INPUT- OUTPUT COST FUNCTION

2500

2000

1500
$/H

1000

500

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
MW

F1(P1) F2(P2) F3(P3)

 incremental cost charactristic
30

25

20
incremental (cost $/ MMh)

15

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
MW

unit 1 unit 2 unit3

C) for unit 1 and unit 2 :-

F2 = f1 (D-P2) + f2 (P2)

$
Fuel cost for all unit = 1.5 𝑀𝐵𝑡𝑢

P1=P2=P3 F1 F2 F3
0 ∞ ∞ ∞
20 374.4 384 370
40 657.6 636 750
60 969.6 985.9815 1194.99
80 1374.6 1435.9665 1674.99
100 1869.6 1985.9475 2274.99
D=40MW

𝑃1 = 20 , 𝐹1 = 374.4
i. | 𝐹2 = 758.4●
𝑃2 = 20 , 𝐹2 = 384

D=60MW

𝑃1 = 40 , 𝐹1 = 657.6
i. | 𝐹2 = 1041.6
𝑃2 = 20 , 𝐹2 = 384

𝑃1 = 20 , 𝐹1 = 374.4
ii. | 𝐹2 = 1010.4 ●
𝑃2 = 40 , 𝐹2 = 636

D=80MW

𝑃1 = 60 , 𝐹1 = 969.6
i. | 𝐹2 = 1353.6
𝑃2 = 20 , 𝐹2 = 384

𝑃1 = 40 , 𝐹1 = 657.6
ii. | 𝐹2 = 1293.6●
𝑃2 = 40 , 𝐹2 = 636
 𝑃1 = 20 , 𝐹1 = 374.4
iii. | 𝐹2 = 1360.3815
𝑃2 = 60 , 𝐹2 = 985.9815

D=100MW

𝑃1 = 80 , 𝐹1 = 1374.6
i. | 𝐹2 = 1758.6
𝑃2 = 20 , 𝐹2 = 384

𝑃1 = 60 , 𝐹1 = 969.6
ii. | 𝐹2 = 1605.6●
𝑃2 = 40 , 𝐹2 = 636

𝑃1 = 40 , 𝐹1 = 657.6
iii. | 𝐹2 = 1643.5815
𝑃2 = 60 , 𝐹2 = 985.9815

𝑃1 = 20 , 𝐹1 = 374.4
iv. | 𝐹2 = 1810.3665
𝑃2 = 80 , 𝐹2 = 1435.9665

D=120MW

𝑃1 = 100 , 𝐹1 = 1869.6
i. | 𝐹2 = 2253.6
𝑃2 = 20 , 𝐹2 = 384

𝑃1 = 80 , 𝐹1 = 1374.6
ii. | 𝐹2 = 2010.6
𝑃2 = 40 , 𝐹2 = 636

𝑃1 = 60 , 𝐹1 = 969.6
iii. | 𝐹2 = 1955.5815●
𝑃2 = 60 , 𝐹2 = 985.9815

𝑃1 = 40 , 𝐹1 = 657.6
iv. | 𝐹2 = 2093.5665
𝑃2 = 80 , 𝐹2 = 1435.9665

𝑃1 = 20 , 𝐹1 = 374.4
v. | 𝐹2 = 2360.3475
𝑃2 = 100 , 𝐹2 = 1985.9475
D=140MW

𝑃1 = 100 , 𝐹1 = 1869.6
i. | 𝐹2 = 2505.6
𝑃2 = 40 , 𝐹2 = 636

𝑃1 = 80 , 𝐹1 = 1374.6
ii. | 𝐹2 = 2360.5815●
𝑃2 = 60 , 𝐹2 = 985.9815

𝑃1 = 60 , 𝐹1 = 969.6
iii. | 𝐹2 = 2405.5665
𝑃2 = 80 , 𝐹2 = 1435.9665

𝑃1 = 40 , 𝐹1 = 657.6
iv. | 𝐹2 = 2643.5475
𝑃2 = 100 , 𝐹2 = 1985.9475

D=160MW

𝑃1 = 100 , 𝐹1 = 1869.6
i. | 𝐹2 = 2855.5815
𝑃2 = 60 , 𝐹2 = 985.9815

𝑃1 = 80 , 𝐹1 = 1374.6
ii. | 𝐹2 = 2810.5665●
𝑃2 = 80 , 𝐹2 = 1435.9665

𝑃1 = 60 , 𝐹1 = 969.6
iii. | 𝐹2 = 2955.5475
𝑃2 = 100 , 𝐹2 = 1985.9475

D=180MW

𝑃1 = 100 , 𝐹1 = 1869.6
i. | 𝐹2 = 3305.5665●
𝑃2 = 80 , 𝐹2 = 1435.9665

𝑃1 = 80 , 𝐹1 = 1374.6
ii. | 𝐹2 = 3360.5475
𝑃2 = 100 , 𝐹2 = 1985.9475
D=200MW

𝑃1 = 100 , 𝐹1 = 1869.6
i. | 𝐹2 = 3855.5475●
𝑃2 = 100 , 𝐹2 = 1985.9475

D (MW) P1(MW) P2 𝐹2
40 20 20 758.4
60 40 20 1010.4
80 40 40 1293.6
100 40 60 1605.6
120 60 60 1955.5815
140 60 80 2360.5815
160 80 80 2810.5665
180 80 100 3305.5665
200 100 100 3855.5475
For this value above, unit 1 and unit 2 share the demand at optimum economic dispatch
operation according use DP method

Now unit 3 will share in supplying the demand

D = 100 MW ( P2 ,P3 )

𝑃2 = 80 , 𝐹2 = 1293.6
i. | 𝐹3 = 1663.6●
𝑃3 = 20 , 𝐹3 = 370
𝑃2 = 60 , 𝐹2 = 1010.4
ii. | 𝐹3 = 1760.4
𝑃3 = 40 , 𝐹3 = 750

𝑃2 = 40 , 𝐹2 = 758.4
iii. | 𝐹3 = 1953.39
𝑃3 = 60 , 𝐹3 = 1194.99

D = 140 MW
 𝑃2 = 120 , 𝐹2 = 1955.5815
i. | 𝐹3 = 2325.5815●
𝑃3 = 20 , 𝐹3 = 370
𝑃2 = 100 , 𝐹2 = 1605
ii. | 𝐹3 = 2325.5815
𝑃3 = 40 , 𝐹3 = 750

𝑃2 = 80 , 𝐹2 = 1293.6
iii. | 𝐹3 = 2488.59
𝑃3 = 60 , 𝐹3 = 1194.99

𝑃2 = 60 , 𝐹2 = 1010.4
iv. | 𝐹3 = 2685.39
𝑃3 = 80 , 𝐹3 = 1674.99

𝑃2 = 40 , 𝐹2 = 758.4
v. | 𝐹3 = 3033.39
𝑃3 = 100 , 𝐹3 = 2274.99

D = 180 MW

𝑃2 = 160 , 𝐹2 = 2810.5665
i. | 𝐹3 = 3180.5665
𝑃3 = 20 , 𝐹3 = 370

𝑃2 = 140 , 𝐹2 = 2360.5815
ii. | 𝐹3 = 3110.5815●
𝑃3 = 40 , 𝐹3 = 750

𝑃2 = 120 , 𝐹2 = 1955.5815
iii. | 𝐹3 = 3150.5715
𝑃3 = 60 , 𝐹3 = 1194.99

𝑃2 = 100 , 𝐹2 = 1605.6
iv. | 𝐹3 = 3280.59
𝑃3 = 80 , 𝐹3 = 1674.99

𝑃2 = 80 , 𝐹2 = 1293.6
v. | 𝐹3 = 3568.59
𝑃3 = 100 , 𝐹3 = 2274.99

D = 220 MW

𝑃2 = 200 , 𝐹2 = 3855.5475
i. | 𝐹3 = 4225.5475
𝑃3 = 20 , 𝐹3 = 370
 𝑃2 = 180 , 𝐹2 = 3305.5665
ii. | 𝐹3 = 4055.5665
𝑃3 = 40 , 𝐹3 = 750

𝑃2 = 160 , 𝐹2 = 2810.5665
iii. | 𝐹3 = 4005.5565●
𝑃3 = 60 , 𝐹3 = 1194.99
𝑃2 = 140 , 𝐹2 = 2360.5815
iv. | 𝐹3 = 4035.5715
𝑃3 = 80 , 𝐹3 = 1674.99

𝑃2 = 120 , 𝐹2 = 1955.5815
v. | 𝐹3 = 4230.5715
𝑃3 = 100 , 𝐹3 = 2274.99

D = 260 MW

𝑃2 = 200 , 𝐹2 = 3855.5475
i. | 𝐹3 = 5050.5375
𝑃3 = 60 , 𝐹3 = 1194.99

𝑃2 = 180 , 𝐹2 = 3305.5665
ii. | 𝐹3 = 4980.5565*
𝑃3 = 80 , 𝐹3 = 1674.99

𝑃2 = 160 , 𝐹2 = 2810.5665
iii. | 𝐹3 = 5085.5565
𝑃3 = 100 , 𝐹3 = 2274.99

Now :-

For D = 100 MW

P1 = 40 MW , P2 = 40 MW , P3 = 20 MW

∴ F1 = 657.6 , F2 = 636 , F3 = 370

$
∴ Σ 𝐹1 + 𝐹2 + 𝐹3 = 657.6 + 636 + 370 = 1663.6
ℎ

For D = 140 MW

P1 = 60 MW , P2 = 60 MW , P3 = 20 MW
∴ F1 = 969.6 , F2 = 985.9815 , F3 = 370

$
∴ Σ 𝐹1 + 𝐹2 + 𝐹3 =969.6 + 985.9815 + 370 = 2325.5815 ℎ

For D = 180 MW

P1 = 80 MW , P2 = 60 MW , P3 = 40 MW

∴ F1 = 1374.6 , F2 = 985.9815 , F3 = 750

$
∴ Σ 𝐹1 + 𝐹2 + 𝐹3 =1374.6 + 985.9815 + 750 = 3110.5815 ℎ

For D = 220 MW

P1 = 80 MW , P2 = 80 MW , P3 = 60 MW

∴ F1 = 1374.6 , F2 = 1435.9665 , F3 = 1194.99

$
∴ Σ 𝐹1 + 𝐹2 + 𝐹3 =1374.6 + 1435.9665 + 1194.99 = 4005.5565 ℎ

For D = 260 MW

P1 = 100 MW , P2 = 80 MW , P3 = 80 MW

∴ F1 = 1869.6 , F2 = 1435.9665 , F3 = 1674.99

$
∴ Σ 𝐹1 + 𝐹2 + 𝐹3 = 1869.6 + 1435.9665 + 1674.99= 4980.5565 ℎ

D)
YES, by using Lagrange method:-

As we see from the solution by using D.P that for D = 100 MW unit one operate at P1 = 40 MW
& unit 2 , P2 = 40 , P3 = 20 MW for that the Heat rate curve for each unit will be:-

unit 1 :- 𝐻1 (𝑃1 ) = 80 + 8𝑃1 + 0.024𝑃12 20 𝑀𝑊 ≤ 𝑃1 ≤ 60 𝑀𝑊

unit 2 :- 𝐻2 (𝑃2 ) = 120 + 6𝑃2 + 0.04𝑃22 20 𝑀𝑊 ≤ 𝑃2 ≤ 40 𝑀𝑊

unit 3 :- 𝐻3 (𝑃3 ) = 100 + 4.6666𝑃3 + 0.13333𝑃32 20 𝑀𝑊 ≤ 𝑃3 ≤ 50 𝑀𝑊

$
Fuel cost = 1.5 𝑀𝐵𝑡𝑢

$
∴ 𝐹1 (𝑃1 ) = 120 + 12𝑃1 + 0.036𝑃12
ℎ

$
∴ 𝐹2 (𝑃2 ) = 180 + 9𝑃2 + 0.06𝑃22
ℎ

$
∴ 𝐹3 (𝑃3 ) = 150 + 6.9999𝑃3 + 0.199995𝑃32
ℎ

The incremental cost for each unit :-

𝜕𝐹1 $
= 12 + 0.072𝑃1 = 𝜆 − − − − − − − −(1)
𝜕𝑃1 𝑀𝑊ℎ

𝜕𝐹2 $
= 9+ 0.12𝑃2 = 𝜆 − − − − − − − −(2)
𝜕𝑃2 𝑀𝑊ℎ

𝜕𝐹3 $
= 6.9999+ 0.39999𝑃3 = 𝜆 − − − − − − − −(3)
𝜕𝑃3 𝑀𝑊ℎ

P1 + P2 + P3 = 100 MW− − − − − − − − (4)

∴ 12 + 0.072 P1 = 9 + 0.12 P2 ………. P2 = 25 + 0.6 P1

12 + 0.07 P1 = 6.9999 + 0.39999 P3 ……… P3 = 12.50056 + 0.1800045 P1

∴ P1 + 25 + 0.6 P1 + 12.50056 + 0.1800045 P1 = 100 MW

P1 = 35.111956 MW

P3 = 12.50056 + 0.1800045 × 35.111956 = 18.82 MW

P2 = 25 + 0.6 × 35.111956 = 46.067

We see that P3 not within the limit then we will change its Heat rate curve and take the second
one:-

𝐻2 (𝑃2 ) = 157.335 + 3.3333𝑃2 + 0.08333𝑃22

∴ 𝐹2 (𝑃2 ) = 236.0025 + 4.99995𝑃2 + 0.124995𝑃22

𝜕𝐹1
= 12 + 0.072𝑃1 = 𝜆
𝜕𝑃1

𝜕𝐹2
= 4.99995+ 0.24999𝑃2 = 𝜆
𝜕𝑃2

𝜕𝐹3
= 6.9999+ 0.39999𝑃3 = 𝜆
𝜕𝑃3

∴P1 + P2 + P3 = 100 MW

∴ 12 + 0.072𝑃1 = 4.99995+ 0.24999𝑃2 … … … . 𝑃2 = 28.00132005 + 0.2880115205𝑃1

12 + 0.072𝑃1 = 6.9999+ 0.39999𝑃3 … … … … 𝑃3 = 12.50056251 + 0.1800045𝑃1

∴ 𝑃1 + 28.00132005 + 0.2880115𝑃1 + 12.50056251 + 0.1800045001𝑃1 = 100

∴ 𝑃1 = 40.5296 MW ≠ 20 MW

𝑃2 = 28.00132005 + 0.2880115 × 40.5296 = 39.674 𝑀𝑊

𝑃3 = 12.50056251 + 0.1800045𝑃1 = 19.796 𝑀𝑊

∴P1 + P2 + P3 = 99.999 MW ≈ 100 MW

$
∴ 𝜆 = 12 + 0.72 × 40.5296 = 14.9181 𝑀𝑊ℎ