KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA EME NO.

-02
BARODA – 390022

PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

HALF WAVE RECTIFIER

SUBMITTED BY
NIHARIKA JOSHI
CLASS – XII - B
 Certificate
THIS IS TO Certify THAT THIS “PHYSICS
INVESTIGATORY PROJECT” ON THE TOPIC
“HALF WAVE RECTIFIER” HAS BEEN
SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETED BY NIHARIKA
JOSHI OF CLASS XII – B UNDER THE
GUIDANCE OF MR. SUDHIR BHUTADA IN
PARTICULAR FULFILLMENT OF THE
CURRICULUM OF CENTRAL BOARD OF
SECONDARY EDUCATION (CBSE) LEADING
TO THE AWARD OF ANNUAL EXAMINATION
OF THE YEAR 2019-20.
 Acknowledgement
I wish to express my deep gratitude and sincere thanks to principal,
MRS. Sunita Kumari KV EME NO. 02 Vadodara Gujarat for her
encouragement and for all the facilities that she had provide for
this project work. I sincerely appreciate this magnanimity by
taking me in to her fold for which I shall remain indebted to her.

I extend my hearty thanks to Mr. Sudhir Bhootada, PGT (Physics)

who guided me to the successful completion of this project. I take
this opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude for his
invaluable guidance, constant encouragement, constructive
comments, sympathetic attitude and immense motivation, which
has sustain my efforts at all stages of this project work.

I can’t forget to offer my sincere thanks to my parents and

classmates who helped me to carry out this project wok
successfully and for their valuable advice and support, which I
received from them time to time.
Aim:
To design and study a Half Wave Rectifier circuit.

Components required:
1) STEP DOWN TANSFORMER (6-0-6 V)
2) LED (Light emitting diode)
3) CAPACITOR (1000 μF)
4) DIODE
5) WIRE & PLUG
6) COPPER WIRES
7) NUT BOLTS
8) BASE BOARD

Description of Materials:
1) STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER
A step-down transformer converts the high voltage (HV) and low current
from the primary side to the low voltage (LV) and high current value on
the secondary side. This transformer type has a wide application in
electronic devices and electrical systems. A step down transformer is
used to provide this low voltage value which is suitable for electronics
supplying. It transforms home voltage (230/120 V) from primary to a low
voltage on the secondary side which is used for the electronic supplying.
If electronic devices are designed to have higher nominal power,
transformers with high operating frequency are used (kHz-s).
2) LED
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source that emits
light when current flows through it. Electrons in the semiconductor
recombine with electron holes, releasing energy in the form of photons.
This effect is called electroluminescence. The color of the light
(corresponding to the energy of the photons) is determined by the energy
required for electrons to cross the band gap of the semiconductor. White
light is obtained by using multiple semiconductors or a layer of light-
emitting phosphor on the semiconductor device

3) CAPACITOR:
A capacitor is a passive two-terminal electronic component that stores
electrical energy in an electric field. The effect of a capacitor is known as
capacitance. While some capacitance exists between any two electrical
conductors in proximity in a circuit, a capacitor is a component designed
to add capacitance to a circuit. The capacitor was originally known as a
condenser or condensator.
 4) DIODE
A diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts current
primarily in one direction (asymmetric conductance); it has low (ideally
zero) resistance in one direction, and high (ideally infinite) resistance in the
other. A diode vacuum tube or thermionic diode is a vacuum tube with two
electrodes, a heated cathode and a plate, in which electrons can flow in only
one direction, from cathode to plate

HALF WAVE RECTIFIER

The conversion of AC into DC is called Rectification. Electronic devices can
convert AC power into DC power with high efficiency. During the positive
half cycle, the diode is forward biased and it conducts and hence a current
flow through the load resistor. During the negative half cycle, the diode is
reverse biased and it is equivalent to an open circuit, hence the current
through the load resistance is zero. Thus the diode conducts only for one half
cycle and results in half wave rectification. And it is done by an electrical
device known as half wave rectifier.
Working of Half Wave Rectifier

During the positive half cycle the diode is under forward bias condition and
it conducts current to RL (Load resistance). A voltage is developed across
the load, which is same as the input AC signal of the positive half cycle.

Alternatively, during the negative half cycle the diode is under reverse bias
condition and there is no current flow through the diode. Only the AC input
voltage appears across the load and it is the net result which is possible
during the positive half cycle. The output voltage pulsates the DC voltage.

The no-load output DC voltage of an ideal half-wave rectifier for a

sinusoidal input voltage is:

Vrms = Vpeak / 2

Vdc = Vpeak /π
Where:

Vdc, Vav – the DC or average output voltage,

Vpeak, the peak value of the phase input voltages,
Vrms, the root mean square (RMS) value of output voltage.
Advantages of Half wave Rectifier
 Cheap
 Simple
 Easy to use
 Low number of components

APPLICATIONS
Half Wave Rectifier are mostly used for the desired level of dc voltage by -
 It is used in soldering machines, Soldering machines uses Half Wave
rectifier.
 A half wave rectifier is mostly used as an detector in an AM radio.
 A Half Wave Rectifier is used in pulse generator circuits, firing
circuits.
 Half Wave rectifiers are used in Signal demodulation:
 half wave rectifier are used in voltage doublers circuits