodium
carbonate are mixed,
A. CO2 gas is produced.
B. a precipitate is formed.
C. no reaction occurs.
D. H2 gas is formed.
E. sodium metal is formed.
50. When aqueous solutions of H2SO4 and NaOH are mixed,
_______ will occur.
A. no reaction
B. a double-displacement reaction
C. a single-displacement reaction
D. a decomposition reaction
E. a combination reaction
55. Write and balance the equation for the decomposition
reaction that occurs when Mercury(II) oxide decomposes to
its elements.
A. HgO(s)  Hg(l) + O2(g)
B. 2HgO(s)  2Hg(l) + O2(g)
C. Hg2O(s)  2Hg(l) + O2(g)
D. HgO2(s)  Hg(l) + 2O(g)
E. 2Hg(l) +O2(g)  HgO2(s)
65. When calcium metal is placed in water, a single-
displacement reaction occurs. Write a balanced equation to
describe this reaction.
A. Ca(s) + H2O(l)  Ca(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)
B. Ca(s) + H2O(l)  CaO(s) + H2(g)
C. Ca(s) + H2O(l)  CaO(aq) + H2(g)
D. 2Ca(s) + 2H2O(l)  2Ca(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)
E. Ca(s) + 2H2O(l)  Ca(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)
75. If solutions of potassium chromate and calcium nitrate
are mixed, will a double-displacement reaction occur? If so,
what is the balanced equation for the reaction?
A. Yes. K2CrO4(aq) + Ca(NO3)2(aq)  KNO3(aq) + CaCrO4(s)
B. Yes. K2CrO4(aq) + Ca(NO3)2(aq)  KNO3(aq) + CaK(s)
C. No reaction will occur.
D. Yes. K2CrO4(aq) + Ca(NO3)2(aq)  2KNO3(aq) + CaCrO4(s)
E. Yes. K2CrO4(aq) + Ca(NO3)2(aq)  K2(NO3)2(aq) +
CaCrO4(s)
85. Complete and balance the equation for the reaction that
occurs when HBr(aq) and KOH(aq) are mixed.
A. 2HBr(aq) + KOH(aq)  Br2(l) + H2O(l)
B. HBr(aq) + KOH(aq)  KBr(aq) + H2O(l)
C. 2HBr(aq) + KOH(aq)  KBr(aq) + H2O(l)
D. HBr(aq) + KOH(aq)  BrOH(aq) + KH(aq)
E. HBr(aq) + KOH(aq)  KBrO(aq) + H2(g)
95. Write and balance a net ionic equation for the reaction
SPECIFIC POINTERS
between copper(II) chloride and zinc metal to form copper
metal and zinc chloride.
A. Cu2Cl(aq) + Zn(s)  2Cu(s) + Zn+(aq) + Clˉ(aq)
B. Cu2+(aq) + 2Clˉ(aq) + Zn(s)  Cu(s) + Zn2+(aq) + 2Clˉ(aq)
C. Cu2+(aq) + Zn(s)  Cu(s) + Zn2+(aq)
D. 2Cu+(aq) + Zn(s)  2Cu(s) + Zn2+(aq)
E. CuCl+(aq) + Zn(s)  Cu(s) + Zn2+(aq) + Clˉ(aq)
CHAPTER 6
1. When one molecule of propane, C3H8, burns in a gas grill, it
combines with five oxygen molecules to form three CO 2
molecules and four H2O molecules. Select the statement
below that is incorrect in regard to this reaction.
A. The balanced equation for the reaction is C 3H8 + 5O2 
3CO2 + 4H2O.
B. If 5 propane molecules react, 15 CO2 molecules should
form.
C. If 5 propane molecules react, 25 O2 molecules must also
react.
D. If 15 O2 molecules react, 9 H2O molecules should form.
E. If 12 CO2 molecules are formed, then 4 propane molecules
must have reacted.
13. When mixed, solutions of aluminum nitrate, Al(NO3)3,
and ammonium carbonate, (NH4)2CO3, will form a precipitate
of aluminum carbonate, Al2(CO3)3. The balanced equation
is 2Al(NO3)3(aq) + 3(NH4)2CO3(aq)  Al2(CO3)3 (s) +
6NH4NO3(aq) Which of the following statements regarding
this reaction is incorrect?
A. 2 moles of Al(NO3)3 will react with 3 moles of (NH4)2CO3.
B. If 6 moles of (NH4)2CO3 react with sufficient Al(NO3)3, 2
moles of Al2(CO3)3 should form.
C. If 0.5 mole of (NH4)2CO3 react with sufficient Al(NO3)3, 3
moles of Al2(CO3)3 should form.
D. If 1.5 moles of Al2(CO3)3 are formed, given sufficient
starting materials, then 9 moles of NH4NO3 should also form.
E. 4 moles of Al(NO3)3 will react with 6 moles of (NH4)2CO3.
21. Phosphine, PH3, a reactive and poisonous compound,
reacts with oxygen as follows: 4PH3(g) + 8O2(g) 
P4O10(s) + 6H2O(g) If you need to make 6.5 moles of P4O10 ,
how many moles of PH3 is required for the reaction?
A. 6.5 moles
B. 13 moles
C. 26 moles
D. 3.2 moles
E. 1.6 moles
31. Given the balanced equation 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g)  4NO(g)
+ 6H2O(g), if 32.5 g of NH3 react with sufficient oxygen, how
many grams of H2O should form?
A. 51.6 g
B. 8.60 g
C. 34.4 g
D. 206.4 g
E. 878 g
41. When phosphorus reacts with chlorine, phosphorus
trichloride is formed according to the following
equation: ___P4(s) + ___Cl2(g)
___PCl3(l) (unbalanced) Balance the equation and determine
how many grams of chlorine would be required to react with
21.2 g of phosphorus.
A. 12.1 g
B. 48.6 g
Page 4
C. 37.0 g E. 100C
D. 148 g
E. 72.8 g CHAPTER 7

54. Consider the following reaction: CrCl3(s) + KCl(s) + 7. Which of the following statements regarding
2H2SO4(l)  KCr(SO4)2(s) + 4HCl(g) electromagnetic radiation is incorrect?
green white colorless purple colorless A. The distance between two corresponding points on a
solid solid liquid solid gas When the wave is its wavelength.
green solid is mixed with the white solid and the colorless B. Each type of electromagnetic radiation has its own
liquid is added, the mixture starts to bubble and fume. When characteristic range of wavelengths and frequencies.
all action has stopped, a wet purple solid containing solid C. The visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum has
white specks remains. Which substance is the limiting the lowest energy of any of the types of electromagnetic
reactant? radiation.
A. CrCl3 D. The energy of electromagnetic radiation is directly
B. KCl proportional to its frequency.
C. H2SO4 E. The wavelength of electromagnetic radiation is inversely
D. KCr(SO4)2 proportional to its frequency.
E. HCl
17. Which of the following statements regarding the Bohr
65. Nitrogen monoxide reacts with oxygen according to the model of the hydrogen atom is incorrect?
following reaction: 2NO(g) + O2(g)  2NO2(g) A. Bohr's model shows the electron circling the nucleus in
If 12 moles of nitrogen monoxide are combined with 10 fixed orbits.
moles of oxygen, how many moles of NO2 should form? B. In Bohr's model, electrons could exist between orbits.
A. 2 moles C. In Bohr's model, when an electron absorbs energy, it can
B. 5 moles move to a higher-energy orbit.
C. 6 moles D. In Bohr's model, when an electron emits energy, it can
D. 10 moles move to a lower-energy orbit.
E. 12 moles E. In Bohr's model, n = 1 is the lowest energy orbit.

71. Iron metal reacts with chlorine gas according to the 26. Upon electrification, hydrogen produces a characteristic
following equation: 2Fe(s) + 3Cl2(g) line spectrum consisting of four lines in the visible region of
 2FeCl3(s) If 35.0 g each of iron and chlorine are combined, the electromagnetic spectrum. The light emitted in different
how much FeCl3 should form? regions of the visible spectrum corresponds to transitions
A. 102 g from the third (n = 3), fourth (n = 4), fifth (n = 5), or sixth (n =
B. 155 g 6) energy level down to the second (n = 2). Which transition
C. 53.4 g corresponds to the violet line in the hydrogen spectrum?
D. 80.0 g A. n = 2 n=3
E. 68.0 g B. n = 2 n=6
C. n = 3 n=2
81. Iron metal reacts with hydrochloric acid as D. n = 4 n=2
follows: 2Fe(s) + 6HCl(aq)  2FeCl3(aq) + 3H2(g) E. n = 6 n=2
If 22.4 g of iron react with excess HCl, and 59.4 g of FeCl 3 are
collected, what is the percent yield of Al2(SO4)3? 37. How many unpaired electrons are in the orbital diagram
A. 65.0% for phosphorus?
B. 109% A. 0
C. 91.4% B. 1
D. 73.0% C. 2
E. not enough information given D. 3
E. 6
90. The following reaction releases 2800 kJ of heat for each 47. Which of the following is the correct ground state
mole of C6H12O6 that electron configuration for a sulfur atom?
reacts. C6H12O6(s) A. 1s22s22p4
+ 6O2(g)  6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) This reaction is B. 1s22s22p63s24p4
A. endothermic and has a positive value of q C. 1s22s22p63s23p4
B. exothermic and has a positive value of q D. 1s22s22p63s6
C. endothermic and has a negative value of q E. 1s22s83s6
D. exothermic and has a negative value of q
49. Which of the following is the correct ground state
electron configuration for a silicon atom?
101. Equal masses of ice at 0C and water at 100C are mixed
A. 1s22s22p63s4
in an insulated container. Estimate the final temperature of
B. 1s22s22p63s23p2
the mixture.
C. 1s22s22p63s23p4
A. between 51 and 99C
D. 1s22s22p63p4
B. between 1 and 49C E. 1s22s22p63s23p6
C. 50C
D. 0C 51. The following orbital diagram corresponds to the

SPECIFIC POINTERS Page 5

 D. Rb+
element___________. E. K+
A. Al
B. Si
C. P
CHAPTER 8
D. S
E. Cl
4. Which of the following compounds is likely to have
52. The following orbital diagram corresponds to the covalent bonds?
A. CaBr2
element___________. B. OF2
A. P C. NaF
B. Si D. BaBr2
C. S E. LiCl
D. Se
E. Cl 14. Which of the following compounds is likely to occur as a
solid at room temperature?
55. Elements that have six electrons in the highest-energy p A. PH3
sublevel in their ground state are called B. NO2
____________________. C. MgCl2
A. alkali metals D. SO2
B. alkaline earth metals E. ClO2
C. halogens
D. noble gases
E. transition metals 24. Using periodic trends, arrange the following atoms in
order of increasing electronegativity: Se, Cl, Mg, Na
A. Se < Cl < Mg < Na
59. Which element has the abbreviated ground-state
electron configuration [Ne]3s23p5? B. Na < Mg < Cl < Se
A. S C. Mg < Na < Se < Cl
D. Se < Mg < Na < Cl
B. Ar
E. Na < Mg < Se < Cl
C. Cl
D. P
E. Br 41. The formula for calcium sulfide is:
A. Ca2S
63. What is the abbreviated ground-state electron B. CaS2
configuration for Sc? C. CaS
A. [Ar]4s3 D. Ca2S2
B. [Ar]4s24p1 E. Ca2S3
C. [Ar]4s24d1
D. [Ar]4s23d1 45. Which of the following statements regarding ionic
E. [Ar]3d3 compounds is incorrect?
A. Ions are held together in an ionic lattice by electrostatic
66. Which element has three completely filled s sublevels, attractions.
one electron in its other s sublevel, and no d electrons in its B. The crystal structure of a given compound will depend on
ground-state electron configuration? the sizes and number of ions in a formula unit of the
A. Na compound.
B. K C. Ionic compounds tend to have low melting points.
C. Ca D. Ionic compounds are formed when a metal and a
D. Mg nonmetal react.
E. C E. In forming an ionic compound, one element transfers one
or more electrons to another element.
69. Which of the following statements regarding valence
electrons is incorrect? 54. How many single bonds are typically formed by the
A. Main-group elements in the same group have the same element N?
number of valence electrons. A. 1
B. The group numbers of the main-group elements are the B. 2
sum of the number of s and p valence electrons. C. 3
C. The elements in the s-block can have up to two valence D. 4
electrons. E. the number of bonds varies
D. An element in Group IVA will have six valence electrons.
E. The electron configuration for nitrogen is 1s22s22p3, so it 64. The correctly drawn Lewis formula for SiH4 will have
has five valence electrons. __________.
A. 4 single bonds and 1 pair of nonbonding electrons on the
81. The electron configuration 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p6 Si atom
applies to all of the following species except: B. 4 double bonds to the Si atom
A. Br- C. 2 single and 2 double bonds on the Si atom
B. Kr D. 2 single bonds to Si and 2 single bonds to terminal H
C. Sr2+ atoms

SPECIFIC POINTERS Page 6

E. 4 single bonds to Si C. 0.958 L
D. 8.28 L
80. In which of the following does the central atom NOT obey E. 0.828 L
the octet rule?
A. BH3 22. Which of the following statements is incorrect? (Assume
B. NH3 that pressure and amount of gas are constant.)
C. PH3 A. Charles's law says that volume is directly proportional to
D. H2S temperature.
E. All of these obey the octet rule. B. If the absolute temperature of a gas doubles, then the
volume of the gas will double.
85. Which of the following statements regarding VSEPR C. If the volume of a gas is halved, then the absolute
theory is correct? temperature of the gas will be halved also.
A. The name of the molecular shape which has three atoms D. If the temperature of a gas sample decreases from 50oC to
and one unshared pair of electrons on the central atom is 25oC, the pressure will be halved.
tetrahedral. E. When a gas is cooled, the particles move more slowly.
B. Nonbonding electron pairs have no influence on molecular
shape. 24. If the temperature of a gas at a constant pressure is
C. It is not necessary to draw the Lewis structure of a increased, the volume will
molecule before predicting its shape. A. become smaller because of fewer collisions with the sides
D. VSEPR theory can be used to predict the shape of a of the container.
molecule. B. become larger because of fewer collisions with the sides of
E. The molecular shape called “bent” always has only one the container.
pair of unshared electrons on the central atom. C. become smaller because of more collisions with the sides
of the container.
102. Which of the following molecules is polar? D. become larger because of more collisions with the sides of
A. CCl4 the container.
B. H2S E. stay the same because temperature has no effect on
C. SO3 pressure.
D. CO2
E. BeF2 25. Charles's Law states that the volume of a gas held at
constant pressure is directly proportional to the absolute
temperature. Which of the following is a consequence of
CHAPTER 9 Charles's Law?
A. Oxygen cylinders are often used by climbers on Mt.
Everest.
3. Which physical characteristic does not apply to a gas? B. Underwater divers often use air cylinders.
A. It can be compressed. C. Gases can be condensed to liquids at certain temperatures
B. Its molecules are separated by large distances. and pressures.
C. It occupies the total volume of its container. D. A sealed balloon will rise if the air in it is heated.
D. It has a high density. E. Application of sufficient pressure to carbon dioxide gas
E. It can be formed by the evaporation of its liquid state. produces solid dry ice.
14. Convert 0.157 atm to mm Hg. 28. Given a fixed amount of gas held at constant pressure,
A. 119 mm Hg calculate the volume it would occupy if a 3.50 L sample were
B. 8.38 x 10-3 mm Hg cooled from 90.0oC to 30.0oC.
C. 2.07 x 10-4 mm Hg A. 1.17 L
D. 0.157 mm Hg B. 10.5 L
E. 1.59 x 104 mm Hg C. 4.19 L
D. 2.92 L
17. Which of the following statements is incorrect? (Assume E. 1.75 L
a fixed amount of gas under constant temperature
conditions.) 29. A gas in a closed container with constant volume is
A. Boyle's law says that the volume occupied by a gas is
heated from room temperature to 100C. According to the
inversely proportional to its pressure.
kinetic molecular theory, the
B. If the volume of a container of gas is halved, the pressure
A. average velocity of the molecules will increase.
will be doubled.
B. gas will increase in weight.
C. If the volume of a container of gas is tripled, the pressure
C. individual molecules of the gas will increase their size.
will decrease by a factor of three.
D. average distance between molecules will increase.
D. When the volume of a container is increased, the distance
E. pressure on the sides of the container will decrease.
between the gas particles decreases.
E. If the pressure on a gas sample is quadrupled, the volume
31. Given a fixed amount of gas held at constant pressure,
will decrease by a factor of four.
calculate the temperature to which the gas would have to be
changed if a 1.75 L sample at 23.0oC were to have a final
19. If a 1.50 L gas sample is held at a constant temperature,
volume of 3.50 L.
and its pressure is changed from 2.30 atm to 3.60 atm, what
A. 46.0oC
will the final volume be?
B. 89.5oC
A. 1.50 L
C. 169oC
B. 3.45 L
D. 319oC

SPECIFIC POINTERS Page 7

E. 592oC C. impossible to compare without specific data.
D. equal.
32. A given mass of gas in a rigid container is heated from E. greater for the molecule with the greater molar mass.
100oC to 500oC. Which of the following best describes what
will happen to the pressure of the gas? 56. Calculate the number of moles in 55 g of N2, and the
A. The pressure will remain the same. volume that it would occupy at STP.
B. The pressure will decrease by a factor of five. A. 2.0 mol, 45 L
C. The pressure will increase by a factor of five. B. 2.0 mol, 0.089 L
D. The pressure will increase by a factor less than five. C. 1.5 x 103 mol, 67 L
E. The pressure will increase by a factor greater than five. D. 1.5 x 103 mol, 3.4 x 104 L
E. 3.9 mol, 88 L
34. Given a fixed amount of gas in a rigid container (no
change in volume), what pressure will the gas exert if the 67. Equal volumes of methane (CH4) and hydrogen (H2) gases
pressure is initially 1.50 atm at 22.0oC, and the temperature is under the same conditions of temperature and pressure have
changed to 11.0oC? equal
A. 0.750 atm A. numbers of molecules.
B. 3.00 atm B. masses.
C. 1.56 atm C. numbers of atoms.
D. 1.44 atm D. numbers of covalent bonds.
E. 301 atm E. average velocities.

37. For which of the following changes is it not clear whether 73. If a 5.00 L container is filled with H2 to a pressure of 975
the volume of a particular sample of an ideal gas will increase torr at 23.0C, calculate the mass of the hydrogen in the
or decrease? container.
A. increase the temperature and increase the pressure A. 0.263 g
B. decrease the temperature and increase the pressure B. 0.530 g
C. increase the temperature and decrease the pressure C. 201 g
D. increase the temperature and keep the pressure constant D. 404 g
E. keep temperature constant and decrease the pressure E. 258 g

39. A sample of gas initially occupies 4.25 L at a pressure of 83. Calculate the molar mass of a gas that has a density of
0.850 atm at 23.0oC. What will the volume be if the 1.428 g/L at STP.
temperature is changed to 11.5oC, and the pressure is A. 15.70 g/mol
changed to 1.50 atm? B. 14.28 g/mol
A. 2.31 L C. 0.4460 g/mol
B. 1.20 L D. 32.01 g/mol
C. 4.82 L E. 0.7002 g/mol
D. 2.50 L
E. 7.21 L 84. Which characteristic does not describe an ideal gas?
A. negligible volume occupied by ideal gas molecules
43. A sample of gas initially occupies 3.50 L at a pressure of B. no attractive forces between ideal gas molecules
795 torr at 32.0oC. What will the temperature be if the C. obeys the equation PV = nRT
pressure is changed to 4.00 atm, and the volume is changed D. PV/RT = a constant
to 1.50 L? E. strong repulsions between molecules
A. 0.658oC
B. 225oC 85. Which of the following statements related to kinetic-
C. 244oC molecular theory of gases is correct for an ideal gas?
D. 52.2oC A. Gases are composed of small particles with a small
E. 3.60oC amount of space between them.
B. Gas particles move in a zigzag pattern until they collide
49. A balloon is filled with helium at sea level, and then taken with something.
into the mountains to an elevation of 7500 feet. Assuming the C. When gas particles collide, they lose some of their kinetic
temperatures are the same, what will happen to the energy, and will slow down over time.
balloon? D. In a mixture of gases, attractive forces between particles
A. The balloon will compress because the lower pressure will cause the measured pressure to be lower than that expected
increase the speed of the molecules. for a pure gas.
B. Nothing happens to the balloon because pressure has no E. The pressure of a gas arises from the sum of the collisions
affect on the behavior of gases. of the particles with the walls of the container.
C. The balloon expands because the molecules get bigger.
D. The balloon expands because the molecules move faster. 89. A weather balloon filled with helium gas gets larger as it
E. The balloon will expand because the external pressure in ascends to high altitudes. The expansion of the balloon is
the mountains is lower. primarily due to
A. a decrease in the average kinetic energy of the helium
53. The number of molecules in equal volumes of two atoms inside the balloon.
different gases under the same conditions of temperature B. an increase in the average kinetic energy of the helium
and pressure are atoms inside the balloon.
A. widely different. C. a decrease in the average kinetic energy of the air
B. extremely numerous. molecules outside the balloon.

SPECIFIC POINTERS Page 8

D. an increase in the rate of collision of the helium atoms 22. Sodium chloride, NaCl, dissolves in water because
against the inside walls of the balloon. A. there are attractive forces between ions and water
E. a decrease in the rate of collision of the air molecules on molecules.
the outside walls of the balloon. B. there are no attractive forces between ions and water
molecules.
90. According to kinetic-molecular theory, molecules of C. the entropy of the solution is greater than the entropy of
different gases at the same temperature always have the pure NaCl and pure H2O.
same D. the entropy of the solution is less than the entropy of pure
A. molar mass. NaCl and pure H2O.
B. pressure. E. Both A and C
C. average kinetic energy.
D. volume. 26. Which of the following statements regarding the solution
E. number of moles. process is incorrect?
A. When a solution is formed from an ionic compound, the
99. Which of the following gases would have the highest anions and cations are evenly distributed throughout the
average molecular speed at 25oC? solution.
A. O2 B. When a polar covalent compound dissolves in water,
B. N2 dipole-dipole interactions take place between the water
C. CO2 molecules and the solute molecules.
D. CH4 C. A nonpolar compound such as hexane, C6H14, forms
E. SO2 London dispersion forces with a nonpolar solute, such as I 2
during the solution process.
100. Propane burns in air according to the D. The solution process is always exothermic.
equation: C3H8(g) + 5O2(g)  3CO2(g) + E. When an ionic solute dissolves, the entropy of the solution
4H2O(g) What volume of CO2 would be formed if 5.00 L of is greater than the original entropy of the crystalline form of
propane burns, assuming that all of the gases are under the the ionic substance.
same conditions?
A. 5.00 L 27. When potassium nitrate is dissolved in water, the
B. 15.0 L resulting solution feels cool to the touch. This means that:
C. 3.00 L A. the strength of attraction between the solute particles is
D. 4.00 L greater than that of the attraction between the solute and
E. 1.67 L solvent.
B. the strength of attraction between the solute and solvent
CHAPTER 11 particles is greater than that of the attraction between the
solute particles.
2. Which of the following substances is a strong electrolyte? C. the strength of attraction between the solute particles is
A. CH3CH2OH equal to that of the attraction between the solute and
B. C6H6 solvent.
C. KOH D. hydrogen bonds must be broken, which is an exothermic
D. SO2 process.
E. PCl3 E. there is a decrease in entropy for the solution.

12. Which of the following equations describes what happens 28. Which of the following statements regarding solubility is
when HCl(g) dissolves in water? incorrect?
A. HCl(g)  H+(aq) + Cl(aq) A. A polar compound will dissolve an ionic compound due to
B. HCl(g)  H(aq) + Cl(aq) ion-dipole interactions.
C. 2HCl(g)  H2(aq) + Cl2(aq) B. A nonpolar solvent will not interact strongly enough with
D. 2HCl(g)  H2(g) + Cl2(g) ions to dissolve an ionic compound.
E. HCl(g) + H2O(l)  H3OCl(l) C. Nonpolar liquids will dissolve in one another because the
intermolecular forces in the pure liquids are weak, and there
14. Which of the following statements regarding the rule is an increase in entropy.
“like dissolves like” is incorrect? D. Most ionic solids are more soluble in water at higher
A. Since cooking oil is composed primarily of hydrocarbons, it temperature than at a lower temperature of the solvent.
is insoluble in water. E. Most gases are more soluble at a higher temperature than
B. Iodine, I2, is very soluble in water. at a lower temperature of the solvent.
C. Ethanol, CH3CH2OH, is water-soluble.
D. Cooking oil, a nonpolar substance, is soluble in hexane, 30. Which of the following increases the solubility of a gas in
C6H14. solution?
E. Potassium nitrate, KNO3, is soluble in water. A. increasing gas pressure and increasing temperature
B. increasing gas pressure and decreasing temperature
17. Which of the following should be most soluble in water? C. decreasing gas pressure and increasing temperature
A. fat (a nonpolar triglyceride molecule) D. decreasing gas pressure and decreasing temperature
B. C6H6(l) E. adding more water
C. CH3NH2(l)
D. I2(s) 35. What is the percent-by-mass concentration of KCl in a
E. O2(g) solution that is prepared by adding 13.0 g of KCl to 85.0 g of
water?
A. 15.3%

SPECIFIC POINTERS Page 9

B. 17.2% A. 45 mL
C. 13.3% B. 9.0 mL
D. 72.0% C. 9.0 L
E. 65.4% D. 1.0 L
E. 1.1  102 mL
38. What mass of sodium nitrate is dissolved in 455 g of a
solution that is 15.0% by mass NaNO3? 70. When a 25.00 mL sample of H2SO4 is titrated with 0.3423
A. 68.3 g M NaOH, 26.67 mL of NaOH solution is required to neutralize
B. 30.3 g the H2SO4. What is the molarity of the H2SO4?
C. 4.40  102 g A. 0.3652 M
D. 3.03  103 g B. 0.3209 M
E. 15.0 g C. 0.1604 M
D. 0.1826 M
44. A solution of ethanol, C2H5OH, is prepared by dissolving E. 0.1988 M
25.0 mL of ethanol in enough water to give a total volume of
250.0 mL. What is the percent-by-volume concentration of 72. When a 25.00 mL sample of NaOH is titrated with 0.2523
ethanol? M H2SO4, 26.69 mL of H2SO4 solution is required to neutralize
A. 10.0% the NaOH. What is the molarity of the NaOH?
B. 9.09% A. 0.1347 M
C. 90.0% B. 0.4726 M
D. 1.00% C. 0.5387 M
E. 225% D. 0.2694 M
E. 0.2363 M
47. How many moles of NaOH are contained in 100.0 mL of
3.00 M NaOH? 73. Consider two aqueous glucose solutions of different
A. 0.300 moles concentrations, separated by a semi-permeable membrane.
B. 300.0 moles Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis
C. 33.3 moles at the molecular level?
D. 0.00300 moles A. The smaller water molecules move in a net direction from
E. 0.333 moles the more dilute side to the more concentrated side.
B. The smaller water molecules move in a net direction from
49. How many moles of HCl are contained in 75.0 mL of 2.00 the more concentrated side to the more dilute side.
M HCl? C. The larger glucose particles move in a net direction from
A. 2.00 moles the more dilute side to the more concentrated side.
B. 1.50 102 moles D. The larger glucose particles move in a net direction from
C. 0.150 moles the more concentrated side to the more dilute side.
D. 37.5 moles E. Osmosis will not occur.
E. 26.7 moles
74. What will happen to a blood cell that is placed in pure
51. What volume of 6.00 M NaOH contains 2.50 mol NaOH? water?
A. 2.50 L A. The cell will shrink because there will be a net flow of
B. 6.00 L water to the outside of the cell.
C. 2.40 L B. The cell will shrink because there will be a net flow of
D. 0.417 L electrolytes to the outside of the cell.
E. 15.0 L C. The cell will expand because there will be a net flow of
water to the inside of the cell.
53. A solution contains 15.5 g of NaOH dissolved in sufficient D. The cell will expand because there will be a net flow of
water to give a total mass of 125.0 g. What is the molality of electrolytes to the inside of the cell.
the solution? E. Nothing will happen because the cell is impermeable.
A. 3.54 m
B. 0.124 m 80. Calculate the freezing point of a 1.0 m solution of
C. 0.00310 m Ca(NO3)2 in water? Remember that Mg(NO3)2 is an
D. 3.10 m electrolyte. The normal freezing point of pure water is 0.00C.
E. 124 m Kf (water) = –1.86C/m
A. 1.56 C
59. A 200.0 g sample of river water contains 6.5 mg of lead. B. 5.58C
How many parts per million of lead are in the sample? C. 1.86C
A. 6.5 ppm D. –5.58C
B. 21 ppm E. –1.86C
C. 3.2  102 ppm
D. 32 ppm 84. What happens to the vapor pressure, boiling point, and
E. 54 ppm freezing point of a liquid when a solute is dissolved in the
liquid to form a solution?
64. Silver nitrate, AgNO3, can be used to test for the A. vapor pressure increases, boiling point decreases, and
presence of chloride ions in solution, because it readily forms freezing point decreases
a precipitate of AgCl. What volume of 1.5 M AgNO3 will be B. vapor pressure decreases, boiling point decreases, and
required to react with 30.0 mL of a 0.45 M HCl solution freezing point decreases
AgNO3(aq) + HCl(aq)  AgCl(s) + HNO3(aq)
SPECIFIC POINTERS Page 10
C. vapor pressure decreases, boiling point increases, and A. C(s) + CO2(g)  CO2(g)
freezing point decreases B. CO(g) + Cl2(g)  COCl2(g)
D. vapor pressure increases, boiling point decreases, and C. 2H2O2(l)  2H2O(l) + O2(g)
freezing point increases D. CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq)  CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
E. vapor pressure increases, boiling point increases, and E. 2HI(g)  H2(g) + I2(g)
freezing point increases
5. When a strip of zinc metal is placed in a blue aqueous
85. What happens to the osmotic pressure, boiling point, and solution of copper(II) sulfate, the surface of the zinc becomes
freezing point of a solution when the concentration of the coated with a reddish solid, and the zinc begins to dissolve to
solute is decreased? form aqueous zinc sulfate. Which of the following statements
A. osmotic pressure increases, boiling point increases, and regarding this reaction is correct?
freezing point increases A. The copper(II) is being oxidized.
B. osmotic pressure decreases, boiling point increases, and B. The zinc is being reduced.
freezing point decreases C. The sulfate ion is being reduced.
C. osmotic pressure decreases, boiling point decreases, and D. The solution will lose its blue color as the reaction
freezing point decreases progresses.
D. osmotic pressure decreases, boiling point decreases, and E. The reaction described is nonspontaneous.
freezing point increases
E. osmotic pressure increases, boiling point decreases, and 9. Consider the following reaction: Mg(s)
freezing point increases + NiSO4(aq)  MgSO4(aq) + Ni(s) Which of the following
statements regarding this reaction is correct?
88. Rank the following solutions in order of increasing boiling A. Each magnesium atom gains two electrons.
point: 1.5 m fructose, C6H12O6, 1.2 m NaCl, 2.0 m methanol, B. The sulfate ion is reduced.
CH3OH, and 2.2 m Al(NO3)3 C. Nickel ion is the oxidizing agent.
A. C6H12O6 < Al(NO3)3 < NaCl < CH3OH D. Magnesium is reduced.
B. CH3OH < Al(NO3)3< NaCl < C6H12O6 E. Each nickel ion loses two electrons.
C. Al(NO3)3 < NaCl < C6H12O6 < CH3OH
D. C6H12O6 < CH3OH < NaCl < Al(NO3)3 10. In which of the following choices is the oxidation number
E. NaCl < C6H12O6 < CH3OH < Al(NO3)3 incorrect?
A. Fe2+(aq); oxidation number = 2+
91. Which of the following is not a colligative property? B. Cl–(aq); oxidation number = 1–
A. osmotic pressure C. H2(s); oxidation number = 1+
B. vapor pressure D. Cu2+(aq); oxidation number = 2+
C. density E. C(s); oxidation number = 0
D. boiling point
E. freezing point 11. In which of the following choices is the oxidation number
incorrect?
92. Determine the moles of solute particles in 1.0 kg of a 3.0 A. Fe3+(aq); oxidation number = 3+
m CH3OH solution. B. I–(aq); oxidation number = 1–
A. 6.0 moles C. Cl2(s); oxidation number = 1–
B. 3.0 moles D. Cu+(aq); oxidation number = 1+
C. 18 moles E. Ni(s); oxidation number = 0
D. 12 moles
E. 1.0 mole 12. In which of the following choices is the oxidation number
incorrect?
CHAPTER 14 A. Al3+(aq); oxidation number = 3+
B. F–(aq); oxidation number = 1–
2. All of these statements concerning oxidation are correct C. Br2(s); oxidation number = 0
except that D. Na+(aq); oxidation number = 1+
A. oxygen is necessary for oxidation to take place. E. Cu(s); oxidation number = 2+
B. the oxidizing agent receives electrons from another
species. 13. In which of the following choices is the oxidation number
C. oxidation must accompany reduction. incorrect?
D. the oxidizing agent increases the oxidation number of A. Cr3+(aq); oxidation number = 3+
another element. B. Cl–(aq); oxidation number = 1–
E. the oxidation of a metal produces positive ions. C. F2(g); oxidation number = 0
D. K+(aq); oxidation number = 1+
3. Which one of the following reactions is an example of an E. Ag(s); oxidation number = 1+
oxidation-reduction reaction?
A. BaO(s) + CO2(g)  BaCO3(s) 14. In which compound does bromine have an oxidation
B. H2(g) + F2(g)  2HF(g) number of 3+?
C. CaCO3(s)  CaO(s) + CO2(g) A. Br2O
D. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)  NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) B. BrO3
E. Ba2+(aq) + SO42–(aq)  BaSO4(s) C. Br2O3
D. BrO2
4. Which of the following reactions is not an oxidation- E. Br2O5
reduction reaction?

SPECIFIC POINTERS Page 11

15. In which compound does phosphorus have an oxidation
number of 3+? 49. Consider the reaction: Sn2+(aq) + 2Fe3+(aq) 
A. AlPO4 4+ 2+
Sn (aq) + 2Fe (aq) Which species is oxidized, and how many
B. PF5 electrons are transferred per Sn2+ ion that reacts?
C. H3PO4 A. Sn2+, 2 electrons
D. H3PO3 B. Fe3+, 2 electrons
E. PH3 C. Sn4+, 4 electrons
D. Fe2+, 4 electrons
31. Consider the reaction: 2HgO(s)  2Hg(l) + O2(g) Which E. Fe2+, 2 electrons
of the following statements is correct?
A. Mercury is reduced. 50. Consider the reaction: Sn2+(aq) + 2Fe3+(aq) 
B. Oxygen is oxidized. 4+ 2+
Sn (aq) + 2Fe (aq) Which species is the oxidizing agent, and
C. Mercury(II) ion is the oxidizing agent. how many electrons are transferred per Sn2+ ion that reacts?
D. Oxide ion is the reducing agent. A. Sn2+, 2 electrons
E. All of these statements are correct. B. Fe3+, 2 electrons
C. Sn4+, 4 electrons
32. Consider the reaction: N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2NH3(g) Which of D. Fe2+, 4 electrons
the following statements is correct? E. Fe2+, 2 electrons
A. Nitrogen is oxidized.
B. Hydrogen is reduced.
C. Nitrogen is the reducing agent.
D. The reaction is not an oxidation-reduction reaction.
E. Hydrogen is the reducing agent.

35. Consider the following reaction: 2Fe3+(aq) + 2Hg(l)

+ 2Cl (aq)  2Fe (aq) + Hg2Cl2(s) In this reaction,
– 2+

A. Fe3+(aq) is the reducing agent.

B. Fe3+(aq) loses electrons.
C. Hg(l) loses electrons.
D. Hg(l) is reduced.
E. Hg(l) is the oxidizing agent.

39. Consider the reaction: H2O(l) + 3SO32–(aq) + 2MnO4–

(aq)  3SO4 (aq) + 2MnO2(s) + 2OH–(aq) Which species is
2–

reduced?
A. H2O
B. SO32–
C. MnO4–
D. SO42–
E. MnO2

40. Consider the reaction: H2O(l) + 3SO32–(aq) + 2MnO4–

(aq)  3SO4 (aq) + 2MnO2(s) + 2OH–(aq) Which species is
2–

the reducing agent?

A. H2O
B. SO32–
C. MnO4–
D. SO42–
E. MnO2

41. Consider the reaction: Cu(s) + 4HNO3(aq) 

Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2NO2(g) + 2OH–(aq) Which species is oxidized?

A. OH–
B. NO2
C. Cu(NO3)2
D. HNO3
E. Cu

43. Consider the reaction: Cu(s) + 4HNO3(aq) 

Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2NO2(g) + 2OH–(aq) Which species is the
oxidizing agent?
A. OH–
B. NO2
C. Cu(NO3)2
D. HNO3
E. Cu

SPECIFIC POINTERS Page 12