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INTRODUCTION

A closed loop control system is a set of mechanical or electronic device that


automatically regulates a process variable to a desired state or set point without human
interaction. Closed loop control systems contrast with open loop control systems which require
manual input.
A control loop is a system of hardware components and software control function
involved in measuring and adjusting a variable that controls an individual process. Closed loop
control systems are widely used in industry application including agriculture, chemical plants,
quality control, nuclear power plants, water treatment plants and environmental control. Closed
loop control systems enable automation in a number of industrial and environment settings and
regulate processec in industrial control systems(ICS) such as supervisory control and data
acquisition(SCADA) and distributed control systems(DCS).
Unlike open loop control systems or switchable controls loops, closed loop don’t take
input from human operators. This means that other than adjustment by control systems, they
operate automatically and independently. In cloosed loop control, the action is entirely
dependent on process variable. In regards to a heating system, for example, a closed loop might
maintain a temperature as a set point, automatically switching on when temperature is below
the set point. Open control in contrasr would enable individual to set timers and turn instant on
heat.

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OBJECTIVE
 To investigate the performance of speed control system using Closed Loop controller
 To analyze and evaluate the performance of the control system

METHODOLOGY
1. Wiring connection of the control system had been verified. All of the specific cable had
been connected to its place and the power source had been turned on.
2. The developed LABVIEW program had been run. (Make sure that the software detect
which hardware that been connected)
3. The control system that been used must be understanded. Know how PID control
system work and its behavior.
4. Implement the closed loop control system by changing the value of proportional
gain(Kc), integral time(Ti) and derrivative time(Td) to get a stable system.

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RESULTS
Kc Ti Td Tachometer LABVIEW
(diagram)
1.000 0.010 0.000 2.51953

0.800 0.008 0.000 3.40332

0.600 0.006 0.000 3.42285

0.400 0.004 0.000 3.49023

0.200 0.002 0.000 2.94922

0.150 0.002 0.000 2.99316

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0.150 0.001 0.000 2.92480

0.100 0.001 0.000 3.01270

ANALYSIS
Based on the diagram, the diagram that we got from LABVIEW software there are 2
line that appear. Red line represent the actual output while the white line represent desired
output. So what we wanted is the red and white line are alligned to each other. We have been
changing the Kc, Ti, Td value to ensure that out actual output allign with the desired output.
These Kc, Ti, Td value act as controller for our system known as PID controller. We
could use this PID controller to stabilize our system. A stable system means that both white
and red line are well alligned to each other. Once those line had alligned, we could assumed
that our Kc, Ti, and Td value are at the best.
Our tachometer act as variable to be observed. Once our tachometer reach to our set
point then those line will be alligned. As long as tachometer reading doesn’t met our set point,
our system doesn’t stable. Therefore we have to change our controller in order to make our
tachometer reading achieve our set point.

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DISCUSSION
In this experiment, we use PID controller to control the performance of the system. Initial value
of our experiment are Kc = 0.100, Ti= 0.010 min, Td= 0.000 min. The speed set point is 3.00
m/s. We decided to remain constant the value of Td and change the value of Kc and Ti. We
decreased value of Kc by 0.200 and Ti value by 0.002.
Our system keep the oscilation for Kc value are 1.000, 0.800, 0.600, 0.400 and value
of Ti are 0.010, 0.008, 0.006, 0.004. This means that our combination of our controller value
is not at its best performance resulting unstable system. When we dropped our Kc value to
0.200 and Ti value to 0.002, our system started to show the positive change with the reading
of tachometer is 2.94922 m/s. The error of our system had been reduce but still the system
doesn’t stable.
Then we reduce our Kc into 0.150 while we remain our Ti at 0.002, our system work at
its best with both red and white line well alligned and our tachometer reading is 2.99316 m/s.
The error of the system only at 0.228 %.
But we keep trying to reduce the value of our error. Then we reduce the value of our Ti
into 0.001 and keep our Kc at 0.150 but our error is increasing with the reading of our
tachometer is 2.92480 m/s while our percentage error is 2.51%. We continue to reduce our Kc
value into 0.100 and kept our Ti at 0.001 but our error kept increasing. Our tachometer readings
become 3.01270 m/s and our percentage error is 0.423%.
Therefore, we decide to set our controller value at its best we could get which Kc=
0.150, Ti = 0.002, Td = 0.000. Our best perfomance that our system could archieve is 2.99316
m/s at 0.228% of percentage error.

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CONCLUSION
In conclusion, we can say that our experiment is successful since we get the tachometer reading
close to the set point 3.00 m/s which is 2.99316 m/s with 0.228% of percentage error. We have
achieved our objective in this experiment which we have to investigate the performance of
speed control system using closed loop controller that we set earlier at 3.00m/s. We also have
analyze and evaluate the performance of the control system when we changing the value of Kc,
Ti, and Td.

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