PETR 3134 Codes and

Specifications in the Petroleum

Industry
Measurements and systems of
units
 Measurement
• A measured or counted quantity has a numerical
value and a unit. It is essential to write both in
engineering calculations.
• A dimension is a property that can be measured
such as mass length, mass, temperature, ..etc or
calculated by multiplying or dividing other
dimensions such as length/time (velocity).
• All measurement is comparison to a standard. Most
often that standard is an excepted standard such as
a foot of length, liter of volume or gram of mass. For
international systems (SI) units we use meter (m) for
length, second (sec) for time, Kilograms (Kg) for
mass. Note weight is (mass*g) g: is gravitational
acceleration = 9.81 m/sec2.
• The numerical values of two quantities may be
added or subtracted only if the units are the
same (3.0 cm – 2.5 cm)
• On the other hand the numerical values and
their corresponding units may always be
combined by multiplication and division
• (3 N*4 m = 12 N.m)
• We generally work with two systems of
measurement, English and metric. The metric
system is used more frequently in science
although the English system can be used.
 Measurement
• Basic metric units are systematically subdivided
using a series of prefixes. Each prefix multiplies the
basic unit by a specific value. For example the
prefix “centi” multiplies by 0.01 (one hundredth –
100 cents in a dollar), “deci” multiplies by 0.10.
• The prefix or multiplier may be applied to any basic
measurement, grams, liters or meters and others
yet to be discussed. The prefix may subdivide the
unit or enlarge it. For example, “milli” divides the
unit into a 1000 parts (0.001 or one thousandth)
while “kilo” multiplies the unit by 1000 (a thousand
times).
 UNIT CONVERSIONS
• Quantities can be converted from one type of unit
to another. This conversion may occur within the
same system (metric or English) or between
systems (metric to English or English to metric).
• Conversions cannot be made between measures
of different properties, that is, mass units to
length units for example.
• A method of unit conversion commonly used is
called Dimensional Analysis or Unit Analysis. In
this procedure, units are used to decide when to
multiply or divide in order to obtain the correct
answer.
 BASE UNITS
Quantity Unit Symbol
Length Meter(SI) m
Centimeter cm
Mass Kilogram (SI) kg
Gram g
Moles Gram-mole mol or g-mol

Time Second s

Temperature Kelvin K

Electric Current Ampere A

Light Intensity Candela cd

 Multiple Units

• Tera (T) = 1012

• Giga (G) = 109
• Mega (M) = 10 6
• Kilo (k) = 103
• Centi (c) = 10-2
• Milli (m) = 10-3
• Micro (μ) = 10-6
• Nano (n) =10-9
 CONVERSION OF UNITS

• Conversion factors
1 cm 10 mm
10 mm 1 cm

• Convert 36 mg to grams.
 Designators for pipe size
• The U.S. designator is NPS (in). It has a rather easy
interpretation as nominal pipe size
• The alternate or metric designator is DN (mm), which
also has an easy translation to diameter nominale or
nominal diameter
• The issue of how to define pressure ratings has a less
clear-cut answer, but it appears that there is a slight
but growing preference for a class type designation
with its implied disconnect from a specific pressure
• The U.S. method employs its designator as the word
class followed by some identifying number (say, 150,
3000, 3M, etc.). The alternate or metric practice has
been to designate PN (for pressure nominale)
NPS versus DN
• Pipes are identified by "nominal" or "trade"
names that are loosely related to the actual
dimensions. For instance, a 2-inch galvanized
steel pipe has an inside diameter of about
2 1/8 inches and an outside diameter of
about 2 5/8 inches. In general:
1. For NPS ⅛ to 12 inches, the NPS and OD
values are different. For example, the OD of an
NPS 12 pipe is actually 12.75 inches.
2. For NPS 14 inches and up, the NPS and OD
values are equal. In other words, an NPS 14
pipe is actually 14 inches OD. To find the
actual OD for each NPS value, refer to the
tables below. (Note that for tubing, the size is
always the actual OD.)
 Wall thickness
[in (mm)]
DN OD
NPS SCH SCH
[in (mm)] SCH
SCH 5 SCH 30 40s/40 80s/80 SCH 120 SCH 160 XXS
10s/10
/STD /XS
0.405 0.035 0.049 0.057 0.068 0.095
⅛ 6 — — —
(10.29) (0.889) (1.245) (1.448) (1.727) (2.413)
0.540 0.049 0.065 0.073 0.088 0.119
¼ 8 — — —
(13.72) (1.245) (1.651) (1.854) (2.235) (3.023)
0.675 0.049 0.065 0.073 0.091 0.126
⅜ 10 — — —
(17.15) (1.245) (1.651) (1.854) (2.311) (3.200)
0.840 0.065 0.083 0.095 0.109 0.147 0.188 0.294
½ 15 —
(21.34) (1.651) (2.108) (2.413) (2.769) (3.734) (4.775) (7.468)
1.050 0.065 0.083 0.095 0.113 0.154 0.219 0.308
¾ 20 —
(26.67) (1.651) (2.108) (2.413) (2.870) (3.912) (5.563) (7.823)
1.315 0.065 0.109 0.114 0.133 0.179 0.250 0.358
1 25 —
(33.40) (1.651) (2.769) (2.896) (3.378) (4.547) (6.350) (9.093)
1.660 0.065 0.109 0.117 0.140 0.191 0.250 0.382
1¼ 32 —
(42.16) (1.651) (2.769) (2.972) (3.556) (4.851) (6.350) (9.703)
1.900 0.065 0.109 0.125 0.145 0.200 0.281 0.400
1½ 40 —
(48.26) (1.651) (2.769) (3.175) (3.683) (5.080) (7.137) (10.160)
2.375 0.065 0.109 0.125 0.154 0.218 0.250 0.343 0.436
2 50
(60.33) (1.651) (2.769) (3.175) (3.912) (5.537) (6.350) (8.712) (11.074)
2.875 0.083 0.120 0.188 0.203 0.276 0.300 0.375 0.552
2½ 65
(73.02) (2.108) (3.048) (4.775) (5.156) (7.010) (7.620) (9.525) (14.021)
3.500 0.083 0.120 0.188 0.216 0.300 0.350 0.438 0.600
3 80
(88.90) (2.108) (3.048) (4.775) (5.486) (7.620) (8.890) (11.125) (15.240)
4.000 0.083 0.120 0.188 0.226 0.318 0.636
3½ 90 — —
(101.60) (2.108) (3.048) (4.775) (5.740) (8.077) (16.154)
 Wall thickness
[in (mm)]
OD
NPS DN
[in (mm)]
SCH
SCH 5s SCH 5 SCH richs SCH 10 SCH 20 SCH 30
40s/STD

10.75 0.134 0.134 0.165 0.165 0.250 0.307 0.365

10 250
(273.05) (3.404) (3.404) (4.191) (4.191) (6.350) (7.798) (9.271)

12.75 0.156 0.165 0.180 0.180 0.250 0.330 0.375

12 300
(323.85) (3.962) (4.191) (4.572) (4.572) (6.350) (8.382) (9.525)

14.00 0.156 0.156 0.188 0.250 0.312 0.375 0.375

14 350
(355.60) (3.962) (3.962) (4.775) (6.350) (7.925) (9.525) (9.525)

16.00 0.165 0.165 0.188 0.250 0.312 0.375 0.375

16 400
(406.40) (4.191) (4.191) (4.775) (6.350) (7.925) (9.525) (9.525)

18.00 0.165 0.165 0.188 0.250 0.312 0.437 0.375

18 450
(457.20) (4.191) (4.191) (4.775) (6.350) (7.925) (11.100) (9.525)

20.00 0.188 0.188 0.218 0.250 0.375 0.500 0.375

20 500
(508.00) (4.775) (4.775) (5.537) (6.350) (9.525) (12.700) (9.525)

24.00 0.218 0.218 0.250 0.250 0.375 0.562 0.375

24 600
(609.60) (5.537) (5.537) (6.350) (6.350) (9.525) (14.275) (9.525)
• For all pipe sizes the outside diameter (O.D.) remains
relatively constant. The variations in wall thickness
affects only the inside diameter (I.D.).
• A schedule number indicates the approximate value of
P = service pressure (psi)
S = allowable stress (psi)
As follows
Sch. = 1000 P/S

• The higher the schedule number is, the thicker the pipe
is. Since the outside diameter of each pipe size is
standardized, a particular nominal pipe size will have
different inside pipe diameter depending on the
schedule specified.