B.

NERACA ENERGI

Gambar B.2. Blok Diagram Neraca Energi Unit Rotary Kiln

Keterangan:
Input Output
1 = Panas Sensibel Kiln Feed 5 = Panas Penguapan H2O
2 = Panas Sensibel Batubara 6 = Panas Sensibel Gas Buang
3 = Panas Sensibel Udara In 7 = Panas Sensibel Klinker
4 = Panas Pembakaran Batubara 8 = Panas Sensibel Debu
9 = Panas Pembentukan Klinker
10 = Panas Hilang Akibat Radiasi
11 = Panas Hilang Akibat Konveksi
12 = Panas Hilang Lainnya

Tabel B.8. Ketetapan Variabel A,B,C Berbagai Material dan Gas

Komponen A B x 10¯⁶ C x 10¯⁹
Kiln Feed 0.206 101 -37
Klinker 0.186 54 0
Batubara 0.262 390 0
Udara 0.237 23 0

Cp = A + BxTx10¯⁶ + CxT²x10¯⁹ (Sumber : F.L.Smidth)

Q = m x cp x ΔT

1 Panas Sensibel Kiln Feed masuk Rotary Kiln

Massa Kiln Feed = 150000 kg
T = 856 ⁰C
ΔT = 831 ⁰C
Cp = A + BxTx10¯⁶ + CxT²x10¯⁹
= 0.206 + 101 x ### 10¯⁶ + -37 x 831.48² x 10¯⁹
= 0.264 kcal/kgᵒC
Q1 = m x cp x ΔT
 = 150000 kg x 0.26 kcal/kgᵒC x 831 ⁰C
= 32976396.69 kcal

2 Panas Sensibel Batubara masuk Rotary Kiln

Massa Batubara = 5610 kg
T = 63 ⁰C
ΔT = 38 ⁰C
Cp = A + BxTx10¯⁶ + CxT²x10¯⁹
= 0.262 + 390 x ### 10¯⁶ + 0x 37.78² x 10¯⁹
= 0.277 kcal/kgᵒC
Q2 = m x cp x ΔT
= 5610 kg x 0.28 kcal/kgᵒC x 38
= 58652.65141 kcal

3 Panas Sensibel Udara masuk Rotary Kiln

Massa Primary Air = 24702.71 kg
T = 80 ⁰C
ΔT = 55 ⁰C
Cp = A + BxTx10¯⁶ + CxT²x10¯⁹
= 0.237 + 23 x 55 x 10¯⁶ + 0x 55² x 10¯⁹
= 0.238265
Q3a = m x cp x ΔT
= 24703 kg x 0.24 kcal/kgᵒC x 55 ⁰C
= 323718.5004 kcal
Massa Secondary Air = 24541.35 kg
T = 1008 ⁰C
ΔT = 983 ⁰C
Cp = A + BxTx10¯⁶ + CxT²x10¯⁹
= 0.237 + 23 x ### 10¯⁶ + 0x 982.85² x 10¯⁹
= 0.260 kcal/kgᵒC
Q3b = m x cp x ΔT
= 24541 kg x 0.26 kcal/kgᵒC x 983
= 6261805.876 kcal

Massa H2O Udara = 689.42 kg

T = 80 ⁰C
ΔT = 55 ⁰C
Cp = A + BxTx10¯⁶ + CxT²x10¯⁹
= 0.44 + 39 x 55 x 10¯⁶ + 28 x 55² x 10¯⁹
 = 0.442 kcal/kgᵒC
Q3c = m x cp x ΔT
= 689 kg x 0.44 kcal/kgᵒC x 55
= 16768.43149 kcal

Total Panas Sensibel Udara In

= Q3a + Q3b + Q3c
= 323718.50 + 6261805.88 + 16768.43 kcal
= 6602292.81 kcal

4 Panas Pembakaran Batubara bahan bakar Burner

NHV fine coal = 4912 kcal/kg
Massa Fine Coal = 5610 kg
Q4 = m x NHV
= 5610 kg x 4912 kcal/kg
= 27556320 kcal

5 Panas Sensibel Klinker

Massa Klinker = 146025 kg
T = 1320 ⁰C
ΔT = 1295 ⁰C
Cp = A + BxTx10¯⁶ + CxT²x10¯⁹
= 0.186 + 54 x 1295 x10¯⁶ + 0x 1295² x 10¯⁹
= 0.256 kcal/kgᵒC

Q5 = m x cp x ΔT
= 146025 kg x 0.26 kcal/kgᵒC x 1295 ⁰C
= 48396935.24 kcal

6 Panas Penguapan H2O

a. Panas Laten H2O dari udara dan pembakaran batubara
λ (100 ⁰C = 212 ⁰F) = 970 Btu/lb
= 970 Btu/lb x 1 KJ/Kg
0.42 Btu/lb
= 2282.4 KJ/Kg x 0.2 kkal/KJ
= 547.775 kkal/Kg
Massa H₂O dari udara dan reaksi pembakaran batubara
= 689.4 kg + 5065.2 kg
= 5754.62 kg
 Q (laten) = m x λ
= 5754.62 kg x 547.78 kkal/Kg
= 3152235.300 kkal

b. Panas Laten H₂O dari batubara

Massa H₂O dari batubara = 756.00 kg
Q (laten) = m x λ
= 756.00 kg x 548 kcal/kg
= 414,118 kcal

Panas Penguapan H2O (Q6)

= Q7a + Q7b
= 3152235.30 + 414,118 kcal
= 3566353.21 kcal

7 Panas Gas Buang keluar Rotary Kiln

Komposisi Gas Buang keluar Rotary Kiln
CO2 = 365.79 kmol
O2 = 40.62 kmol
N2 = 1190.25 kmol
SO2 = 1.05 kmol
H2O = 158.88 kmol〖 10 〗 ^(−6)
CO = 1.76 kmol

Tabel B.9. Cp Gas Buang

Gas A B x 10¯3 C x
CO2 6.339 10.14 -3.415
O2 6.117 3.167 -1.005
N2 6.457 1.389 -0.069
SO2 6.945 10.01 -3.794
H2O 7.136 2.64 -0.046
CO 6,350 1,811 -0.268
Sumber : Hougen, Eng Chem. 255 (1954)

Satuan Cp adalah kcal/kmol K

 Tabel B.10. Panas Tiap komposisi Gas Buang
Cp ΔT
Komponen Massa Q (kkal)
(kkal/kmol K) (K)
CO2 8.31 10.060 830 3054368.68
H2 O 8.82 8.270 830 1090612.11
N2 42.49 7.045 830 6959730.6
O2 1.3 7.291 830 245852.2
SO₂ 0.016 10.536 830 9198.19
CO 0.063 7134.111 830 10411825.52
Total 21771587.29

Panas Gas Buang (Q7) = Panas gas buang total - panas laten H2O BB
= 21771587.29 - 414,118 kcal
= 21357469.37 kcal

8 Panas Sensibel Debu (Q8)

Massa debu = 5108.38 kg
T = 415 C
〖 10 〗 ^(−5)
ΔT = 390 C
〖 10 〗 ^(−5)
Cp = 6 x T ### kcal/kg C (Peray,1979)
= 6x (390) + 0.2 kcal/kg
= 0.2202 kcal/kg C

Q8 = m x cp x ΔT
= 5,108.38 kg x 0.2 kcal/kg C x 390 ⁰C
= 438,697 kkal

9 Panas Pembentukan Klinker (Q9)

a. Panas Reaksi Kalsinasi
CaCO3 CaO + CO2
310.15 310.15 310.15

Entalpi Pembentukan
ΔHf CaCO₃ = -288459 kkal/kmol
ΔHf CaO = -151900 kkal/kmol
 ΔHf CO₂ = -94052 kkal/kmol
(Sumber: Hougen, tabel 29 heats of formation and solution, h.397)

ΔHᵣ⁰ = (ΔHf Produk - ΔHf Reaktan) x mol CaCO₃

= -[((151900 ### -(288459.000)] kcal/kmol x 310.15
= 13,183,747.00 kcal

MgCO3 MgO + CO2

12.10 12.10 12.10
Entalpi Pembentukan
ΔHf MgCO₃ = -266000 kkal/kmol
ΔHf MgO = -143840 kkal/kmol
ΔHf CO₂ = -94052 kkal/kmol
(Sumber: Hougen, tabel 29 heats of formation and solution, h.397)

ΔHᵣ⁰ = (ΔHf Produk - ΔHf Reaktan) x mol CaCO₃

= -[((143840 - ### -(266000.000)] kcal/kmol x 12.10
= 340046.78 kcal

Q Reaksi Kalsinasi = ### + 340,046.78

= 13523793.78 kcal

Cp CaCO3 (600oC) = 29.65636 kkal/kmol.K

= 0.296564 kkal/kg.K
Cp MgCO3 (600oC) = 16.9 kkal/kmol.K
= 0.20119 kkal/kg.K

Q CaCO3 = 1514253.93 kkal/kg

Q MgCO3 = 15617 kkal/kg
Q Reaktan (Q1) = 1529871.35 kkal/kg

Cp CaO (800oC) = 13.57119 kkal/kmol.K

= 0.242343 kkal/kg.K
Cp MgO (800oC) = 11.44 kkal/kmol.K
= 0.286005 kkal/kg.K
 Q CaO = 16847053.81 kkal/kg
Q MgO = 192839 kkal/kg
Q Produk (Q2) = 17039892.74 kkal/kg

Q9 = ΔHᵣ⁰ + Q2 - Q1
= 13523793.78 + 17039892.74 - 1529871.35 kcal
= 29033815.18 kcal

10 Panas Hilang Akibat Radiasi

Panas radiasi pada Kiln dapat dihitung dengan Rumus,
Q = σ ɛ A kiln (Ts)4/1000 - (T∞)4/ 1000
Sumber: Ozisik, M.C, dan Yildiz Bayazitoglu, Element of Heat Transfer,
Mc Graw-Hill Book Company, 1998.
Keterangan
Q = Panas Radiasi (Btu/hr)
σ = Nilai tetapan stefan - Boltzmann (Btu/ft2hr 0F)
ɛ = Emisivitas steel oxidized pada 11100F (0,79)
A = Luas Permukaan kiln
Ts = Temperatur pada dinding kiln (0F)
T∞ = Temperatur Lingkungan (0F)

Diketahui
Diameter Kiln (D) = ###
= 4.5 m x (3,2808 ft/1 m)
= ###
Panjang Kiln (I) = 75 m
Panjang per meter (s) = 6 m x 3.2808 ft/m
= 19.7 ft
Temperatur Lingkungan = 86 F
Radiasi Kiln Sepanjang 1 s/d 6 meter
A = 3,14 x D x s = ### ft² 152.09 /m
ɛ = 0.79
σ = 1730 Btu/hr °F
Ts4/1000 = 0.0895260 F
T∞4/1000 = 0.0000547 F
 Tabel B.11. Perhitungan Panas Radiasi
Ts4/1000 Q (Panas Radiasi)
I (m) s(ft) A (ft2) Ts
(0F) (Btu) (Kcal)
5 16.404 760.2663 680 ### 266662.39 66665.60
6 3.2808 152.0533 714.2 ### 54082.19 13520.55
7 3.2808 152.0533 669.2 ### 41686.80 10421.70
8 3.2808 152.0533 582.8 ### 23980.21 5995.05
9 3.2808 152.0533 660.2 ### 39489.07 9872.27
10 3.2808 152.0533 581 ### 23685.33 5921.33
11 3.2808 152.0533 604.4 ### 27737.84 6934.46
12 3.2808 152.0533 482 ### 11219.23 2804.81
13 3.2808 152.0533 588.2 ### 24881.41 6220.35
14 3.2808 152.0533 514.4 ### 14553.88 3638.47
15 3.2808 152.0533 496.4 ### 12621.24 3155.31
16 3.2808 152.0533 388.4 ### 4730.33 1182.58
17 3.2808 152.0533 386.6 ### 4643.25 1160.81
18 3.2808 152.0533 350.6 ### 3140.67 785.17
19 3.2808 152.0533 800.6 ### 85395.94 21348.98
20 3.2808 152.0533 800.6 ### 85395.94 21348.98
21 3.2808 152.0533 824 ### 95826.08 23956.52
22 3.2808 152.0533 955.4 ### 173187.21 43296.80
23 3.2808 152.0533 1173.2 ### 393788.55 98447.14
24 3.2808 152.0533 1245.2 ### 499725.28 124931.32
25 3.2808 152.0533 1185.8 ### 410979.97 102744.99
26 3.2808 152.0533 1194.8 ### 423599.78 105899.94
27 3.2808 152.0533 1124.6 ### 332481.27 83120.32
28 3.2808 152.0533 1054.5 ### 257016.62 64254.15
29 3.2808 152.0533 1040 ### 243169.01 60792.25
30 3.2808 152.0533 788 ### 80145.61 20036.40
31 3.2808 152.0533 969.8 ### 183866.91 45966.73
32 3.2808 152.0533 955.4 ### 173187.21 43296.80
33 3.2808 152.0533 930.2 ### 155625.30 38906.33
34 3.2808 152.0533 980.6 ### 192195.15 48048.79
35 3.2808 152.0533 989.6 ### 199348.80 49837.20
36 3.2808 152.0533 1065.2 ### 267608.25 66902.06
37 3.2808 152.0533 10.47 ### 0.00 0.00
38 3.2808 152.0533 1059.8 ### 262222.85 65555.71
39 3.2808 152.0533 1059.8 ### 262222.85 65555.71
40 3.2808 152.0533 1065.2 ### 267608.25 66902.06
 41 3.2808 152.0533 1054.4 ### 256919.14 64229.78
42 3.2808 152.0533 892.4 ### 131829.65 32957.41
43 3.2808 152.0533 8667.2 ### ### 293244685.75
44 3.2808 152.0533 1036.4 ### 239819.50 59954.87
45 3.2808 152.0533 1032.8 ### 236504.71 59126.18
46 3.2808 152.0533 1032.8 ### 236504.71 59126.18
47 3.2808 152.0533 1027.4 ### 231597.10 57899.27
48 3.2808 152.0533 1027.4 ### 231540.63 57885.16
49 3.2808 152.0533 885.2 ### 127626.39 31906.60
50 3.2808 152.0533 32 ### 0.22 0.05
51 3.2808 152.0533 32 ### 0.22 0.05
52 3.2808 152.0533 32 ### 0.22 0.05
53 3.2808 152.0533 32 ### 0.22 0.05
54 3.2808 152.0533 32 ### 0.22 0.05
55 3.2808 152.0533 32 ### 0.22 0.05
56 3.2808 152.0533 32 ### 0.22 0.05
57 3.2808 152.0533 32 ### 0.22 0.05
58 3.2808 152.0533 885.2 ### 127626.39 31906.60
59 3.2808 152.0533 870.8 ### 119522.19 29880.55
60 3.2808 152.0533 921.2 ### 149689.24 37422.31
61 3.2808 152.0533 969.8 ### 183866.91 45966.73
62 3.2808 152.0533 973.4 ### 186612.29 46653.07
63 3.2808 152.0533 32 ### 0.22 0.05
64 3.2808 152.0533 32 ### 0.22 0.05
65 3.2808 152.0533 32 ### 0.22 0.05
66 3.2808 152.0533 32 ### 0.22 0.05
67 3.2808 152.0533 32 ### 0.22 0.05
68 3.2808 152.0533 32 ### 0.22 0.05
69 3.2808 152.0533 32 ### 0.22 0.05
70 3.2808 152.0533 32 ### 0.22 0.05
71 3.2808 152.0533 32 ### 0.22 0.05
72 3.2808 152.0533 32 ### 0.22 0.05
73 3.2808 152.0533 32 ### 0.22 0.05
74 3.2808 152.0533 32 ### 0.22 0.05
75 3.2808 152.0533 32 ### 0.22 0.05
Total Panas Hilang Radiasi (Q10) 295139698.31
7 1.1E+12
11 Panas Hilang Akibat Konveksi
Panas konveksi pada Kiln dapat dihitung dengan Rumus,
Q = Hc x A kiln (Ts)/1000 - (T∞)/1000
Sumber: Ozisik, M.C, dan Yildiz Bayazitoglu, Element of Heat Transfer,
Mc Graw-Hill Book Company, 1998.
Keterangan
Q = Panas Radiasi (Btu/hr)
A = Luas Permukaan Kiln
Ts = Temperatur pada dinding Kiln (0C)
T∞ = Temperatur Lingkungan (0C)

Diketahui
Diameter Kiln (D) = ###
Panjang Kiln (I) = 75 m
Panjang per meter (s) = 6 m
Temperatur Lingkungan = 298 K
Konveksi Kiln Sepanjang 1 s/d 6 meter
A = 3,14 x D x s = 0 m² 0.00 /m
Hc = 80.8 C + 287 (H-O2/8) + 22.45 S - 6 H2 O
= 5977.5775 kcal/kg

Tabel B.12. Perhitungan Panas Konveksi

Ts/1000 Q
I (m) s(m) A (m2) Ts Hc
(K) (Kcal)
12 Panas Hilang Lainnya
Panas Hilang Lainnya = Panas Input - Panas Output
= 97688415.1 - 106672701.71
= -8984286.61

Tabel B.13. Neraca Panas Optimasi

Panas Input (kcal) Panas Output (kcal)
Panas Sensibel Kiln Feed 32976396.69 Panas Sensibel Klinker 48396935.24
Panas Sensibel Batubara 58652.65 Panas Sensibel Gas Buang 21357469.37
Panas Sensibel Udara In 6602292.81 Panas Penguapan H 2
O 3566353.21
Panas Pembakaran Batubara 27556320 Panas Sensibel Debu 438697.33
Panas Pembentukan Klinker 29033815.2
Panas Hilang Radiasi 1062502913921.68
Panas Hilang Konveksi 0.00
Panas Hilang Lainnya 0.00
Total 67193662.15 1062605707192.02
0.0

Efisiensi Termal = Q Kiln Feed - Q Klinker

x 100
ΔHRT
 -15420538.55 kcal
= x 100 = -29 %
52480142.59 kcal

Spesific Fuel Consumption (SFC)= Panas Pembakaran Batubara

Massa Produk (Klinker)
= 27556320 kcal
150000 kg
= 183.71 kcal/kg
 LAMPIRAN 2
PERHITUNGAN KINERJA UNIT ROTARY KILN
PT. SEMEN BATURAJA (PERSERO) Tbk
A.NERACA MASSA

Basis= 1jam operasi

1 Kiln Feed masuk Rotary Kiln
Umpan = 150.0 ton x 1000 kg = 150000 kg
1 ton
Tabel B.1. Massa Komponen Kiln Feed Tanggal 19 Agustus 2019
Komponen Komposisi (% massa) Massa (kg)
SiO2 21.50 32250.00
Al2O3 6.72 10080.00
Fe2O3 4.28 6420.00
CaO 59.80 89700.00
MgO 0.58 870.00
K2O 0.56 840.00
SO3 0.53 795.00
CaCO₃ 5.92 8880.00
MgCO₃ 0.09 135.00

Reaksi Kalsinasi di dalam Rotary Kiln

a. Massa CaCO3 Kiln Feed = 8880.00 kg
= 88.7236976 kmol
CaCO3 CaO + CO2
88.72 88.72 88.72 kmol
dari reaksi diatas,
massa CO2 yang terbentuk = 88.72 kmol x ###
= 3904.64 kg

b. Massa MgCO3 Kiln Feed = 135.00 kg

= 1.6012 kmol
MgCO3 MgO + CO2
1.60 1.60 1.60 kmol
dari reaksi diatas,
massa CO2 yang terbentuk = 1.60 kmol x ###
= 70.47 kg
 Massa CO2 total reaksi kalsinasi = 88.72 + 1.601
= 90.32 kmol
2 Batubara masuk Rotary Kiln
Mass = 5.6 ton x 1000 kg = 5610 kg
1 ton

Tabel B.2. Massa Komponen Fine Coal Tanggal 19 Agustus 2019

Komponen Komposisi (% massa) Massa (kg)
C 59.3 3326.73
H 4.3 241.23
O 12.9 723.69
N 0.8 44.88
S 0.6 33.66
H2 O 9.97 559.317
Ash 12.13 680.493

3 Menghitung komposisi gas buang keluar Rotary Kiln

Untuk memprediksi komposisi gas keluar kiln perlu ditetapkan beberapa
parameter acuan:
a CO2 dalam gas buang = CO2 pembakaran batubara + CO2 kalsinasi
b Kadar CO di dalam gas buang < 0,1 % (Hal ini adalah syarat beroperasinya
alat Electrostatic Precipitator, sehingga pada perhitungan berikut
ditetapkan kandungan gas CO adalah 0,1 % volume total.

4 Reaksi pembakaran teoritis

a. Massa C dalam Batubara = 3326.73 kg
= 277.2275 kmol
C + O2 CO2
277.23 277.228 277.2 kmol
dari reaksi diatas,
massa CO2 yang terbentuk = 277.23 kmol x ###
= 12200.51 kg

b. Massa H dalam Batubara = 241.23 kg

= 241.23 kmol
H2 + ½ O2 H2 O
 120.62 60.31 120.62 kmol
dari reaksi diatas,
massa H2O yang terbentuk = 120.62 kmol x ###
= 2172.88 kg

c. Massa S dalam Batubara = 33.66 kg

= 1.051875 kmol
S + O2 SO2
1.0519 1.0519 1.0519 kmol
dari reaksi diatas,
massa SO2 yang terbentuk = 1.052 kmol x ###
= 67.39 kg

- O2 Teoritis
mol O2 Teoritis = mol O2 pembakaran C + mol O2 pembakaran H
mol O2 pembakaran S - mol O2 di Batubara
= 277.23 + 60.31 + 1.05 - 22.62
= 315.97 kmol
- Udara Teoritis
mol udara teoritis = mol O2 teoritis x 100%/ 21%
= 315.97 / 0.21
= 1504.620 kmol
- N2 Udara
Mol N2 Udara = Mol udara teoritis - Mol O2 teoritis
= 1504.62 kmol - 315.97 kmol
= 1188.650 kmol

- N2 Total = Mol N2 dari Udara + Mol N2 dari Batubara

= 1188.65 kmol + 1.60 kmol
= 1190.252 kmol
Tabel B.3. Massa Komponen Gas Buang Teoritis
Komponen kmol % BM Massa (kg)
CO2 367.55 21.89 44.009 16175.61
SO2 1.05 0.06 64 67.39
N2 1190.252 70.87 28 33343.71
H2 O 120.62 7.18 18 2172.88
Total 1679.47 100 - 51759.59
 d. Menentukan O2 dalam Gas Buang
Udara Excess = 12.9% = 0.129
Udara Suplai = 1.129 x kmol udara teoritis
= 1.129 x 1504.620
= 1698.07087 kmol
O2 dari udara = 0.21 x 1698.0708685317
= 356.594882 kmol

O2 sisa di gas buang = 356.594882 - 315.97

= 40.62 kmol
Total Gas Buang = 1679.47 + 40.62
= 1720.10 kmol

% O2 dalam Gas Buang = 40.62 x 100%

1720.10
= 2.3618 %

Tabel B.4. Massa Komponen Gas Buang Teoritis (O2)

Komponen kmol % BM Massa (kg)
CO2 367.55 21.37 44.009 16175.61
SO2 1.05 0.06 64 67.39
N2 1190.25 69.20 28 33343.71
H2 O 120.62 7.01 18 2172.88
O2 40.62 2.36 32 1299.91
Total 1720.10 100 - 53059.50

e. Menghitung H2O dari Udara Suplai

Udara Suplai = 1698.071 kmol = 49244.055 kg
T Udara Suplai = 32 C
Relative Humidity = 68.0 %
Humidity = 0.014 kg H2O/kg dry air (Perry, Fig. 12-36)

H2O dalam udara = Humidity x Udara Suplai

= 0.014 kg H2O/kg dry air x 49244.06 kg
= 689.417 kgH2O / 18 kg/kmol
 = 38.269 kmol

Tabel B.5. Massa Komponen Gas Buang

Komponen kmol % BM Massa (kg)
CO2 367.55 20.90 44.009 16175.61
SO2 1.05 0.06 64 67.39
N2 1190.25 67.69 28 33343.71
H2 O 158.88 9.04 18 2862.30
O2 40.62 2.31 32 1299.91
Total 1758.36 100 - 53748.92
f. Menentukan CO dalam Gas Buang (CO dalam gas buang < 0,1 %)
CO dalam gas buang = 0.10% = 0.001
CO dalam gas buang = 0.001 x 1758.36 kmol
= 1.7584 kmol
CO2 dalam gas buang = 367.5524 - 1.7584 kmol
= 365.7940 kmol

Tabel B.6. Massa Komponen Gas Buang Akhir

Komponen kmol % BM Massa (kg)
CO2 365.79 20.80 44.009 16098.23
SO2 1.05 0.06 64 67.39
N2 1190.25 67.69 28 33343.71
H2 O 158.88 9.04 18 2862.30
O2 40.62 2.31 32 1299.91
CO 1.76 0.10 28 49.25
Total 1758.36 100 - 53720.78

5 Menghitung Udara Primer masuk Rotary Kiln

a. Udara Primer dari Fan
V = 9700 m³ = 9700000 liter
P absolut = 1.615 atm
T = 303 K
R = 0.082 Liter.atm/mol K
N = P x V
R x T
= 1.615 atm x 9700000 liter
0.082 Liter.atm/mol K x 303 K
 = 629773.6426 mol = 629.7736425973 kmol
= 18263.44 kg

b. Udara Primer dari Blower

V = 3420 m³ = 3420000 liter
P absolut = 1.615 atm
T = 303 K
R = 0.082 Liter.atm/mol K
N = P x V
R x T
= 1.615 atm x 3420000 liter
0.082 Liter.atm/mol K x 303 K
= 222043.90285 mol = 222.0439028539 kmol
= 6439.27 kg

mol udara primer = 629.77 + 222.04 kmol

= 851.818 kmol

massa udara primer = 18263.44 + 6439.27 kg

= 24702.71 kg/jam

mol udara sekunder = mol udara suplai - mol udara primer

= 1698.07 - 851.82 kmol
= 846.253 kmol

massa udara sekunder = 846.25 kmol x 29 kg/kmol

= 24541.35 kg

6 Menghitung Massa Debu keluar Rotary Kiln

Massa Debu = Massa Input - (Massa Klinker + Gas Buang)
= 204854.055 - 199745.68 kg
= 5108.38 kg

Tabel B.7. Neraca Massa Tanggal 19 Agustus 2019

Massa Input (kg) Output (kg)
Kiln Feed 150000.00 Klinker Out 146024.89
Batubara 5610.00 Gas Buang 53720.78
Udara Primer 24702.71 Debu 5108.38
Udara Sekunder 24541.35
Total 204854.06 204854.06
49244.06
OTARY KILN
ERO) Tbk
al 19 Agustus 2019
 kmol

Mol N2 dari Batubara

B. NERACA MASSA

6 1

2
ROTARY KILN 3
7 4

10 9

Gambar B.2. Blok Diagram Neraca Energi Unit Rotary Kiln

Keterangan:
Input Output
1 = Panas Sensibel Kiln Feed 5 Panas Sensibel Klinker Out
2 = Panas Sensibel Batubara 6 Panas Sensibel Exhaust Gas
3 = Panas Sensibel Udara in 7 Panas Sensibel Debu
4 = Panas Pembakaran batubara 8 Panas Hilang Akibat Radiasi
9 Panas Kalsinasi
10 Panas Pembentukan Klinker

Tabel B.8. Ketetapan Variabel A,B,C Berbagai Material dan Gas

Komponen A B x 10¯⁶ C x 10¯⁹
Kiln Feed 0.206 101 -37
Klinker 0.186 54 0
Batubara 0.262 390 0
Udara 0.237 23 0
(Sumber : FL.Smidth,2009:10)

Cp = A + BxTx10¯⁶ + CxT²x10¯⁹
 Q = m x Cp x ΔT
1 Panas Sensibel Kiln Feed masuk Rotary Kiln
Massa Kiln Feed = 150000.00 kg
T = 856.48 ⁰C
ΔT = 826.48 ⁰C
Cp = A + BxTx10¯⁶ + CxT²x10¯⁹
= 0.206 + 101 x 826.48 x 10¯⁶ -37 x 826.48² x 10¯⁹
= 0.26420092 Kcal/Kg.C
Q1 = m x Cp x ΔT
= 150000.00 kg x 0.2642009 Kcal/Kg.C x ### ⁰C
= 32753516.449 Kcal

2 Panas Sensibel Batubara Masuk Rotary Kiln

Massa Batubara = 5610 kg
T = 62.78 ⁰C
ΔT = 32.78 ⁰C
Cp = A + BxTx10¯⁶ + CxT²x10¯⁹
= 0.202 + 390 x 32.78 x 10¯⁶ + 0 x 32.78² x 10¯⁹
= 0.2747842 Kcal/Kg.C
Q2 = m x Cp x ΔT
= 5610 kg x 0.2747842 Kcal/Kg.C x 32.78 ⁰C
= 50531.66 Kcal

3 Panas Sensibel udara masuk Rotary kiln

Massa Primary Air = 24703 kg
T = 32 ⁰C
ΔT = 2 ⁰C
Cp = A + BxTx10¯⁶ + CxT²x10¯⁹
= 0.237 + 23 x 2 x 10¯⁶ + 0 x 2² x 10¯⁹
= 0.237046 Kcal/Kg.C
Q3a = m x Cp x T
= 24703 kg x 0.237046 Kcal/Kg.C x 2 ⁰C
= 11711.357 Kcal

Massa Secondary Air = 24541 kg

T = 1007.85 ⁰C
ΔT = 977.85 ⁰C
Cp = A + BxTx10¯⁶ + CxT²x10¯⁹
= 0.237 + 23 x 977.85 x 10¯⁶ + 0 x 977.85² x 10¯⁹
 = 0.25949055 Kcal/Kg.C
Q3b = m x Cp x ΔT
= 24541 kg x 0.2594906 Kcal/Kg.C x 977.85 ⁰C
= 6227190.8 Kcal

Massa H2O udara = 689.42 kg

T = 32 ⁰C
ΔT = 2 ⁰C
Cp = A + BxTx10¯⁶ + CxT²x10¯⁹
= 0.44 + 39 x 2 x 10¯⁶ + 0 x 977.85² x 10¯⁹
= 0.440079152 Kcal/Kg.C
Q3c = m x Cp x ΔT
= 689.42 kg x 0.4400792 Kcal/Kg.C x 2 ⁰C
= 606.7959 Kcal

Total Panas Sensibel Udara In

= Q3a + Q3b + Q3c
= ( 11711.357 + 6227190.8 + 606.7959 ) Kcal
= 6239508.9 Kcal

4 Panas Pembakaran Batubara Bahan Bakar Burner

NHV Fine Coal = 4912 Kcal/Kg
Massa Fine Coal = 5610 kg
Q4 = m x NHV
= 5610 kg x 4912 Kcal/Kg
= 27556320 Kcal

5 Panas Sensibel Klinker

Massa H2O udara = 146024.89 kg
T = 1320 ⁰C
ΔT = 1290 ⁰C
Cp = A + BxTx10¯⁶ + CxT²x10¯⁹
= 186 + 39 x 1290 x 10¯⁶ + 0 x 1290² x 10¯⁹
= 0.25566 Kcal/Kg.C
Q5 = m x Cp x ΔT
= 146024.89 kg x 0.25566 Kcal/Kg.C x ### ⁰C
= 48159214.018 Kcal
6Panas Penguapan H 2
O
a. Panas Laten H2O dari Udara dan Pembakaran Batubara
 λ (100 ⁰C = 212 ⁰F) = 9,717 Kcal/Kmol
(Sumber : Hougen, Olaf A. & Kenneth M. Waison
Chemical Processs Principle, hal 274, Tabel 26)
Mol H2O dari udara dan reaksi pembakaran batubara
= 38.269041 kmol + 120.62 kmol
= 158.88 kmol

Q (Laten) = n x λ
= 158.88 kmol x 9,717 Kcal/Kmol
= 1543876.2 Kcal

b. Panas Laten H2O dari Batubara

Q (Laten) = n x λ
= 31.073167 kmol x 9,717 Kcal/Kmol
= 301937.96 Kcal

Panas Penguapan H2O (Q6)

= Qa + Qb
= 1543876.2 Kcal + 301937.96 Kcal
= 1845814.2 Kcal

7 Panas Gas Buang keluar Rotary Kiln

Komposisi Gas Buang keluar Rotary Kiln
CO2 = 365.79 Kmol T = 688 o
K
O2 = 40.62 Kmol Tref = 303 o
K
N2 = 1190.25 Kmol ΔT = 385 o
K
SO2 = 1.05 Kmol
H2 O = 158.88 Kmol
CO = 1.76 Kmol

Tabel B.9. Cp Gas Buang

Gas A B x 10-3 C x 10-6
CO2 6.339 10.14 -3.415
O2 6.117 3.167 -1.005
N2 6.457 1.389 -0.069
SO2 6.945 10.01 -3.794
 H2 O 7.136 2.64 -0.046
CO 6.35 1.811 -0.268
(Sumber : Hougen, Olaf A. & Kenneth M. Waison
Chemical Processs Principle, hal 255)

Satuan Cp adalah Kcal/Kmol.K

a. CO2

Cp = 6.339+ 10.14/2 x 10-3 (688 + 303) + (−3.415)/3 x 10-6 (6882 +

679.303 + 3032)

= 10.483 Kcal/Kmol.K

Q = n x Cp x ΔT
= 365.79 Kmol x 10.483 Kcal/Kmol.x ### oK
= 1476291 Kcal
Dengan mengikuti langkah perhitungan Cp CO2 dan Q CO2 , dapat dicari
Cp dan Q komponen lainnya (H2O, N2. O2, SO2, CO)
Nilai Cp dan Q komponen flue gas dapat dilihat pada tabel B.10

Tabel B.10. Cp dan Q Tiap Komponen Gas Buang

Cp ∆T
Komponen n (kmol) Q(Kcal)
(Kcal/Kmol.K (K)
CO2 365.79 10.48 385 1,476,290.98
H2O 254.44 8.43 385 826,018.92
N2 1190.25 7.13 385 3,267,102.33
O2 40.62 7.43 385 116,163.52
SO2 1.05 10.93 385 4,424.96
CO 1.76 7.18 385 4,859.46
Total 5,694,860.17

Panas Gas Buang (Q7) = Panas gas buang total - Panas laten H2O BB
= 5,694,860.17 Kcal - 301937.9605 Kcal
= 5,392,922.20 Kcal

8 Panas Sensibel Debu (Q8)

Massa H2O udara = 5108.38 kg
 T = 415 ⁰C
ΔT = 385 ⁰C
Cp = 0.22 Kcal/Kg.C

Q8 = m x Cp x ΔT
= 5108.38 kg x 0.22 Kcal/Kg.C x ### ⁰C
= 432679.66409 Kcal

9 Panas Hilang Akibat Radiasi

Panas radiasi pada Kiln dapat dihitung dengan rumus,
Q = σ ɛ A kiln (Ts)4/1000 - (T∞)4/ 1000
Sumber: Ozisik, M.C, dan Yildiz Bayazitoglu, Element of Heat Transfer,
Mc Graw-Hill Book Company, 1998.
Keterangan :
Q = Panas Radiasi (Btu/hr)
σ = Nilai tetapan stefan-Boltzmann (Btu/ft2hroF)
ɛ = Emisivitas steel oxidized pada 11100F (0,79)
A = Luas Permukaan Kiln (ft)
Ts = Temperatur pada dinding kiln (0F)
T∞ = Temperatur Lingkungan (0F)

Diketahui
Diameter Kiln (D) = 4,5 m
3,2808 ft
= 4,5 m x
1m
= 14.7636 ft
Panjang Kiln (l) = 75 m
Panjang Per meter (s) = 6m x 3.28 ft?m
= 19.68 ft
Temperatur Lingkungan = 86 0F
Radiasi Kiln Sepanjang 1 s/d 6 meter
A = 3,14 x D x s
ɛ = 0.79
σ = 1,730 Btu/hr oF
Ts4/1000 =
T∞ /1000 =
4
0.000054701 oF
 Tabel B.11. Perhitungn Panas Radiasi
Ts Ts4/1000 Q (Panas Radiasi)
l (m) s (ft) A (ft2) o
F o
F (Btu) (Kcal)
5 16.404 760.26635 680 0.2138138 222102.16 49972.986
6 3.2808 152.05327 714.2 0.2601833 54056.538 12162.721
7 3.2808 152.05327 669.2 0.2005505 41664.176 9374.4397
8 3.2808 152.05327 582.8 0.1153661 23961.904 5391.4283
9 3.2808 152.05327 660.2 0.1899775 39466.982 8880.071
10 3.2808 152.05327 581 0.1139474 23667.09 5325.0952
11 3.2808 152.05327 604.4 0.1334436 27718.617 6236.6889
12 3.2808 152.05327 482 0.0539744 11204.031 2520.907
13 3.2808 152.05327 588.2 0.1197016 24862.878 5594.1476
14 3.2808 152.05327 514.4 0.0700171 14537.866 3271.0199
15 3.2808 152.05327 496.4 0.0607193 12605.698 2836.2821
16 3.2808 152.05327 388.4 0.0227571 4716.7176 1061.2615
17 3.2808 152.05327 386.6 0.0223382 4629.6576 1041.673
18 3.2808 152.05327 350.6 0.0151094 3127.4433 703.67475
19 3.2808 152.05327 800.6 0.4108302 85362.652 19206.597
20 3.2808 152.05327 800.6 0.4108302 85362.652 19206.597
21 3.2808 152.05327 824 0.4610084 95790.25 21552.806
22 3.2808 152.05327 955.4 0.8331841 173132.52 38954.816
23 3.2808 152.05327 1173.2 1.8944721 393680.07 88578.015
24 3.2808 152.05327 1245.2 2.4041217 499590.96 112407.97
25 3.2808 152.05327 1185.8 1.9771781 410867.29 92445.14
26 3.2808 152.05327 1194.8 2.0378906 423484.02 95283.906
27 3.2808 152.05327 1124.6 1.5995297 332387.74 74787.24
28 3.2808 152.05327 1054.4 1.2360089 256844.03 57789.906
29 3.2808 152.05327 1040 1.1698586 243097.25 54696.882
30 3.2808 152.05327 788 0.3855715 80113.605 18025.561
31 3.2808 152.05327 969.8 0.8845629 183809.62 41357.164
32 3.2808 152.05327 955.4 0.8331841 173132.52 38954.816
33 3.2808 152.05327 930.2 0.7486957 155574.89 35004.351
34 3.2808 152.05327 980.6 0.9246291 192135.82 43230.56
35 3.2808 152.05327 989.6 0.9590445 199287.72 44839.738
36 3.2808 152.05327 1065.2 1.287433 267530.53 60194.37
37 3.2808 152.05327 1047.2 1.2025926 249899.76 56227.445
38 3.2808 152.05327 1059.8 1.2615244 262146.44 58982.95
39 3.2808 152.05327 1059.8 1.2615244 262146.44 58982.95
40 3.2808 152.05327 1065.2 1.287433 267530.53 60194.37
 41 3.2808 152.05327 1054.4 1.2360089 256844.03 57789.906
42 3.2808 152.05327 892.4 0.6342175 131785.05 29651.636
43 3.2808 152.05327 867.2 0.5655579 117516.81 26441.281
44 3.2808 152.05327 1036.4 1.1537444 239748.56 53943.425
45 3.2808 152.05327 1032.8 1.1377973 236434.57 53197.779
46 3.2808 152.05327 1032.8 1.1377973 236434.57 53197.779
47 3.2808 152.05327 1027.4 1.1141874 231528.16 52093.837
48 3.2808 152.05327 1027.4 1.1141874 231528.16 52093.837
49 3.2808 152.05327 885.2 0.6139961 127582.81 28706.132
50 3.2808 152.05327 869 0.5702681 118495.64 26661.52
51 3.2808 152.05327 851 0.5244671 108977.67 24519.977
52 3.2808 152.05327 912.2 0.6924051 143877.08 32372.343
53 3.2808 152.05327 885.2 0.6139961 127582.81 28706.132
54 3.2808 152.05327 816.8 0.4451055 92485.438 20809.223
55 3.2808 152.05327 881.6 0.6040687 125519.78 28241.95
56 3.2808 152.05327 890.6 0.629116 130724.9 29413.103
57 3.2808 152.05327 876.2 0.5894039 122472.27 27556.26
58 3.2808 152.05327 885.2 0.6139961 127582.81 28706.132
59 3.2808 152.05327 870.8 0.5750077 119480.59 26883.132
60 3.2808 152.05327 921.2 0.720138 149640.28 33669.063
61 3.2808 152.05327 969.8 0.8845629 183809.62 41357.164
62 3.2808 152.05327 973.4 0.8977706 186554.32 41974.722
63 3.2808 152.05327 978.8 0.9178587 190728.86 42913.994
64 3.2808 152.05327 989.6 0.9590445 199287.72 44839.738
65 3.2808 152.05327 982.4 0.9314368 193550.55 43548.874
66 3.2808 152.05327 991.4 0.9660412 200741.73 45166.888
67 3.2808 152.05327 996.8 0.9872613 205151.5 46159.087
68 3.2808 152.05327 1009.4 1.0381335 215723.31 48537.744
69 3.2808 152.05327 1000.4 1.001601 208131.44 46829.574
70 3.2808 152.05327 1009.4 1.0381335 215723.31 48537.744
71 3.2808 152.05327 1043.6 1.1861409 246480.91 55458.204
72 3.2808 152.05327 959 0.8458131 175756.98 39545.321
73 3.2808 152.05327 982.4 0.9314368 193550.55 43548.874
74 3.2808 152.05327 1032.8 1.1377973 236434.57 53197.779
75 3.2808 152.05327 1005.8 1.0234026 212662.07 47848.965
Total Panas Radiasi (Q9) 2709396

10 Panas
Kalsinasi
a. Panas CaCO3
 CaCO3 CaO + O2
88.72369762 Kmol 88.72369762 Kmol 88.72369762 Kmol

Entalpi Pembentukan :
∆Hf CaCO3 = -288,459 kcal/mol
∆Hf CaO = -151,900 kcal/mol
∆Hf CO2 = -94,051.80 kcal/mol
(Sumber : Hougen, 1954:397)
∆Hf 0 = (∆Hf Produk - ∆Hf Reaktan) x mol CaCO3
= (-151.900+(-94.051,80)-(-288.459)) Kcal/ x
88.72369762 Kmol
= 3771395.9595 Kcal

b. Panas MgCO3
MgCO3 MgO + CO2
1.60 Kmol 1.60 Kmol 1.60 Kmol

Entalpi Pembentukan :
∆Hf MgCO3 = -266,000 kcal/mol
∆Hf MgO = -143,840 kcal/mol
∆Hf CO2 = -94,051.80 kcal/mol
(Sumber : Hougen, 1954:397)

∆Hf 0 = (∆Hf Produk - ∆Hf Reaktan) x mol CaCO3

= (-143.840+(-94.051,80)-(-266.000)) Kcal/ x
1.60 Kmol
= 45,006.19 Kcal

Q Reaksi Kalsinasi (Q10) = Panas CaCO3 + Panas MgCO3

= 3,771,395.96 Kcal + 45,006.19 Kcal
= 3,816,402.15 Kcal

11 Panas Pembentukan Klinker (Q11)

Q11 = Total Panas Masuk - Total Panas Keluar
= 68445691.233583 Kcal - 60510613.70 Kcal
= 7935077.54 Kcal
 Tabel B.13 Neraca Panas Rotary Kiln Tanggal 26 Agustus 2019
Input Output
Komponen
Kcal (%) Kcal (%)
Panas Sensibel Kiln Feed (Q1) 32,753,516.4 47.853 - -
Panas Sensibel batubara (Q2) 50531.660286 0.0738 - -
Panas Sensibel Udara In (Q3) 6,239,508.94 9.116 - -
Panas Pembakaran Batubara (Q4) 27,556,320.0 40.26 - -
Panas Penguapan H2O (Q6) 1845814.1864 2.6968 - -
Panas Sensibel Klinker (Q5) - - 48159214.018 70.361
Panas Sensibel Gas Buang (Q7) - - 5392922.20 7.8791
Panas Sensibel Debu (Q8) - - 432679.66409 0.6322
Panas Hilang Akibat Radiasi (Q9) - - 2709396 3.9585
Panas Kalsinasi (Q10) - - 3816402 5.5758
Panas Pembentukan Klinker (Q11) - - 7935077.54 11.593
Total 68445691.234 100 68445691.234 100

Spesific Fuel Consumption (SFC) = Total Panas Masuk

Jumlah Klinker
= 68445691.2 kcal
150000 kg
= 456.30 kcal/kg
(Sumber: Buku Panduan PT. Semen Baturaja, 2008)
Unit Rotary Kiln
 Tanggal Pengambilan Data : 19 Agustus 2019 - 23 Agustus 2019
Pukul : 14.00 WIB
Lokasi Pengambilan Data : Central Control Room (CCR) PTSB

Kiln Feed Hari Ke-

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Mass Flow (ton/jam) 150 274.17 281.3 253.9 252 251.91 257.91 260.11 260.5 260
Temperatur (oC) 856.48 857.8 848.6 841.3 860.4 872.97 874.29 848.57 853.9 899
Kiln Product (klinker) Hari Ke-
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Mass Flow (ton/jam) 118.24 158.48 162.6 146.8 145.7 145.61 149.08 150.35 150.6 150
Temperatur (oC) 1320 1325 1280 1295 1320
Fine Coal di Kiln Hari Ke-
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Mass Flow (ton/jam) 5.61 9.11 9.21 8.96 8.96 9.11 9.11 8.4 8.81 9.1
Temperatur (oC) 62.78 63 63.15 58.66 60.66 60.51 60.51 60.44 60.44 60.66
NHV 4912 4943 4891 4870 4874 4868 4872 2866 4891 4895
Udara Primary (Fan) Hari Ke-
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Volumetrik Flow (m³/jam) 9700 9700 9700 9700 9700 9700 9700 9700 9700 9700
Temperatur (oC) 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32
Tekanan (atm) 0.6146 0.6242 0.611 0.62 0.612 0.60613 0.6141 0.6158 0.616 0.61
Udara Transport BB (Blower) Hari Ke-
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Volumetrik Flow (m³/jam) 3420 3420 3420 3420 3420 3420 3420 3420 3420 3420
Temperatur (oC) 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80
Tekanan (atm) 0.6146 0.6242 0.611 0.62 0.612 0.60613 0.6141 0.6158 0.616 0.61
Udara Secondary (Grate Cooler) Hari Ke-
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Temperatur (oC) 1008 984.31 926.4 964.1 961.3 956.37 994.67 1000 971.9 990
Data ID Fan % O2 Excess Hari Ke-
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
String A (Ke Kiln) (%) 5.0% 2.7% 3.4% 1.2% 2.5% 2.6% 2.4% 2.5% 2.2% 2.0%
String B (Ke Preheater) (% 5.0% 3.9% 4.0% 4.3% 4.2% 4.0% 3.9% 4.4% 4.5% 3.9%
Exchaust Gas Hari Ke-
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Temperatur (oC) 415 388.77 380.5 387.8 377.1 388.28 386.81 385.35 388.3 391
Data Lain Hari Ke-
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
% Calciner 90% 90% 90% 90% 90% 90% 90% 90% 90% 90%
Temperatur Debu (oC) 184.86 185.59 161.2 153.9 198.5 152.14 155.56 146.03 160.9 157
Relative Humidity 68% 68% 68% 68% 68% 68% 68% 68% 68% 68%

Tanggal Pengambilan Data : 19 Agustus 2019 - 23 Agustus 2019

Pukul : 14.00 WIB
Lokasi Pengambilan Data : Central Control Room (CCR) PTSB

Tabel 1. Komposisis Kiln Feed

Komposisi Hari Ke-
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
SiO2 21.5
Al2O3 6.72
Fe2O3 4.28
CaO 59.8
MgO 0.58
K2O 0.56
SO3 0.53
CaCO3 Sisa 5.92
MgCO3 Sisa 0.09
Total 99.98

Tabel 2. Komposisi Klinker Massa Klinker

Komposisi Hari Ke-
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
CaO 65.84 65.86 65.91 65.55 65.95 65.75 65.46 66.08 66.95 65.88
MgO 1.47 1.38 1.36 1.4 1.44 1.41 1.3 1.4 1.43 1.31
SiO2 21.3 21.49 21.49 21.69 21.64 21.48 21.4 21.5 21.62 21.27
Al2O3 5.66 5.5 5.5 5.76 5.84 5.92 5.56 5.52 5.57 5.31
Fe2O3 3.43 3.56 3.56 3.48 3.46 3.45 3.52 3.32 3.39 3.39
K2O 0.5 0.48 0.48 0.53 0.48 0.51 0.49 0.48 0.48 0.51
SO3 0.72 0.76 0.76 0.79 0.71 0.8 0.83 0.98 0.84 0.99
Total 98.92 99.03 99.06 99.2 99.52 99.32 98.56 99.28 100.28 98.66

Penyuplai coal : PT. Bukit Asam

Jenis Coal : Bituminus
Tabel 5. Komposisi Fine Coal
Komposisi %Massa massa (kg)
C 59.3 3326.73
H₂ 4.3 241.23
O₂ 12.9 723.69
N₂ 0.8 44.88
S 0.6 33.66
H₂O 9.97 559.317
 Ash 12.13 680.493
Total 100 5610
Komposisi Ash Fine Coal
Komposisi %Weight massa
CaO 33.97 231.16
MgO 1.91 13.00
SiO2 38.84 264.30 J87
Al2O3 12.41 84.45
Fe2O3 7.57 51.51
K2O 4.38 29.81
SO3 0.92 6.26
Total 100 680.49

Berat Molekul (BM)

Komposisi %Weight
CaCO₃ 100.086
MgCO₃ 84.313
CaO 56.077
MgO 40.304
SiO2 60.084
Al2O3 101.961
Fe2O3 159.863
K2O 94.195
SO₃ 80.063
CO 28.01
H₂ 2.016
O₂ 31.998
N₂ 28.014
SO₂ 64.064
H₂O 18.015
SO₂ 64.064
CO₂ 44.009
Sumber : Hougen, Appendix xv