ELECTRIC POWER UNIVERSITY

AUTOMATION TECHNOLOGY FACULTY

Long assignment report

Problem: Design a PI-like fuzzy logic controler for a power system stabilizer of a power
system.

Tutor: Nguyễn Ngọc Khoát

Class: D10_CNTD_CLC

Group 14: Nguyễn Hoàng Minh

Nguyễn Đức Trung

Abstract

Today, proportional controllers, referred to as PI (Proportional-Integral controllers are

widely used in process control. Because of the ability to control the effect, simple structure
and wide application range. In control theory, there are many methods to calibrate
parameters of PI controllers, most commonly Ziegler-Nichols method. However, for some
systems, modifying the PI controller by this method requires a rather laborious experimental
process. Normally, the parameters of the controller are determined by the Ziegler-Nichols
method based on the measured results from the system response. However, due to the
influence of the noise and the error of the measurement, it is difficult to achieve good value
of the PI controller. Therefore, a tweaking process is performed before applying the
controller to the system. In principle, two types of PI controllers have been studied and
deployed. That is, fine tune in the operation of the system (referred to as online tune-up) and
tweak the system shutdown or only for the system operating a certain time (referred to as
off- line). In it, applying genetic algorithms is seen as an effective way to tweak off-line
controllers. However, it is very time-consuming to find the optimal values of the controller
parameters in their specific domain, as well as the mathematical model of the object. In
today's industrial development trend, device processes require automatic adjustment in a
wide range of operations, along with the design and construction of simple controllers. Fine-
tuning the PI controller with intelligent algorithms is one of many ways to achieve this.
Among intelligent control techniques, fuzzy logic emerged as a way of expressing the
human brain's inference, and it has been successfully applied in many fields with the role of
an observer. . The fuzzy inference mechanism is considered a simple and effective method
for refining classic controllers. This report describes the method of adjusting the PI
controller's parameters online around the classic values obtained from the Ziegler-Nichols
method, using fuzzy logic. The parameters of the PI controller are determined by the fuzzy
controller, based on the current operating condition of a power system stabilizer (PSS) of
power system.

Chapter 1: Overview of PI-like FLC

Fig 1: general model of PI-like FLC

1.1) PI controller

The PI controller is describe as:

1
Y (t )  K p e(t )  Ki  e(t )dt
0 (1)
e(t )  X ref (t )  X (t )

In which, Kp and Ki are respectively the gain and integral gain of the controller.

The task of the PI controller designer is to select the set {Kp, Ki} that satisfies the quality
control requirements. The Kp and Ki gain parameters affect the rise time, overshoot, and
settling time of the response given in Table 1. These data are considered Knowledge base to
determine PI regulator fuzzy rules.

Table 1: The effect of increasing the gain parameters of the PI controller

1.2) Determination of PI controller parameters according to Ziegler-Nichols method

Ziegler and Nichols proposed two empirical methods for identifying these. The parameter
{Kp, Ki} of the PI controller

* In this article we just focus on close loop.

Step 1: Set the unit feedback loop, with proportional gain controller Kp

Step 2: Increase the gain Kp to the Ku value at which the response begins to oscillate and
measure the oscilation cycle Pu of the response

Step 3: PI controller parameters are defined as (2)

K p _ zn  0,5 Ku
Ku (2)
Ki _ zn  0,54
Kp

The values of {Kp_zn, Ki_zn} obtained from the Ziegler-Nichols method should be refined
experimentally, taking a considerable amount of time, before application. The objective of
this paper is to support the process of fine-tuning the above parameters using fuzzy logic.

1.3) Adjustment fuzzy_PI controller

The fuzzy controller is introduced into the control structure of Figure 1, which aims to
provide the pair of values {Kp, Ki} for the PI controller, based on the current condition of
{e, Y}. That means the fuzzy controller will have two inputs and two outputs, as shown in
Figure 2.