Fonseca, Raymond J, dkk. 2005. Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma 3rd Edition. Elsavier
: USA
Pedersen G. 1996. Buku Ajar Bedah Mulut. Alih Bahasa : Purwanto. Jakarta : EGC
http://repository.umy.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/6868/bab%20ii.pdf?
sequence=3&isAllowed=y