Acids and Bases

Arrhenius Definition of Acids and Bases Equivalent weight – mass in grams that will produce 1 mole of H+ or OH-
Acid – substance that yields H+ ions when dissolved in water ions.
 Strong acid– completely ionizes to form H+ formula weight in grams
Ex. HCl, HBr, HI, HClO4, HNO3, H2SO4 equivalent weight =
no.of H + or OH- transferred
 Weak acid – partially ionizes to form H+
Ex. HC2H3O2 Equivalent – amount of an acid or base that furnishes one mole of H+ or
Base – substance that yields OH- ions when dissolved in water OH- ions in a given reaction.
 Strong base – completely ionizes to form OH- massin grams
no.of equivalents =
Ex. IA and IIA hydroxides (NaOH, Ba(OH)2) equivalent weight
 Weak base – partially ionizes to form OH-  (no.of H+ or OH- transferred) x no. of moles
Ex. NH3
Brønsted-Lowry Definition of Acids and Bases Normal Concentration (N)
Acid – proton (H+) donor no.of equivalentssolute
Normality (N) =
Base – proton (H+) acceptor liters of solution
Lewis Definition of Acids and Bases
= (no.of H+ or OH- transferred) x Molarity
Acid – electron pair acceptor
Base – electron pair donor
Titration is a process where the amount of solution needed to complete
The pH of a solution is a measure of the acidity of a solution. a reaction is measured accurately into another solution.
At the end point:
meq acid = meq base
14.00 mLA x NA = mLB x NB
basic pH = -log H + 
Exercises
pH 7.00 neutral pOH = -log OH -  1. A 24.3 mL solution of HCl is neutralized by 37.2 mL of 1.25 M
pH + pOH = 14 KOH. Calculate the molar concentration of the acid.
acidic
2. Calculate the equivalent weight of phosphoric acid in the
1.00 reaction H3PO4 + 2 NaOH  Na2HPO4 + 2 H2O.
3. Calculate the normality of a 42.3 mL NaOH solution if it
Exercise. Calculate the pH of the ff. solutions. neutralizes 38.7 mL of 1.25 N H2SO4
a. 0.010 M HCl 4. Calculate the volume of 2.25 N NaOH needed to completely
b. 0.010 M NaOH react with 3.23 g of sodium hydrogen carbonate
5. Calculate the equivalent weight of the base: 26.3 mL of 0.825
Normality N H2SO4 reacts with 1.04 g of base.