Basio, Kim Well James F.

BSMLS-2K
September 30, 2019

>Where was the original epicenter of the SARS explosion?

 Hong Kong was the original epicenter of the SARS explosion where it was first
alerted threat of the virus at the end of march.

> What was the initial impact when SARS first hit?

 Social lockdown, no more handshaking, no more direct contact to a person, and

no direct contact with fomites.

> What was the type of exposure?

 The type of exposure is direct person to person contact and indirect contact
exposure through droplet.

> What was the route of spread?

 The route of spread of SARS was not only sneezing or coughing but through
direct, close contact with someone who’s infected.

> What was the incubation period?

 The incubation period of SARS is typically 2 to 7 days, although in some cases it

may be as long as 10 days.

> Who was considered as patient zero? Where did he come from?

 To the patient who acquire the virus who named as Prof. Lui. Also he came from
Guangzhou South China

> Where did patient zero likely acquire the virus? How did he acquire it?

 Patient zero was likely acquired the virus in the village of Guangzhou Province in
Southern China which he also acquired it through direct or close contact with a
person who’s infected.

> What happened at Amoy Gardens?

 The residence of Amoy Gardens was acquired a virus called SARS and it is also
being passed by the communal services like lift button of an elevator or door
handlers or through the direct contact of the person who acquired the disease
like sneezing or coughing.

> How did the officials deal with the situation at Amoy Gardens?

 By a full scanned emergency where the officials moved in to disinfect the blocked
of Amoy Gardens.

> What is the difference between isolation and quarantine? When are they needed?

 Isolation used separates sick persons with contagious disease from those who
are healthy while quarantine used also to separate and restrict the movement of
people who may have been exposed to a contagious disease and to see if they
become ill. Isolation and quarantine are used in the day of exposure which to
protect the public by preventing exposure to infected persons or to persons who
may be infected.
> How is a “superspreader” defined? How does the advances of the modern world play a
role in the spread of disease?

 A superspreader names to a people who seem to be given infection of lots of

people. They tend to spread disease to other people by direct contact or indirect
contact. Nowadays with the advancement of technology it is easy to used
medical equipment’s which to detect the agent of disease, and to determine
diagnosis and establish treatment.

> How is the SARS virus described? What instrument was used to identify it?

 SARS virus described when someone who coughs or sneezes, infected droplets
spray into the air. The Personal Wellbeing Index, a contemporary instrument
employed to measure SWB, and was also examined for its psychometric
performance to substantiate is use.

> What are the signs and symptoms of SARS?

 SARS usually begins with flu-like signs and symptoms – fever, chills, muscle
aches, headache and occasionally diarrhea. After about a week, sign and
symptoms include:

 Fever of 100.5 F (38 C) or higher

 Dry cough

 Shortness of breath

> What is the proposed etiology of SARS?

 The caused member of the coronavirus family of viruses (the same family that
can cause the common cold) which is the proposed etiology of SARS. Started in
China in 2003 which spread from small mammals.

> What can we learn about how the Canadians and Chinese deal with public health
concerns?

 In Canadians they’ve dealing a tough way in public health concerns like

restricting passenger and dealing also safety guidelines and quarantine.
Although in Chinese they deal more in disinfection and they’ve investigate also
the SARS virus on how it spread, what is the cause of its virus.

> What is the SARS situation now in the Philippines?

 The infection reported in Philippines were only 10 cases of SARS-CoV. As part of

the protocol the patients were isolated. Although the two imported cases died
and the remaining have been discharged and recovering in the hospital. Since
then it is tightly watched out and were isolated. Nowadays no travel restrictions
have been imposed that is related to this virus.

> Why is an early warning surveillance necessary?

 It potentially enhances countries abilities to detect events affecting public health

and acute threats to global health security during emergencies.

> How does mutation play a role in the spread of disease?

 Over 100 years some form SARS virus and some of these are mutant stains.
Though SARS cannot be detected in a healthy human body antibody, instead it
shows up in the patients who fights with SARS. Since then the virus is new to
human and only come up with animals.
> What is the prospect of emerging infectious diseases in the next few years?

 The prospect of emerging infectious diseases in the next few years is that SARS
coronavirus caught the people off guard causes severe problems. Although the
example of this is the mutation of the pathogen which threatens people that its
microorganisms develop new strains and also which is new to humans.

> Using the steps in epidemic outbreak investigation, create a table and identify how
each step was performed in the investigation of the SARS outbreak.

1. ESTABLISH DIAGNOSIS By the use of laboratory method for

SARS diagnosis include:
 Positive SARS diagnostic test
findings:
 (Confirmed positive PCR for
SARS virus, Seroconversion by
ELISA or IFA, Virus Isolation)
 Confirmation of positive PCR
 PCR testing
 * Antibody testing
1. ESTABLISH CASE  To describe the epidemiology of
DEFINITION SARS and to monitor the
magnitude and the spread of this
disease, in order to provide advice
on prevention and control.
2. DETERMINE IF  China was the first epidemic of
EPIDEMIC IS OCCURING SARS because of its large number
of cases identified
 The epidemic threshold for SARS
was set by public health
professional.
3. CHARATERIZE  February 21, 2003
EPIDEMIC (TIME, PLACE,  Hong Kong
PERSON)  *Professor Lui Jianlun
1. DEVELOP HYPOTHESIS  Sources: From avian animals
(SOURCES, PATTERNS  Patterns of spread: Primary
OF SPREAD, MODE OF person-to-person spread and
TRANSMISSION) Secondary person-to-person
spread
 Mode of Transmission: Direct
contact transmission, droplet and
vehicle transmission
2. TEST HYPOTHESES  Public health professionals traced
the route of the transmission
 They’ve tested the tissue sample
of infected individuals
 Confirmed that the virus was
made from avian animals which
conducted in laboratory tests
3. INITIATE CONTROL  Disinfection, Quarantine, Isolation,
MEASURE Proper Hand Washing Technique
4. INITIATE SPECIFIC
FOLLOW-UP  Tracking the incidence and
SURVEILLANCE TO prevalence rate
EVALUATE CONTROL
MEASURES
REFERENCES:
https://www.hhs.gov/answers/public-health-and-safety/what-is-the-difference-between-
isolation-and-quarantine/index.html

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19023726

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007192.htm

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3713834/