CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY RESEARCH

In this chapter the writer would like to discuss about methodology

of research which consist of research design, population and sample, the

subjcet

3.1.Research Design

According to Arikunto (2002:24) research design is a design used

by the researcher as the guidance in carrying out the research.

Research design which is used in this research is descriptive qualitative.

This research uses descriptive because this research wants to explore and

describe the words, phrase expressions

The research was conducted from August up to November 2018. The

research took place at MTs YAKPI KALIJATI which was located at Kalijati

Timur. The reason of taking the research for this educational level, because

this level should medium narrative text. It was one of the important kinds of

texts for final test or national final examination

Qualitative and quantitative research methods were chosen explore

the issues of creating games as an alternative assessment of reading

comprehension in reader response. According to Bogden and Biklin

(1998), "If you want to understand the way people think about their world

and how those definitions are formed you need to get close to them, to
 hear them talk, and observe them in their day-to-day lives" (p.32).

Qualitative

allowed the researchers to approach the setting and participants without a

predetermined hypothesis. Theory emerged from the data. This research

focused on creating games as a reader response to assess reading

comprehension.

3.2.Population and Sample

Population and sample are very important for the researcher to

collect the information. Without both of them, this research cannot be conducted

and actually a systematically. Here, the researcher would like to discuss

population and sample.

3.2.1.Population

Arikunto (2006:130) said that population is the whole of subject of

research. Popilation in the research has certain characteristics that have been

studied by researcher and than it is concluded. The population in this researcher

is class VIII 15 students .

3.2.2.Sample

Sample is part of the population which investigated. Arikunto

(2006:131). The researcher take sample by using purposive sampling in

choosing the class. A sample is simply a subset of the population, the

 concept of sample arises from the inability of the researchers to test all the

individuals in a given population.

3.3.The Subject of the Research

The subject of this research was the second grade students of MTs YAKPI

Kalijati in 2018/2019 academic year. Exactly, it was at the first semester of

the year. There were 15 students in class VIII A as respondents of the

research. There were some reasons why the subject was chosen. Such as;

the students of this class had lower ability in English lesson, especially in

reading English text, the class had a enough quantity of the students to do

research

3.3.1.The Research Instrument

There were four kinds of instruments used to get the data in this research.

They are observation sheet, interview guidelines, questionnaires, and test

form. Observation sheet and interview guidelines were used to get

qualitative data, and to abtain quantitative data, questionnaires and test form

were used. Two both research methods were applied to support each other.

Both methods can be used together or combined.

To make it clearer, here are some explanations about each instrument.

1. ObservationSheet

Observation is a research instrument which has special character

among other research instruments. It observes not only about the

person, but also the environment. Observation sheet was used as the
 first research instrument. This season, the researcher as only an

observer. Because the researcher took a nonparticipant observation. The

observer was not involved and only as an independent observer.

This season was used to monitor and record the data of the teacher’s

and

students’ performance during learning and teaching process in the class.

The data from this season was used as a basis data to continue to the

next season. Also, the data was used to prepare all the materials needed

in the following steps.

2. Interview guideline

Interview guideline was used as a tool to collect data, if the researcher

had known the information which will be gotten. So, the researcher had

prepared a research instrument as some questions with their answer.4

This season was used also to get the data needed. It was done direct to

the subject orally. The interview was conducted to the English teacher

and students of MTs YAKPI second grade A. This process was applied

before and after Classroom Action Research. This season was used to

complete the qualitative data.

3. Questionnaires

Questionnaires is a technique of collecting data by giving some questions

or written statements to respondents to be answered. Much information

can be gathered by means of a written questionneir presented to the

subject. As compared with interviewing, the written questionnaire is

 typically more efficient and practical and allows for the use of a larger

sample.

Further some advantages of this technique are that standard instructions

are given to all subjects and personal appearance, mood, or conduct of

the investigator will not color the result. There are two types of

questionnaire. They are structured and unstructured questionnaire.

Otherwise, the structured questionnaire was used in this research which

contains the questions and alternative answers to them.

4. Test

Written test was used to collect data in this season. There were two kinds

of tests used to gain the data . They were pre-test and post-test. Both were

done before and after the implementation of short story in text narrative

reading comprehension

text. The purpose of this season was to measure students’ understanding of

narrative text, also to obtain the quantitative data. Tasks are proposed as

useful vehicles for applying these principles.

3.3.2. Data Sources

The data of this research was got from the process and procedure of the

research instrument and the result of teaching narrative text by short story

in reading comprehension. (According to Arikunto) in his book that data

sources is subject which is got from all the instruments to get the data were

prepared and made before implementing CAR. Such as; time table,
 observation sheet, interview gudelines, pre action test form, lesson plan,

teaching materials, post action test, and so on. Also, some data was got from

English teacher of MTs YAKPI Kalijati which was based on himself

document. And the data of the students’ evaluation was given and calculated

by the researcher. In the final, the result of comparison between pre action

test and post action test score become a real evidence to

measure the students’ achievement.

3.4The Data Collecting Procedure

In gathering the data of this research, there were some techniques used,

namely; observation, interview, questionnaire and test. To make it clearer,

here are the following details:

1. Observation

Through the observation as the first technique of collecting data. In this

technique, the data was taken from the notes about everything happened

during

teaching learning process which were about the teacher’s treatment to

the students, which method the teacher used and how the process

worked. The

observation also were about students’ responses and participation in

teaching learning process. This method also as a barometer to do

previous data collecting. By direct observing, there are possibilities to

take some notes, behavior, development, and so on, which happens any

time.
2. Interview

The way of collecting data of pre-action was used also interview

guidelines. It was the second technique to get more information in

collecting data. There two kinds of interview which were used. They

were: unstructured interview and structured interview. The interview

conducted to both English teacher and some students who were the

participants of teaching learning process. The interview was about the

English teaching learning process at MTs YAKPI which was conducted

before and after implementing story mapping in teaching narrative text.

Then, the result of interview was taken as guidelines to complete the

data needed.

3. Questionnaire

In this collecting data technique, gaining the data was conducted twice,

pre-action and after implementing CAR. It was used structured

questionnaire which contained the questions and alternative answers to

them. In this technique, the students were supposed to choose one of

the alternative answers according to their personal estimation of each

question. After conducting this phase, it resulted

a percentage of students’ response. Its aim was to support other data to

get a valid research result.

4.Test

The test was the last technique used to know about the students’ ability of

comprehending narrative text by using short story method.

 This technique was used to know the students’ achievement in learning

narrative text by using short story. It may be as the main technique in

collecting data. So, this technique would be told more how this technique

worked to prove that

story in reading comprehension the students’ understanding of narrative

text. The result of tests were provided by some tables to make it more

eficient and communicative enough.

3.5.The Techniques of Data Analysis

The observaion and interview were conducted before and after Classroom

Action Research used to analyze qualitative data. On the other side, to

conduct the quantitative data, it was conducted questionnaire and test. Here

several steps were done to get the data. There was some numerical data to

be processed. First, the researcher measured the average or mean of

students’ reading score per-action within one cycle. It was used to know

how the students’ reading skills were ability.

3.5.1.Validity and Realiability

To determine the validity of the data, a checking technique of the data is needed.

According to Hatch and Farhady (1982:251) the validity, as the definition shows,

is is dependent on the use of the result. A test can be highly valid for one purpose

but not for another.

According to (Stainback , 1988) “reliability is often defined as the consistency

and stability of data or findings”.

CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

In this chapter, the writer presents conclusion and suggestion

5. 1 CONCLUSION
The aims of this study are to find out the students ability in comprehending

in short stories, either the skills or difficulties on reading the narrative text and

answer the questions about the object that described.

Based on the students’ point of narrative test, there were students that got

point 100% percentage it means the students’ level is in high level. There were also
students that got point 70% percentage it means the students’s level is in medium

lev.. There were also students that got point 50% percentage it means the students’

level is low level.

The most students got point more than 100% and less than 70% it means the

students’ point is in high level. Nevertheles, generally average is 80% it means the

students’ level is in medium point.

Based on the table students’ point, it can be noted that four students three

students (20%) got low level, four students (26%) got medium level, and eight

students (54%) got high level. Therefore, it can conclude that about 70% of students

passed the test and 30% OF students did not passed the test.

Based on the result of students questionnaire. It can be noted that all the

students know what narrative text is.

Result of questionnaire shows that a narrative text is easy to read and the questions

are easy asnwer. The students who asked to read a narrative text and answer the

questions mostly could make answer it.

5.2 Sugesstion

Having accomplished this study, the writer has some advice for the

instituation,lecture, students and upcoming reserchers to propose.

For the lecturs who teach writing or reading . in this better to assign the

students many practices at class and their house, practiculery in writing and reading
narrative text in hope they would be accustomed whenever ask them to read or

writing narrative text and enable them to think creatively.

For the students, the best way to learn Engglish epecially reading and

writing is improve your vocabularies with my practical. The last suggestion is for

the upcoming reserchers, time is everhting to reach the goal in the research, so never

give up and hard work to reach good result.

The presents study only examines 15 students. Further studis may include

more students to enchance the data. The presents study only examines ten questions

of narrative text. Further studies may include more questions to enhance the data.

The presents study only takes an hours and half to give explanation about narrative

text. Further studies may take more time for the explanation. Further studies may

include variatation objects to enchance the data.

CHAPTER IV

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS

This chapter explains the research result and discussion of the findings that consist

of data analysis and findings which explore about the result from data which have

been analyzed.

4.1.Findings

The findings of the study were to find out ( 1. students’ ability ), ( 2. Students

difficulties ) , (result of answer questionnaire).

4.1.1.Data Presentation

To describe the data, the researcher makes the score levels from tests. These

criteria consist of categorization of the scores of students. The researcher classified

the total score into three levels categories: high, medium, and low.

The categories levels as the table follow:

Table 4.1
The Score’s Levels

No Interval class Levels Grade

1 100-80 High A

2 79-60 Medium B

3 59-40 Low C
4.2. The students’ ability in comprehending short storie

Student’s text assessment is classified into three types as suggested by Emilia

(2011: 156).

1. Level High : 80-100

2. Level Medium : 60-79

3. Level Low : ≤ 59

Questions Students’ Answer

No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
2 D C C C C D C D C C D C C C C
3 B A A A A A A B A B B A B A B
4 B B A A A B A B A A B A B B B
5 C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
6 B A A A A B A A A A A A B A B
7 B A A A A B A B A A B A B A B
8 C C C C C A C C C C C C C C C
9 D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
10 C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C

The table, above shows us the answers of the students. The first question
answered is

1. The first excercise

All of the students answer the question with the correct answer it was A

2. The second exercise

It was four students answer with the false answer while 11 students answer

the questions with the correct answer.

3. The third exercise

It was six students answer with the false answer while nine students

answer the questions with the correct answer.

4. The fourth exercise

It was eight students answer with the false answer while seven students

answer the questions with the correct answer.

5. The five exercise

All of the students answer the question with the correct answer it was C

6. The six exercise

It was fourth students answer with the false answer while six students

answer questions with correct answer.

7. The seven exercise

It was six students answer with the false answer while fourth students

answer questions with correct answer

8. The eight exercise

It was students one students answer with the false answer while nine

students answer questions with correct answer.

9. The nine exercise

All of the students answer the question with the correct answer it was D

10. The last exercise

 All of the students answer the question with the correct answer it was C

Tabel 4.2

Total of Correct and Incorrect Students’ Answer PeR Question.

The following table shows the point of the students test: based on it the writer will

try to describe the data.

No Name of Correct Incorrect Percentage Levels

Students Answers Answers
1. Students 1 5 5 50% Low
2. Students 2 9 1 90% High
3. Students 3 10 0 100% High
4. Students 4 10 0 100% High
5. Students 5 9 1 90% High
6. Students 6 5 5 50% Low
7. Students 7 9 1 90% High
8. Students 8 5 5 50% Low
9. Students 9 10 1 100% High
10. Students 10 8 2 80% High
11. Students 11 6 4 60% Medium
12. Students 12 9 1 90% High
13. Students 13 6 4 60% Medium
 14. Students 14 7 3 70% Medium
15. Students 15 5 5 50% Low
Average 76% High
High levels 100% High
Medium levels 70% Medium
Low levels 50% Low

Based on the table above shows students’ percentage of narrative test,

there were students that got point 100% it means students’ level is in high level.

There were also students that got percentage 70% it means the students’ level is in

medium level.

There were also students that got percentage 50% it means the students’ level is in

low level.

The most students got point more than 100% and less than 70% it means the

students’ point is in high level. Nevertheles, generally average is 80% it means the

students’ level is in medium point.

Based on the table students’ point, it can be noted that four students three

students (20%) got low level, four students (26%) got medium level, and eight

students (54%) got high level. Therefore, it can conclude that about 70% of students

passed the test and 30% of students did not passed the test.

4.2.1 Questionnaire

No Questions Yes No
 1. Apakah kamu senang membaca cerita bahasa inggris.

2. apakah membaca cerita bahasa inggris itu mudah.

3 Saya menyukai cerita bahasa inggris

4 Saya memahami cerita bahasa inggris

5. Apakah kamu mempunyai buku cerita bahasa inggris

dirumah.

Based on the result of students questionnaire, it can be noted that all the

students know what narrative text is.

Fourth students (80%) agreed to answer “Yes” for the first question, except

there one is student (20%) that answered “No” because the participant absen when

the teacher gave explanation about narrative text.

For the second questions, three students (60%) answered “Yes” except there

are two students (40%) that answered “No’’. The writer understand the student

answered “Yes”

For the third questions, three students (60%) felt can read a narrative text it

seems from their answer that answered “Yes”, except there are two students (40%),

they felt difficult to read a narrative text, therefore, they answered “No”

Based on the answer of fourth questions, all the students (100%) thought

that is important to learnt narrative text in MTs YAKPI. It seems from the students’

answer of the fourth questions that all questions that all students answered “Yes”
 For the last questions, three students (60%) felt can answer the questions

about narrative text it seems from their answer that answered ”Yes” except there

are two students (40%) they felt difficult to answer a narrative text. Therefore, they

answered “No”.

4.3 Discussions

The researcher would be discussed from the test instrument, the findings it

was 7.6 as the average scors of there test scores. There were three students got can

100% percentage.

Based on the students’ point of narrative test, there were students that got

point 100% percentage it means the students’ level is in high level. There were also

students that got point 70% percentage it means the students’s level is in medium

lev.. There were also students that got point 50% percentage it means the students’

level is low level.

The most students got point more than 100% and less than 70% it means the

students’ point is in high level. Nevertheles, generally average is 80% it means the

students’ level is in medium point.

Based on the table students’ point, it can be noted that four students three

students (20%) got low level, four students (26%) got medium level, and eight

students (54%) got high level. Therefore, it can conclude that about 70% of students

passed the test and 30% of students did not passed the test.
 Based on the result of students questionnaire. It can be noted that all the

students know what narrative text is.

Result of questionnaire shows that a narrative text is easy to read and the questions

are easy asnwer. The students who asked to read a narrative text and answer the

questions mostly could make answer it.

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

In this chapter, the writer presents(1) conclusion and (2) suggestion

5. 1 CONCLUSION

The aims of this study are to find out the students ability in comprehending

in short stories, either the skills or difficulties on reading the narrative text and

answer the questions about the object that described.

Based on the students’ point of narrative test, there were students that got

point 100% percentage it means the students’ level is in high level. There were also

students that got point 70% percentage it means the students’s level is in medium

lev.. There were also students that got point 50% percentage it means the students’

level is low level.

The most students got point more than 100% and less than 70% it means the

students’ point is in high level. Nevertheles, generally average is 80% it means the

students’ level is in medium point.

Based on the table students’ point, it can be noted that four students three

students (20%) got low level, four students (26%) got medium level, and eight

students (54%) got high level. Therefore, it can conclude that about 70% of students

passed the test and 30% OF students did not passed the test.

Based on the result of students questionnaire. It can be noted that all the

students know what narrative text is.

Result of questionnaire shows that a narrative text is easy to read and the questions

are easy asnwer. The students who asked to read a narrative text and answer the

questions mostly could make answer it.

5.2 Sugesstion

Having accomplished this study, the writer has some advice for the

instituation,lecture, students and upcoming reserchers to propose.

For the lecturs who teach writing or reading . in this better to assign the

students many practices at class and their house, practiculery in writing and reading

narrative text in hope they would be accustomed whenever ask them to read or

writing narrative text and enable them to think creatively.

For the students, the best way to learn Engglish epecially reading and

writing is improve your vocabularies with my practical. The last suggestion is for

the upcoming reserchers, time is everhting to reach the goal in the research, so never

give up and hard work to reach good result.

The presents study only examines 15 students. Further studis may include

more students to enchance the data. The presents study only examines ten questions

of narrative text. Further studies may include more questions to enhance the data.

The presents study only takes an hours and half to give explanation about narrative

text. Further studies may take more time for the explanation. Further studies may

include variatation objects to enchance the data.