Ad i i a i fe c i e e
(a) B he e- e , FC 110
FC 110. The e e ai he e hi , e i , ad i i a i a d e j e f hei e c i e e ie .
Ei he e a , d i g he a iage, a fe he ad i i a i f hi he e c i e e he he b ea
f a b ic i e , hich ha be ec ded i he egi f e f he ace he e i ca ed.
O A i 2, 1950, he e f he , C a a Ta b i g, died a d he e i e e a e, i c di g he a a he a e ie
hich c e ed he cc ied b he i a e e de e e aced de c ustodia legis.
B c 5 Page 19 f 74
O A i 28, 1950, D Vice e Lega da a a i ed a a ecia ad i i a f he e a e. Mea hi e he i ae
e de e ai ed i e i f he i e i .
The i a e e de a e f he a cc a h ef ed aca e he he e e cc i g, ha
A i 26, 1968, he e i i e fi ed he ac i be ec e he aid .
O a ea , he e de C f A ea f d he Ide i f he gh be ec e ed b he e i i e be he
a e a ha i he h ica e i f he i a e e de a d ed ha he igh e ai i g he e i i e i
e f ce he c ec i f he ba a ce beca e acc di g ,i e ed i he h e f i edece ; a d ha i ce he
a ea i e i f he e i i e hich i ha i ed i he e e ca e i 115 a e e e , he ba a ce
af e ded c i g he de i f P1,500.00 i P2,551.85, a d a e de f he C f Fi I a ce f Ma i a, he aid
ba a ce h d be aid i 18 e a h i a e .
I hi e i i , he e i i e ai ai ha he C f A ea c i ed a e e ib e e i h di g ha he a e b
D Vice e Lega da i fa f he i a e e de i a id, bi di g, a d e f ceab e agai he e i i e .
The e i i e c e d ha i ce he e i di e ha he e i e i a he a a he a e fCa a
Ta b i g, h died A i 2, 1950, Vice e Lega da had a h i ha e e e he aid e he
i ae e de Ma 12, 1950 i ce he f e a a i ed a ad i i a f he e a e f C a a Ta b i g
A g 28, 1950. The ef e, he e i ed a e c d ha e b d C a a Ta b i g' e a e beca e he
e d Vice e Lega da ei he ac ed a he e he ad i i a f he bjec e he he a eged a e
ace. A ega d he i i i he deed f a e hich i e ec ed i h he Phi i i e T C a he ei i b d
i ef e ec he c ac f a e ie e ha a ha e bee e ec ed b Vice e Lega da a d e ced
he igh a a i ca e f e ic i , he e i i e a g e ha hi e- e i ed e ec f h e a id a e
e ec ed b he decea ed C a a Ta b i g a d b e iha h i ac beha f f he e a e.
O he he ha d, he i a e e de c e d ha he af e ed ii f he deed f a e a e a dec a a i
ad i i agai he i e e f he e i i e , a d h ha he ac f Vice e Lega da had bee a ified b he
Phi i i e T C a a d a ed b he ba e c . The e i i e , he ef e, i a eged e ed f
e i i g he a h i f Vice e Lega da i e i g he e i di e.
B c 5 Page 20 f 74
R ling: NO. Deci i f CA i e e ed a d e a ide. The ec d d e h ha D Vice e Lega da a he
ad i i a f he a a he a e ie f D a C a a Ta b i g d i g he ife i e f he a e . Th , i ca be
aid ha he a e hich a e e ed i b he i a e e de a d D Vice e Lega da had i i ce i bef e he
dea h f C a a Ta b i g a d a e e ed i b he D Vice e beha f f C a a Ta b i g b a
c a ed af e he dea h.
Af e he a i e f D Vice e Lega da a ad i i a f he e a e f D a C a a Ta b i g, he h d ha e
a ied bef e he ba e c f a h i e he di ed e i fa f he i a e e de . If he ba e
c a ed he e e , he D Vice e Lega da d ha e bee ab e e ec e a a id deed f a e i fa f he
e de . B D Vice e Lega da had eff c i h he ab e- ed e f ced e ha f he
e de ec hi i e e a he ba a ce f he i a e he c a i ed ad i i a .
WHEREFORE, IN VIEW OF THE FOREGOING, he deci ion appealed f om i he eb REVERSED and SET ASIDE.
The p i a e e ponden i o de ed o SURRENDER he ma e ial and ph ical po e ion of Lo No. 277, Block I o he
pe i ione and o pa he la e he en al a a ed abo e f om Ma , 1950 n il he ende he aid lo . The
pe i ione hall eimb e he p i a e e ponden he amo n of P1,500.00 i h legal in e e f om Ma , 1950 o off e
aid amo n f om he en al d e o i . Co again he p i a e e ponden .
B c 5 Page 21 f 74
I a ice f e E ec i a d ice f P b ic A c i a e da ed, a c i a e a he d a d defe da B i a
adj dged highe bidde . A i f e i a i ed ace he e ec i -c edi i e i f he e
e ied a d d e ec i . S b e e , he eaf e , Ra C. O g fi ed a O ib i ih he a e C
f Fi I a ce f Ma i a a i g a h he i f e i , hich a de ied. A i f ec ide a i a
i e i e de ied.
C e e , eii e b gh he ca e he C f A ea a he a c i a e a eged i eg a e ec ed
he f i gg d, a e , ha he e a c j ga a d h c d be he d iab e f e a deb
c ac ed b he ife, a d ha he e a a id b ica i h a i g he a c i a e id. The C f A ea
affi ed he deci i f he ia c , i g eii e fi e a i f ec ide a i he e f. Said i a
de ied. He ce hi e i i .
Th , i a he d i he ca e f Ma a ba . L a , ha he e i ha e i c j ga (A . 160, NCC)
efe e ac i ed d i g he a iage. Whe he e i h i ga he he e a ac i ed b a
e, he fac ha he i e i i he e' a e i a i dica i i be g e c i e aid e.
A c ec i ed b he e de C , he a h i e he e i ha a e f he a iage
be g he c j ga a e hi fi e ha he e a ac i ed d i g he a iage. P f f
ac i i i d i g he a iage i a c di i i e a f he eai f he e i i fa f he c j ga
a e hi . Th , he he e i egi e ed i he a e f he e a d he e i h i ga he he
e a ac i ed b aid e, hi i a i dica i ha he e be g e c i e aid e. A d hi
e i de A . 160 f he Ci i C de ca e ai he he i e i i he a e f e e a d he
igh f i ce hi d a ie a e i ed.
F he e, e e a i g f he a e f a g e ha he e i di e i c j ga , he a e a i be he d
iab e f he deb f he ife i hi ca e. U de A . 117 f he Ci i C de, he ife a e gage i b i e a h gh
he h ba d a bjec (b bjec ce ai c di i ). I i c ea f he ec d ha he ife a e gaged i he
ggi g b i e i h he h ba d' edge a da ae ih a bjec i hi a . The ac f he h ba d
h ha he ga e hi i ied c e he ife' e gage e i b i e .
Le i be ed ha d e he e g h f i e ha hi ca e ha e ai ed e di g, i a e e de F a ci c B i a d
A e i Ca i ha e a eged a ead died i he ce . N e b i i f a ie ha e a ae bee ade.
Ne e he e , de i e ch e e i g e e , f fai e he a f eii e h a ga e ab e f di c e i
e e ib e e c i ed b e de a e a e c , he S e eC affi ed he a e aec ' deci i .
Be ide , he deci i f he ia c i i acc da ce i h a a d he e ide ce e e ed.
WHEREFORE, he e i i i he eb DISMISSED f ac f e i i h ce e a c .
B c 5 Page 22 f 74
5. E c b a ce/di ii fe c i e e
FC 111-112, f FC 236, a e ded b RA 6809
A . 111. A e f age a gage, e c be , a ie a e he i e di e f hi he e c i e e , ih
he c e f he he e, a d a ea a e i c i iga e i h ega d he a e.
I H g g e i e i J e 1972, Ka i a e e ed i a ag ee e i h A i a Cha he eb A i a
c ig ed Ka i a iece f je e f a e a ed a P321,830.95.4 Whe Ka i a fai ed e he iece f
je e i hi he 20-da e i d ag eed , A i a Cha de a ded a e f hei a e. Ka i a i ed i fa f
A i a Cha a chec f P55,000 hich, h e e , a di h ed f ac f f d . He ce, Ka i a a cha ged i h
e afa bef e he he C f Fi I a ce f Pa a ga a d A ge e Ci . Af e ia , he e c e de ed a
deci i di i i g he ca e he g d ha Ka i a' iabi i a c i i a b ci i i a e a e afa a
c i ed b he i a ce f he chec i a e f a e-e i i g b iga i .
B c 5 Page 23 f 74
B g an ing ha he p ope ie a e conj gal, he canno an e fo Ka ina' obliga ion a he la e
e e e cl i el he beca e he e e inc ed i ho he con en of he h band, he e e no fo he dail
e pen e of he famil and he did no edo nd o he benefi of he famil . The c de c ed he fac ha
e ide ce ha bee b i ed ha he ad i i a i f he c j ga a e hi had bee a fe ed Ka i a ei he b
R a ic b he c bef e aid b iga i e e i c ed.
6. Wha c i e CPG
(a) Defi i i , FC 106
FC 106. U de he egi e f c j ga a e hi f gai , he h ba d a d ife ace i a c f d he ceed ,
d c , f i a d i c e f hei e a a e e ie a d h e ac i ed b ei he b h e h gh hei
eff b cha ce, a d, di i f he a iage f he a e hi , he e gai be efi b ai ed b
ei he b h e ha be di ided e a be ee he , e he i e ag eed i he a iage e e e . (142a)
B c 5 Page 24 f 74
16. De La Pena A ila, G.R. No. 187490, Feb. 8, 2012 (E angeli a)
Doc ine: P a A ic e 160 f he Ci i C de f he Phi i i e , a e f he a iage i e ed be g
he c j ga a e hi , e i be ed ha i e ai e c i e he h ba d he ife. A h gh i i
ece a e ha he e a ac i ed i h f d f he a e hi , p oof of ac i i ion d ing he
ma iage i an e en ial condi ion fo he ope a ion of he p e mp ion in fa o of he conj gal pa ne hip.
Ge a A i a, a e ed ha he a d a he e c i e e fA ia a d ha A ia had i e e e ed ha he
h ba d a i a i e. Ge a a ed ha A ia had fai ed a he 250 a he f Ag i a a d a ached
Ge a f he e e he f ec e f he a d h Ge a e ed he a a d ga e A ia a 50 a i h 10%
i ee e h. A ia had a eged ag eed e he a d a c a e a f he a Ge a ac i ed f
FEBTC-BPI f 1.2 i i he e Ge a he e A ia ed he .
RTC: P e a c j ga i a e a d he Deed f Sa e i fa Ge a a id a a di ii ih he
i ida i e i ed de A 130 f he Fa i C de a d de ed FEBTC-BPI ec e he a d he De a Pe a .
CA: Re e ed deci i f RTC f : fai e e he e a ac i ed d i g he a iage a d A ia had
i ed Ge a ha he e a e c i e he
B c 5 Page 25 f 74
A he a ie i i g he e i f c j ga i de A ic e 160 f he Ci i C de, he De a Pe a did e e
c ec e i g ha he bjec e a ac i ed d i g he a iage be ee A ia a d A eg . Be d
A ia ba e a d c b a ed a e i ha he e a cha ed he he a a ead a ied, he ec d i
be ef f a e ide ce f hich he ac a da e f ac i i i f he ea ca be a ce ai ed. Whe e ied ab he
a e d i g hi c -e a i a i , e e A i ad i ed ha hi e ba i f a i g ha he e a ed b hi
ae a A ia iaea ce e he effec . C ide i g ha he e i f c j ga i d e
e a e if he e i h i g f he he e a eged be c j ga a ac i ed, e fi d ha he CA ca be
fa ed f i g ha he ea i i iga i a A ia e c i e e . I R i . CA, he c ed ha he
h a e a ied i e e de c i i e f he ci i a f he ife a d ca be i e e ed ea ha he h ba d
i a a egi e ed e.
Quiao v Quiao, G. R. No. 183622, Jul 4, 2012 (Repeated)
FC 118. P e b gh i a e aid a f e c i e f d f ei he b h e a d a f
c j ga f d be g he b e b e if f e hi a e ed bef e he a iage a d he c j ga
a e hi if ch e hi a e ed d i g he a iage. I ei he ca e, a a ad a ced b he a e hi
b ei he b h e ha be ei b ed b he e e i ida i f he a e hi . ( )
B c 5 Page 26 f 74
I ei he ca e, he e hi f he e i e e ha be e ed he ei b e e , hich ha be ade a he
i e f he i ida i f he c j ga a e hi . (158a)
Nic a a d E ebia e e a ied 7 Oc be 1926. Nic a a d Paci a a ed c habi i g i 1936. E ebia died 23
N e be 1996. Paci a a d Nic a e e a ied 16 Dece be 1996. Pe i i e he e e ad i ha L N . 152
a cha ed 4 Oc be 1957. The da e f ac i i i f L N . 152 i c ea d i g he a iage f Nic a a d
E ebia. Si ce he bjec e ie , i c di g L N . 152, e e ac i ed d i g he a iage f Nic a a d E ebia,
he e i de A ic e 116 f he Fa i C de i ha a he e a e c j ga e ie f Nic a a d E ebia.
B c 5 Page 27 f 74
18. Mendo a . Re e 124 SCRA 154 (Ga cia)
Doc ine: P e ac i ed d i g a a iage i e ed be c j ga a d he fac ha he a d i a e egi e ed i
he a e f e f he e d e de i c j ga a e. If he fac ha e ac i ed d i g a iage
a egi e ed i he a e f he h ba d a e d e affec i c j ga a e, ei he d e egi a i i he a e
f he ife.
CFI: dec a ed he e ie e c i e a d a a he a e ie f J ia a d ed ha he c d a id di e f he
a e ih he c e f he h ba d.
I e: A e he di ed e ie c j ga e ie ? Ye .
A ic e 153 f he Ci i C de ide :
The following are conjugal partnership propert : That which is acquired b onerous title during the marriage at the
e pense of the common fund, whether the acquisition be for the partnership, or for onl one of the spouses;
It is sufficient to prove that the propert was acquired during the marriage in order that the same ma be deemed
conjugal propert . There is no question that the disputed propert was acquired b onerous title during the marriage.
B c 5 Page 28 f 74
19. Ag e e PNB, GR 170166, Ap il 6, 2011 (Hechano a)
Topic: Wha c i e CPG; Wha a e i c ded i CPG
Fac : R (h ba d) b ai ed a a (P115 ) a d e ec ed a ea e a e gage. U a i , he a e ai ed
a di g. A a e , PNB i i ed e aj dicia f ec e ceedi g . A ce ifica e f a e a i ed i fa f
PNB. Said e a he egi e ed i he a e f PNB af e 1 ea had a ed i h he e bei g edee ed.
O he he ha d, PNB a ed f he di i a f he c ai he g d ha he e e e ba ed f
ec e i g he e beca e f e e , ache , aba d e a d eci i .
B c 5 Page 29 f 74
NCC 166. U e he ife ha bee dec a ed a non compos mentis (unsound mind), e d h if , i de ci i
i e dic i , i c fi ed i a e a i , he h ba d ca a ie a e e c be a ea e f he c j ga
a e hi ih he ife c e . If he ea ab ef e gi e he c e , he c a c e he
g a he a e.
(d) If e b gh b i a e , FC A . 118
A . 118. P e b gh i a e aid a f e c i e f d f ei he b h e a d a f
c j ga f d be g he b e b e if f e hi a e ed bef e he a iage a d he c j ga
a e hi if ch e hi a e ed d i g he a iage. I ei he ca e, a a ad a ced b he a e hi
b ei he b h e ha be ei b ed b he e e i ida i f he a e hi
20. Jo ellano CA, G.R. No. 100728 J ne 18, 1992 ( Jimenea)
Doc ine: I a c ac e a c di i a a e, e hi i a fe ed de i e f e b f
a e f he cha e ice. Thi i a a pactum reservati dominii ( c ac a e e a i f i e) a d
i c i ae he i a e a .C ia ce i h he i a ed a e i a e i e c di i , he fai e
f hich e e he b iga i f he e d c e i ef ac i i g bi di g f ce.
Fac : O Se e be 2, 1955, Da ie J e a a d Phi i i e A e ica Life I a ce C a (Phi a ife) e e ed
i a ea e a d c di i a a e ag ee e e L 8, B c 3 f Phi a ife Q e Ci De e e P jec
i c di g a b ga ca ed a d a N . 55 S h Ma a D i e, Phi a ife H e , Q e Ci . A hi i e, he
a i a ied Le Di ih h he had 3 chi d e ( e i i e ). U f a e , Le died Ja a 2,
1959. O Ma 30, 1967, Da ie a e a ied A e e ( e de ).
B c 5 Page 30 f 74
O Dece be 18, 1971, Me c (da gh e f fi a iage; e f he e i i e ) a d Gi Ma i e (he h ba d), b i
a e e i a he bac f he aid e . O Ja a 8, 1975, he ea e a aid a d Phi a ife e ec ed a deed f
ab e ae Da ie . The f i g da , he he d a ed he aid e hi chi d e i he fi a iage
( e i i e ). O Se e be 8, 1985, Da ie died a d hi dea h a ed he e e c e (Ci i Ca e Q-52058).
A e e c ai ha he aid e i he c j ga e be gi g he ec d a iage d e he fac ha
he deed f ab e a e a da ed d i g he ce eb a i f hei a iage (Ja . 8, 1975). H e e , e i i e c ai ha
he e e e ac i ed b hei a e (1 a iage) beca e f he ea e a d c di i a a e ag ee e ih
Phi a ife Se e be 2, 1955.
RTC ed ha A e e J e a a -i di i e f he f e .
CA ed ha he f e hi f he bjec e a a fe ed Da ie Ja e a f a e f
he i a ed ice gi i g i e he e ec i f he Deed f Ab e Sa e Ja a 8, 1975.
I he he
e: W he a d b ga c e ed b he ea e a d c di i a a e ag ee e i he c j ga e
f he ec d a iage f he a e Da ie J e a i h A e e. = YES
R ling: The ba ic e i ha a c ac hich i c a a , a ,g dc , b ic de b ic ic
ha he f ce f a be ee he c ac i g a ie h d be c ied i h i g d fai h. The c ac e e ed i b
Da ie J e a i ecified a Lea e a d C di i a Sa e Ag ee e i hich he e i ed a ea e e i d
f 20 ea a d a h e a f P288.87 b hich Da ie a e ee- e dee had he igh f e i e he
e a d Phi a ife a e ee a fe ed he e a ea de j e f aid e . I hi ca aci a
e ee- e dee, he abided b a e a d eg a i f Phi a ife i h ega d he e a d e e a i f he e .
I ac ac e a c di i a a e, e hi i a fe ed de i e f e b f a e f
he cha e ice. Thi i a a pactum reservati dominii ( c ac a e e a i f i e) a d i c
i ae he i a e a .C ia ce i h he i a ed a e i a e i e c di i , he fai e f hich
e e he b iga i f he e d c e i ef ac i i g bi di g f ce. I hi ca e, hi h a e ee
i he f f e a i h he ag ee e ha if he fai hf c ied i h a he i a i i he c ac , he a e
d be i effec be c ide ed a a i ai a e be a ied he ede e i ed ice f aid e .
A h gh he had bee i e i f he aid e i ce Se e be 2, 1955, i a Ja a 8, 1975 ha
Phi a ife e ec ed he deed f ab e aei J e a fa . Wi h hi , i i e ide ha Da ie J e a e ide
did e e j ch igh f e hi .
A ic e 256 f he Fa i C de a e ha : Thi C de ha ha e e ac i e effec i fa a i d e ej dice
i ai e ed ac i ed igh i acc da ce i h he Ci i C de he a . The igh f Da ie J e a i ee
a i ch a e a d e ec a igh hich d i e i a e ed igh hi ac i i i f e hi hich
a c i ge hi f a e f he e a a d c ia ce i h a hi c ac a b iga i . Th , f a
e igh be e ed, he e be a a i i f he e ia c i ge he ac a a d he ie a
i ee ha e a ached a hi g, i ha e bec e fi ed e ab i hed a d i ge e d b
c e . Th , pon he e ec ion of aid deed of ab ol e ale on Jan a 8, 1975, f ll o ne hip a e ed
in o Daniel Jo ellano and a ea l a 1967, he a al ead ma ied o Anne e, hi p ope nece a il belonged
o hi conj gal pa ne hip i h hi econd ife. The C a de ed ha ei b e e he chi d e f hi fi
ife h d be ade i i e i h he e i e ii f A ic e 118 f he Fa i C de. De i i g he chi d e f
he fi i be fai d e he fac ha he ea e a c ac ed d i g he fi a iage, he ei a i f he
a e ca e f .
21. Ta o a . De Leon, GR 185063, J l 23, 2009 (Lab ado )
Doc ine: I a c ac e , e hi i e ai ed b he e e a d i a ed he b e i f a e f he
ice, i ei ac ac f a e he e i e a e de i e f he hi g d.
B c 5 Page 31 f 74
Fac : O J 20, 1965, B ifaci O. De Le , he i g e, a d he Pe e H e i e a d H i g C ai
(PHHC) e e ed i a C di i a C ac Se f he cha e i a e f a 191.30 a e- e e i a ed i
Fai ie , Q e Ci . S b e e , A i 24, 1968, B ifaci a ied A i a de Le i a ci i i e. T hi i
e eb Da i a d Vi a.
F i g he f a e f he c ice f he h cha ed, PHHC e ec ed, J e 22, 1970, a Fi a Deed f
Sa e i fa fB ifaci . Acc di g , T a fe Ce i ca e f Ti e (TCT) N . 173677 a i ed i he a e f
B ifaci , i g e. S be e , B ifaci , f PhP 19,000, d he bjec he i e , Li a, a d h ba d Fe i
Ri Ta a (Ta a ), e i i e he ei . The c e i g Deed f Sa e da ed Ja a 12, 1974 (Deed f Sa e) did bea
he i e c e a d ig a e f A i a.
The eaf e , Ma 23, 1977, B ifaci a d A i a e e ed hei i a ch ch eddi g a S . J h he Ba i
Pa i h i Sa J a , Ma i a. O Feb a 29, 1996, B ifaci died. Th ee h a e , he Ta a egi e ed he Deed f
Sa e a d had TCT N . 173677 ca ce ed. The ec ed he i a ce i hei a e f TCT N . N-173911 f he Q e
Ci Regi e f Deed .
Ge i g i d f he ca ce a i f hei fa he i e a d he i a ce f TCT N . N-173911, Da i a d Vi a ed
Ma 19, 2003 a N ice f Ad e e C ai bef e he Regi e f Deed f Q e Ci ec hei igh e he
bjec e . Ve ch a e , A i a, Da i , a d Vi a ed a ec e a ce i bef e he RTC i Q e Ci . I
hei c ai , A i a a d he chi d e a eged, a g he hi g , ha f a d a e ded he e ec i f he Deed f Sa e
a d ha b e e ac f B ifaci d h ha he a i he e f he a ce f a d. The Ta a , i hei
A e ihC C e c ai , a e ed ha he B ifaci d he a hi e c i e e i a ch
a he a i i g e he he ac i ed i f PHHC. A f he a eged, he e e a a e f he ed a iage
be ee B ifaci a d A i a a he i e f he e ec i f he Deed f Sa e.
I e: WON he i e i a he c j ga e f B ifaci a d A i a. YES.
RTC R ling: Re de ed j dg e i fa f A i a a d he chi d e .
CA R ling: The CA e de ed a deci i af a f ha f he RTC. J i e he RTC, he CA he d ha he Ta a
fai ed e h he ega e i ha he a ce f a d i di e a c j ga .
SC R ling: Pe i i e a e ha , i ce B ifaci cha ed he f PHHC i a e bef e he a ied A i a,
he a d a B ifaci e c i e e a d c j ga , e e h gh ei a e e e aid a d he i e a
i ed B ifaci d i g he a iage.
We di ag ee. A ic e 160 f he 1950 Ci i C de, he g e i g ii i effec a he i e B ifaci a d A i a
c ac ed a iage, ide ha a e f he a iage i e ed be g he c j ga a e hi e i
i ed ha i e ai e c i e he h ba d he ife. O f f ac i i i d i g he a iage i eeded
ai e he e i ha he e i c j ga . I fac , e e he he a e i hich he e ie e e ac i ed
d e a ea , he e i i i a , a d he e ie i i be c ide ed c j ga .
I he ca e a ba , e hi e ha a ce a PHHC a d c e ed b he PHHC-B ifaci C di i a C ac
Se a a fe ed d i g he a iage f B ifaci a d A i a. I i e e ed ha a c di i a a e i a i , if
e i ae , ac ac e .I b h e fc ac , he ef cac b iga f ce f he e d b iga i
a fe i e i b di a ed he ha e i g f a f e a d ce ai e e , a he f a e f he cha e
ice, ha if he e i e c di i d e a e ace, he a ie d a d a if he c di i a b iga i had
e e e i ed. I he d , in a con ac o ell, o ne hip i e ained b he elle and i no pa ed o he b e
n il f ll pa men of he p ice, nlike in a con ac of ale he e i le pa e pon deli e of he hing old.
S ch i he i a i b ai i g i he i a ca e. The c di i a c ac e e ec ed b a d be ee B ifaci a d
PHHC J 20, 1965 ided ha e hi e a d i e he e i e B ifaci e ec i
f he a deed f a e hich, i , i be effec ed a e f he f cha e ice. E ide , i e he
e i e i a ed B ifaci af e he had f aid he cha e ice J e 22, 1970.
B c 5 Page 32 f 74
Thi f a e , e , a ade e ha (2) ea af e hi a iage A ia A i 24, 1968. I e effec ,
he e a ac i ed d i g he e i e ce f he a iage; a ch, e hi he e i ,b a , e ed
be g he c j ga a e hi .
Pe i i e a g e ha he di ed a B ifaci e c i e e , i ce i a egi e ed e i hi a e,
i e ab e. The e e egi a i fa e i he a e f e ed e de i c j ga a e. Wha i
a e ia i he i e he he e a ac i ed.
The e ca be ibb i g ha A i a c f i he a e f he di ed eii e a e e b ai ed a
ea f a e e ed i he c e i g deed. I ca be e -e ha i ed ha he 1950 Ci i C de i e e ici
he c e e ce f he h ba d a ie a i g e c be i g a ea e f he c j ga a e hi i h he
ife c e . T a eci c i , he a e f a c j ga iece f a d b he h ba d, a ad i i a , ,a a e, be
i h he ife c e . E e, he a e i a id. Acc di g , he Deed f Sa e e ec ed Ja a 12, 1974 be ee
B ifaci a d he Ta a c e i g he PHHC i id.
E e he ii ha B ifaci d hi i f he c j ga a e hi , he a e i i he e ica id,
f ,a e i a ed, he igh f he h ba d he ife e-ha f f he c j ga a e d e e i he
i ida i f he c j ga a e hi .
(e) C edi d e, FC 119
FC 119. Whe e e a a c edi a ab e i hi a e i d f i e be g e e, he hich a be
c ec ed d i g he a iage i a ia a e b i a e he i ci a ha be he e c i e e f he
e. H e e , i e e fa i g d e d i g he a iage he i ci a ha be g he c j ga a e hi .
B c 5 Page 33 f 74
O J 14, 1993, he i e he bjec e a a fe ed he e i i e M b i e f a Deed f Ab e
Sa e, da ed A i 30, 1992, e ec ed b E i da, f he e f a d a a e -i -fac f E i e , f a a ed c ide a i f
₱602,000.00.
I e: I he bjec e a a he a c j ga ?
B c 5 Page 34 f 74
I he e e ca e, c ea e ide ce ha E i da i he i ed he e ide ia f he fa he ha fficie eb ed hi
e i f c j ga e hi . P a A ic e 92 a d 109 f he Fa i C de, e ie ac i ed b g a i
i e b ei he e, d i g he a iage, ha be e c ded f he c i e a d be he e c i e e
f each e. The e ide ia , he ef e, i E i da e c i e a a he a e .
Th , he bjec e e ai ed he e c i e a a he a e f E i da a he i e he c ac ed i h he
e i i e ; he i e c e fEi e he a ac i a ece a . The NBI fi di g ha E i e ig a e i
he ecia e fa e a d affida i e e f ge ie a i a e ia .
B c 5 Page 35 f 74
7. Cha ge a d b iga i f CPG, FC 121, 122
A . 121. The c j ga a e hi ha be iab e f :
(1) The f he e, hei c chi d e , a d he egi i a e chi d e f ei he e; h e e , he
f i egi i a e chi d e ha be g e ed b he ii f hi C de S ;
(2) A deb a d b iga i c ac ed d i g he a iage b he de ig a ed ad i i a - e f he be efi f he
c j ga a e hi f gai , b b h e b e f he i h he c e f he he ;
(3) Deb a d b iga i c ac ed b ei he e ih he c e f he he he e e ha he fa i a
ha e be efi ed;
(4) A a e , ie , cha ge , a d e e e , i c di g aj i e ai he c j ga a e hi e ;
(5) A a e a d e e e f ee e e ai ade d i g he a iage he e a a e e f ei he e; (6)
E e e e ab e ei he e c e ce c eea fe i a , ca i a , he ac i i f
e f-i e e ;
7) A e- ia deb f ei he e i fa a he ha e ed ded he be efi f he fa i ;
(8) The a e f ha i d a ed i ed b b h e i fa f hei c egi i a e chi d e f he
e c i e e fc e ci g c ei ga fe i a ca i a c e he ac i i f
e f-i e e ;a d
(9) E e e f i iga i be ee he e e he i i f d g d e . If he c j ga a e hi i
i fficie c e he f eg i g iabi i ie , he e ha be ida i iab e f he aid ba a ce i h hei
e aae e ie .
B c 5 Page 36 f 74
Da ie Sa che , E he h ba d, ade hi e. He fi ed a c ai f a e f he e ec i i he C
f Fi I a ce a Q e Ci i hi ca aci a ad i i a f he c j ga a e hi . He a eged ha he c j ga
a e c d a id be ade a e f b iga i e c i e c ac ed b hi ife, a d ha , e e, e f
he e a e e ied , ch a h eh d a ia ce a d e i ece a i ed i he c j ga d e i g, e e
e e f e ec i .
I hi ca e, A f ed a he i ci a b ig i he c ac f a . Wha he ig ed a e e a e ag ee e .
He did di ec ecei e he e a d ed i f he e e ci e f hi fe i i d . E e if e i i e
c ai ha A f ed a e i ed ce ai e e be efi i e cha ge f he e ag ee e he ig ed f PBM,
he e i e ide ce hich h ha he e be efi i ha e a di ec be efi hei fa i a d he c j ga a e hi .
The e f he a a ed i he e a i f PBM.
25.Alf edo & Enca nacion Ching CA and Allied Banking Co p., 423 SCRA 356 (Na a ) 2004
Doc ine: I Ta . C f A ea , he c he d ha i i e e ece a e ha he e ie e e
ac i ed i h f d f he a e hi . A g a he e ie e e ac i ed b he a ie d i g he a iage, he a e
e ed be c j ga i a e.
Fac :
1. Phi i i e B i g Mi C a , I c. (PBMCI) b ai ed a f he A ied Ba i g C . (ABC).
2. (PBMCI) E ec i e Vice-P e ide A f ed Chi g e ec ed a c i i g g a a i h he ABC f he a e
f he aid a . The PBMCI defa ed i he a e fa i a ABC fi ed a c ai f f e
agai he PBMCI.
B c 5 Page 37 f 74
3. T ia c i ed a i f e i i a a ach e agai A f ed Chi g e i i g he he iff f a ach a he
e ie f aid A f ed Chi g a e f he a e f he a .
4. E ca aci T. Chi g, ife f A f ed Chi g, fi ed a M i Se A ide he e a ach e a egi g i e
a ia ha he 100,000 ha e f c e ied b he he iff e e ac i ed b he a d he h ba d d i g hei
a iage f c j ga f d .
5. Pe i i e e a e ha he ce f f d i he ac i i i f he e ied ha e f c i he
c i g fac he i i g he e i f he c j ga a e f c de A . 21 a d ha ch
e i b i e e if he e i egi e ed i he a e f e f he e , i hi ca e,
e i i e A f ed Chi g.
6. he e i i e a g e ha he e hi b iga i a c ac ed i he i f he e i i e -h ba d
fe i b i e .
R ling: N .
A ic e 160 f he Ne Ci i C de ide ha a he e ie ac i ed d i g he a iage a e e ed be g
he c j ga a e hi ; e i be ed ha i e ai e c i e he h ba d, he ife. I Ta . C f
A ea , he c he d ha i i e e ece a e ha he e ie e e ac i ed i h f d f he
a e hi . A g a he e ie e e ac i ed b he a ie d i g he a iage, he a e e ed be c j ga
i a e. I fac , e e he he a e i hich he e ie e e ac i ed d e a ea , he e i i i
a , a d he e ie i i be c ide ed c j ga . The e i f he c j ga a e f he e ie
ac i ed d i g he a iage b i i he ab e ce f c ea , a i fac a d c i ci g e ide ce e c e he a e.
F he c j ga a e hi be iab e f a iabi i ha h d a e ai he h ba d a e he e be a h i g
ha e ad a age acc ed he e . Ce ai , a e a c j ga a e hi e ib e f a iabi i ha
h d a e ai a e e f he e i f a e he bjec i e f he Ne Ci i C de h he
c ce f he ida i a d e bei g f he fa i a a i . The h ba d, he ef e, i de ied he e a e
ece a a d a a ed i he fi a cia abi i f he c j ga a e hi .
I hi ca e, he i a e e de fai ed e ha he c j ga a e hi f he e i i e a be efi ed b he
e i i e -h ba d ac f e ec i g a c i i g g a a a d e hi ag ee e i h he i a e e de f a d
i beha f f PBMCI. The c ac f a a be ee he i a e e de a d he PBMCI, e f he be efi f he
a e .N e i ca be i fe ed f he fac ha he he e i i e -h ba d e e ed i a acc da i
ag ee e ac ac f e , he c j ga a e hi d he eb be be efi ed. The i a e e de a
b de ed e ab i h ha ch be efi ed ded he c j ga a e hi .
B c 5 Page 38 f 74
If he h ba d hi e f i he i ci a b ig i he c ac , i.e., he di ec ecei ed he e a d e ice be ed
i f hi b i e hi fe i , ha c ac fa i hi he e b iga i f he be efi f he
c j ga a e hi . He e, ac a be efi a be ed. I i e gh ha he be efi he fa i i a a e a he
i e f he ig i g f he c ac . F he e a e f he c ac f a e ice , he fa i a d be efi
f he a faci i e ice be e de ed he b i e fe i f he h ba d. I i i a e ia , if i he e d,
hi b i e fe i fai d e cceed. Si a ed, he e he h ba d c ac b iga i beha f f
he fa i b i e , he a e e , a d igh , ha ch b iga i i ed d he be efi f he c j ga
a e hi . I hi ca e, he e i i e -h ba d ac ed e e a a e f he a c ac ed b he PBMCI f he
i ae e de .
26. Homeo ne . Dailo, G.R. No. 153802, Ma .11, 2005 (Od onia)
Doc ine: U de A ic e 121 f he Fa i C de, "[T]he c j ga a e hi ha be iab e f : . . . (3) Deb a d
b iga i c ac ed b ei he e ih he c e f he he he e e ha he fa i a ha e bee
be e: ed; . . . ." F he bjec e be he d iab e, he b iga i c ac ed b he a e Ma ce i Dai , J .
ha e ed ded he be e: f he c j ga a e hi
B c 5 Page 39 f 74
27. Ando Campo, GR 184007, Feb a 16, 2011 (Tagle)
Doc ine: Si ce he a ed i a e e e a i e ca aci , a d i hi e a ca aci , he e c d be ade
a e f he j dg e b iga i f he c a i . The e a egi e ed i he a e f e i i e
b a f hi ife. She a d e he e bjec f e ec i ih e e bei g a a he ca e. Thi i
be a a de i a i f e ih d e ce .
The e f he NLRC e ec e i j dg e e e d e ie e i ab be gi g he j dg e
deb a e. A he iff ha a h i a ach he e fa e e ce ha f he j dg e deb . Li e i e,
he e i h i g ha he he iff e e ied e ec e he e ie f he c a i . Pe i ion g an ed.
B c 5 Page 40 f 74
O he I e: On J i dic ion: CA did e i h di g he RTC' ac f j i dic i e ai he i e e ai f he i
f e ec i i ed b he Lab A bi e . The Court has long recogni ed that regular courts have no jurisdiction to hear and decide
questions which arise from and are incidental to the enforcement of decisions, orders, or awards rendered in labor cases b
appropriate officers and tribunals of the Department of Labor and Emplo ment. To hold otherwise is to sanction splitting of
jurisdiction which is obno ious to the orderl administration of justice.
The NLRC Ma a he E ec i f J dg e dea ecifica i h hi d- a c ai i ca e b gh bef e ha b d . I
defi e a hi d- a c ai a e he e a e , a a he ca e, a e i e igh he e i f he e
e ied .
A d a i deed be c ide ed a " hi d a " i e a i he e bjec f he e ec i i - - i he Lab A bi e '
deci i . The e be g a hi d a , i.e., he c j ga a e hi . A he e ea , he C ca c ide ha e i i e '
ife i a hi d a i hi c e ai f he a .
The b ad e g a ed he Lab A bi e a d NLRC b A ic e 217, 218 a d 224 f he Lab C de ca be i e e ed
a e i g i he j i dic i e i cide a i i g f , i c ec i ih eai g ab di e , a he c e de
c ide a i , he e c i f he eg a c .
The e i de i g ha he e e c e a ef he c ai f i ega di i a . The bjec a e f e i i e '
c ai i he e ec i f he NLRC deci i . E ec i i a e e ia a f he ceedi g bef e he NLRC. J i dic i ,
ce ac i ed, c i e i he ca e i fi a e i a ed, a d he e ca be e d he c e ih he f a d e
i e e ai f he c i i ' di ec i e .
(a) Wi h c e
G-Tractors v. CA, 135 SCRA 192 (Repeated)
Ong v. CA 204 SCRA 297 (Repeated)
A ala Investment vs. CA (Februar 12, 1998) (Repeated)
28. Sec i Bank . Ma Tie a Co p., G.R. No. 143382, No . 29, 2006 (Tan)
FACTS: O Ma 7, 1980, e de Ma Tie a C a i , h gh i e ide , Wi f id Ma i e , a ied f a
P12,000,000 c edi acc da i i h e i i e Sec i Ba . Pe i i e a ed he a ica i . I a ec ed b
a i de i ag ee e e ec ed b i di id a e de Wi f id Ma i e , Mig e . Lac a d Rica d L a h
b d he e e j i a d e ea ih e de c a i f he a e f he a . O J 2, 1980, he
c edi i e ag ee e a a e ded a d i c ea ed P14,000,000.
U ab e c ec he ba a ce f he a , e i i e fi ed a c ai f a f e iha a e f ei i a
a ach e agai e de c ai a di di id a e de i he RTC f Ma a i, B a ch 66. S b e e ,
h e e , e i i e had he ca e di i ed i h e ec Lac a d L a, ea i g Ma i e a e de .
O A g 10, 1982, he RTC i ed a i f a ach e a ea a d e a e ie f e de c ai
a d i di id a e de Ma i e . A a c e e ce, he c j ga h e a d f he e Wi f id a d J efi a
Ma i e i Ba i Ca aa a , Ca ca Ci a e ied .
B c 5 Page 41 f 74
ISSUE: Ma he c j ga a e hi be he d iab e f a i de i ag ee e e e ed i b he h ba d
acc da e a hi d a ?
We ed a ea a 1969 i L S e C . . de Ga cia ha , i ac i g a a g a a e f a he , he
h ba d d e ac f he be efi f he c j ga a e hi a he be efi i c ea i e ded f a hi d a .
I A a a I e e a d De e e C ai . CA, e ed ha , if he h ba d hi e f i he i ci a b ig i
he c ac , i.e., he di ec eci ie f he e a d e ice be ed i f hi b i e fe i , he
a ac i fa i hi he e " b iga i f he be efi f he c j ga a e hi ." I he d , he e he
h ba d c ac a b iga i beha f f he fa i b i e , he e i a ega e i ha ch b iga i
ed d he be efi f he c j ga a e hi .
O he he ha d, if he e e ice a e gi e a he e e i a d he h ba d ac ed a a e
g aa , he a ac i ca b i e f be dee ed a b iga i f he be efi f he c j ga a e hi . I i f he
be efi f he i ci a deb a d f he e hi fa i . N e i i ai ed ha , he a h ba d e e
i ac ac f e acc da i ag ee e , i i f he be efi f he c j ga a e hi . P f be
e e ed e ab i h he be efi ed di g he c j ga a e hi . I he ab e ce f a h i g f be efi
ecei ed b i , he c j ga a e hi ca be he d iab e a i de i ag ee e e ec ed b he h ba d
acc da e a hi d a .
I hi ca e, he i ci a c ac , he c edi i e ag ee e be ee eii e a d e de c ai , a e f
he be efi f he a e . The acce c ac ( he i de i ag ee e ) de hich i di id a e de Ma i e
a ed he b iga i fa e f e de c ai a i i a f he a e ' be efi . Pe i i e had he
b de f i g ha he c j ga a e hi f he e Ma i e be efi ed f he a ac i . I fai ed
di cha ge ha b de .
B c 5 Page 42 f 74
5 da a e (J e 23, 1978), A ade fi ed a ac i f a i i bef e he J e i e D e ic Re a i C . Fai i g
ge E e a c e he de i ed e i i af e e ea ed de a d , A ade a c ai ed e ec e a deed f a e
e he de e i ed i f he c j ga e ih hi ife c e , i fa f La ea a D d
(e de ). A ade died N e be 5, 1978.
C e e , a ac i c e E e a gi e he c f i he deed f a e e ec ed b he A ade i fa f
La ea a a i i ed b La ea a i he RTC. The RTC ed i fa f La ea a a d de ed E e a affi he
ig a e i he deed f a e. E e a a ea ed he CA, a ai i g he a idi f he a e. The CA affi ed he RTC
deci i . He ce hi e i i .
R ling:
1) The c he d ha he a e e ec ed b A ade i in alid.
Fi , he e e e f E e a c e i a i g. Sec d , he a eged a e a a a ac f A ade b a
che a ed b he e h e e de i f de i i g he f he i he i a ce hich i ed b he ff fac :
1. A he i e f he e ec i f he deed f a e, A ade a 81 ea f a d g a e i ;
2. Whi e he deed f a e a ig ed b A ade , hi ig a e a i egib e;
3. The babi i ha he a c ci a he i e ha he ig ed he d c e a d ha eb d a ha e g ided
hi ha d i e e;
4. The ab e ce f he ig a e f b h a ie i he ac edg e i f he deed;
5. The a ia ce be ee he da e a ea i g i he deed i e f a d he ac edge e
Thi d , beca e f a f c ide a i . N i he ed b e fi a cia i ca ab e a he cha e ice,
he e i a he ce ai f he a ac a aid.
La ea a he i g f he RTC a d he CA ha he a e a a id, de i e he ab e ce f c e i ce he
di ii f he e-ha f di ided i f he c j ga a e hi e ie a i e ded ge e a e f d
c e A ade edica bi . The e i de i g ha A ade gh he c e fE ea he deed f a e a E e a
ef ed gi e i . He ef a e ed f he be ief ha he deed f a e a e ec ed i f a d f he , e he did
d a hi g i g he aid deed.
Wha a d b A ade i h E ea c e a a de e i ed ha e i he c i e ie . He
ef i ac he ha f ha e ha be g E e a. I a he ef e A ade de a dab e h a ii i e ge ha
i d ced hi e ec e he deed f a e i h he c e f E e a. The c c cede ha he c e fE ea a
e e ia f he a idi f he a e b i hi ca e, he e c e a ea ab i hhe d, he c c ai ed
e a he a ica i f he a .
B c 5 Page 43 f 74
2) The h i a e e e a e cha geable o he conj gal pa ne hip a A . 161 f he CC
The c j ga a e hi ha be iab e f :
1. A deb a d b iga i c ac ed b he h ba d f he be efi f he c j ga a e hi , a d h e c ac ed b
he ife, a f he a e e, i he ca e he e he a ega bi d he a e hi .
The be efi e i ed i he af e e i ed a ic e eed be a ified i e a e e e f ea e .I i
e gh ha he a ac i d e e di ce ib e
ad a age he c j ga a e hi , di ec i di ec . Th , he hea h a d e -bei g f b h ei he f he
e d ed d he be efi f hei c j ga a e hi .
WHEREFORE, he e i i i he eb DENIED, a d deci i f he C f A ea i AFFIRMED i . Wi h c
agai he e i i e . SO ORDERED.
H e e , he e ha i g bee e a a e i fac f e ha a ea he fi i g f he c ai , Ma e
a d hi ife fi ed e a aea e . Ma ia ad i ed ec i g a a ge he i h Ma e ; a d c ai ed ha he a
a a ab e a agge ed ba i he a i ed he Ca de a ded he i edia e a e f he f a .
B c 5 Page 44 f 74
SC R ling: YES. The e a e b h iab e f he a ade f he c ci f hei c j ga e ide ce e e
h gh he ha e bee e a a ed i fac f e ha a ea i he fi i g f he c ai . Ne e he e , he he
h ba d did ig he ac edge e .
N e n being a
ck h lde : A he chec e e ed b he e de , hich he c ai be hi ha e i he fi
f he e i i e c a e e a i he acc f he c a . H e e , he a f USD25 a d a f he
e a acc f he e i i e . A i g be e, he a he e d e hi e ha he a f USD25 a
a f ch fi beca e i a i ed b he e i i e f hi acc . If ch a a e de
ha e f he fi , he he a e h d ha e bee i ed de he acc f he c a .
A , e de fai ed b a ia e hi c ai ha he i e i ed he fi a d i c e f he c ai .
The e a h i g ha e de a a c h de f he c a . Hi a e d e a ea i he A ic e f
I c a i a d he O ga i a i a P fi e f he c a ei he a a c h de ffice .
B c 5 Page 45 f 74
I 1991, Ped g a i e a d bega eg ec hi fa i . Ma A a f ced e gage hei ab e
he fa i a d he die f he chi d e . B hi e f, Ped ffe ed e he h e a d he
he ei e i i e , Pa ci ia a d Wi f ed Ra i a. Ma A bjec ed a d ified he e i i e f he bjec i , b
Ped e he e d he h e a d he ih Ma A ' c e , a e ide ced b a Deed f Sa e 5 da ed
J e 21, 1991. I a ea he aid deed ha Ma A did ig f he a e. DcCEHI
O J 5, 1991 hi e Ma A a ide he h e a d he f chi d e e e i ch , Ped ge he i h a ed
e be f he Ci i ia A ed F ce Ge g a hica U i (CAFGU) a d ac i g i c i a ce i h e i i e 6 bega
a fe i g a hei be gi g f he h e a a a e .
Whe Ma A a d he da gh e I g id Vi a Ab i e ca e h e, he ee ed f e e i g i . The ai ed
ide he ga e i e e i g de he ai . The gh he f he Ta P ice S a i , b ice a h i ie
ef ed i e e e, a i g ha i a a fa i a e . Ma A a eged ha he i cide ca ed e , e i a d
a ie he chi d e , ch ha ef ed a ch . Th , e de Ma A a d he chi d e fi ed a
c ai f A e f Sa e, S ecific Pe f a ce, Da age a d A e ' Fee i h P e i i a Ma da
I j c i 7 agai Ped a d he ei e i i e ( he Ra i a ) i he RTC f Da a Ci .
D i g he ia , Ped dec a ed ha he h e a b i i h hi e . Pe i i e Pa ci ia Ra i a e ified ha
he b gh he h e a d f Ped
I e :
(1) Whe he he e c e ed b TCT N . T-88674 i a e c i e e f Ped c j ga e N .
(2) Whe he i a e b Ped a a id c ide i g he ab e ce f Ma A ' c e N .
I he e e ha e e i i ca aci a ed he i e ab e a ici a e i he ad i i a i f he c j ga
e ie , he he e a a e e e f ad i i a i . The e e d i c de he e f
di ii e c b a ce hich ha e he a h i f he c he i e c e f he he e. I n
he ab ence of ch a ho i o con en , he di po i ion o enc mb ance hall be oid.
B c 5 Page 46 f 74
H e e , he a ac i ha be c ed a a c i i g ffe he a f he c e i g e a d he hi d
e , a d a be e fec ed a a bi di g c ac he acce a ce b he he e a h i a i b he
c bef e he ffe i i hd a b ei he b h ffe . (E ha i ied.)
B c 5 Page 47 f 74
A e a had e e e a ce f a d i he i ce dec a ed f a e i he a e f he acc ed a d he a e
he e f a b ic a c i a ched ed. H e e , he ife f he acc ed, Me cede Ag i e de Lag i a , fi ed a i
a h he i f a ach e a e a he i f e ec i i h he a ega i ha he e e ied be ged
he c j ga a e hi a d, he ef e, c d be he d iab e f he ec ia i de i he h ba d a e i ed
a . He e i i a g a ed a d a he j dge e a ide he aid de . B Me cede fi i g a i f
ec ide a i , a hi d j dge e i ed he igi a de , dec a i g ch a ach e a d he i f e ec i he eaf e
i ed a d id. He ce hi a ea .
RULING: N , c j ga a e hi a e ca be he d a e f ci i b iga i fa ef dg i fa
ci e e he e ibi i ie f c j ga a e hi ha bee a i fied.
The applicable Ci il Code p o i ion i no lacking in e plici ne . I a e ha "Fine and indemni ie
impo ed pon ei he h band o ife ma be enfo ced again he pa ne hip a e af e he e pon ibili ie
en me a ed in a icle 161 ha e been co e ed, if he po e ho i bo nd ho ld ha e no e cl i e p ope o if i
ho ld be in fficien ."
I i ade a c di i de hi a ic e f he Ci i C de ha he e ibi i ie e e a ed i A ic e 161, c e i g
i a i he ai e a ce f he fa i a d he ed ca i f he chi d e f he e he egi i a e chi d e f e
f he a e a he b iga i f a efe e ia cha ac e , a e fi a i fied. I i h a a e ha he ega che e
ca be ce ib e he cha ge ha f a a g e i f he a b ei he h ba d ife, he e f he fa i a
be ade bea b de fa e e e e cha ac e .
In he ca e a ba , he e being no e idence p e en ed ha he conj gal pa ne hip ha a i fied he
obliga ion nde A icle 161, he ca e i emanded o he lo e co . The Ci il Code p o i ion, a h o ded,
p eci el minimi e he po ibili ha ch addi ional liabili of an acc ed o ld be ende ed n ga o . I d i g
j ice he hei f he de ed ic i , i j ice i c i ed agai he fa i f he ffe de . I i ade a
c di i de hi a ic e f he Ci i C de ha he e ibi i ie e e a ed i A ic e 161, c e i g i a i he
ai e a ce f he fa i a d he ed ca i f he chi d e f he e he egi i a e chi d e f e f he a
e a he b iga i f a efe e ia cha ac e , a e fi a i fied. I i h a a e ha he ega che e ca be
ce ib e he cha ge ha f a a g e i f he a b ei he h ba d ife, he e f he fa i a be ade
bea b de f a e e e e cha ac e . C ide i g ha he b iga i e i ed i A ic e 161 a e
ec ia i hi he edge f he h ba d f he ife h e c j ga a e hi i ade iab e, he f
e i ed f he be eficia ie f he i de i h d be f he e ac i g i d, di a c edibi i ffici g.
O he i e, he h ba d he ife, a he ca e a be, e e e i g he c j ga a e hi , a fi d he e ai
ag if i b iga i i e i ib e a defea he igh f ec e f he fa i f he ffe ded a . He ce, fi e a d
iabi i ie i c ed b a ef dg i faci e a be e f ced if he c j ga a e hi a e ha e fi
a i fied he e ibi i ie e e a ed de A ic e 161.
(d) i i g f ga b i g, FC 123
A . 123. Wha e e a be d i g he a iage i a ga e f cha ce i be i g, ee a e , a he i d f
ga b i g he he e i ed hibi ed b a , ha be b e b he e a d ha be cha ged he c j ga
a e hi b a i i g he ef ha f a f he c j ga a e hi e .
B c 5 Page 48 f 74
8. O e hi , ad i i a i a d e j e
(a) J i ad i i a i , FC 124 cf. FC 96, 142
A . 124. The ad i i a i a d e j e f he c j ga a e hi ha be g b h e j i . I ca e f
di ag ee e , he h ba d deci i ha e ai , bjec ec e he c b he ife f e e ed , hich
be a ai ed f i hi fi e ea f he da e f he c ac i e e i g ch deci i .
A . 96. The ad i i a i a d e j e f he c i e ha be g b h e j i . I ca e f
di ag ee e , he h ba d deci i ha e ai , bjec ec e he c b he ife f e e ed , hich
be a ai ed f i hi fi e ea f he da e f he c ac i e e i g ch deci i .
A . 142. The ad i i a i fa ca e fe c i e e f ei he e a be a fe ed b he c he
he e:
(1) Whe e e bec e he g a dia f he he ;
(2) Whe e e i j dicia dec a ed a ab e ee;
(3) Whe e e i e e ced a e a hich ca ie i h i ci i i e dic i ;
(4) Whe e e bec e a f gi i e f j ice i i hidi g a a acc ed i a c i i a ca e.
If he he ei a ified b ea fi c e e ce, c f ic f i e e , a he j ca e, he c ha
a i a i ab e e be he ad i i a . ( )
Af e hi ife' de a e f Ma i a, J die C ed e h e he c j ga d e i g. He a ed f he
i e a hi ace f a Sa aha g Na B i di g, a h e , e a a , a d a c e a i e. Thei da gh e He ie
C e ch a Ki g' C ege, K ada , S h C aba , b he a a he a e i e i g a h eh d
he f, a d a i g a , he h e f M . Pa e . He b he J ie a i g. He ge i e J die (J jie) a
g i g ch . He he e i e e he e .
B c 5 Page 49 f 74
S e i e i Ja a 1990, Ha ie C ea ed ha he fa he i e ded e he e ai i g e-ha f i
i c di g hei h e, f hei h e G ia g . She ea e e he he i f i g he . He he e ied ha
he a bjec i g he a e. Ha ie , h e e , did i f he fa he ab hi ; b i ead ga e he e e M .
L i i da G ia g ha he (L i i da) d ad i e he fa he .
F a i g i hei h e d b he h ba d, Gi da a c ai ed agai b L i i da G ia g a d he h ba d
A i G ia g bef e he Ba a ga a h i ie f e a i g. O Ma ch 16, 1990, he a ie he ea ig ed a d c e
f a icab e e e e . S e G ia g f ed h he a icab e e e e ih a i f he e ec i f he
a icab e e e e , fi i g he a e i h he M ici a T ia C fK ada , S h C aba . The ceedi g a e
i e di g bef e he aid c , i h he fi i g f he ca e a ba .
CA R ling: CA f d e e ib e e i he ia c ' i g ha a a ie a i e c b a ce b he h ba d f
he c j ga e ih he c e f hi ife i a d id a ided de A ic e 124 f he FC. I a
ejec ed e i i e ' c e i ha he a icab e e e e a ified aid a e, ci i g A ic e 1409 f he C de hich
e e ba a ifica i f he c ac ecified he ei , a ic a h e " hibi ed dec a ed id b a ."
The M i f Rec ide a i a i i a de ied b he a e c i i a ai ed Re i . He ce, hi e i i .
B c 5 Page 50 f 74
I he e e ha e e i i ca aci a ed he i e ab e a ici a e i he ad i i a i f he c j ga
e ie , he he e a a e e e f ad i i a i . The e e d i c de he e f
di ii e c b a ce hich ha e he a h i f he c he i e c e f he he e. In the
absence of such authorit or consent, the disposition or encumbrance shall be void. H e e , he a ac i ha be
c ed a a c i i g ffe he a f he c e i g e a d he hi d e , a d a be e fec ed a a
bi di g c ac he acce a ce b he he e a h i a i b he c bef e he ffe i i hd a b
ei he b h ffe .
I , he i f he c ac f a e i e i ed he ab e ce f i a e e de ' c e . T c i e a a id
c ac , he Ci i C de e i e he c c e ce f he f i g e e e : (1) ca e, (2) bjec , a d (3) c e , he a
e e e bei g i d bi ab ab e i he ca e a ba .
WHEREFORE, he C he eb DENIES he e i i a d AFFIRMS he cha e ged Deci i a d Re i .C
agai eii .
34. Melania Ro a . CA and An onio Ca e ano 198 SCRA 541 [1991] (Deloca io)
Doc ine: U de he Ne Ci i C de (NCC), "A . 165. The h ba d i he ad i i a f he c j ga a e hi ," i
ie f he fac ha he h ba d i i ci a e ib e f he f he ife a d he e f he fa i . If he
c j ga a e hi d e ha e e gh a e , i i he h ba d' ca i a ha i e ib e f ch , he
a a he a e . Re ibi i h d ca a h i i h i . The h ba d i a di a ad i i a , f
hi e a e e ad i i a ha igh di e f, e , he i e a ie a e he e bei g ad i i e ed, he
h ba d ca d i ce ai ca e a ed b a . He i e i ed b a e de a acc i g. Ac d e de
ad i i a i d eed he i c e f he ife.
B c 5 Page 51 f 74
O he a e , Me a ia had a ed he f ea a e i h a ea e (20) a a d i i- a f g ce
a dd g d ie f hich he had fi ed a a ica i f he c e di g Ma ' Pe i a d M ici a Lice e
hich had bee a ed i ce 1986, b he he a e ed e e i f 1986, he a e a di a ed a h
d e he c ai dged b defe da A i M. Ca e a h e a ica i f e e a f Ma ' Pe i a d
Lice e f he a e b i e f i g a f ea a e , had bee a eged ea ie a ed. The a i g a d i i ia
c ci f ai iff jec he b i e f f ea a e a d i i- a g ce a d e a d d e
hich he had i e ded eae a b he e f a d ea e he e f he e (20) a he e , he had e e
P135,000.00 f he aid c c i , i c di g a e ia a d ab , he e he had e ec ed ea a dai e i c e
i he i i a f P500.00 dai .
D e he i ega ea e c ac e e ed i be ee he he ei defe da a d he e a a f de i a i
f ai iff f e a i g he egi i a e b i e he a e f hich he i a c j ga e , ai iff ha bee
c e ed ee ed e a d e i a e he g ie a ce he c f hich he ha e gage he e ice f c e ih
h he ag eed a a a df a e ' fee he f P10,000.00; he a e i ae 20% f ha e e
da age a be a a ded he i addi i he f P500.00 e a ea a ce i c .
The CA di i ed f fai e a e a fficie ca e f ac i .
I e: Whe he a h ba d, a he ad i i a f he c j ga a e hi , a ega e e i ac ac f
ea e i i g c j ga ea e ih he edge a d c e f he ife. N .
R ling: N , he h ba d a e e i ac ac f ea e i i g c j ga e ih he edge a d
c e f he ife. E e if he h ba d i ad i i a f he c j ga a e hi , ad i i a i d e i c de ac
f e hi . F hi e he h ba d ca ad i i e he c j ga a e ha e ed, he ca a ie a e e c be he
c j ga ea .
U de A . 1643 f he Ne Ci i C de "I he ea e f hi g , e f he a ie bi d hi e f gi e a he
he e j e e f a hi g f a ice ce ai , a d f a e i d hich a be defi i e i defi i e...." Th , ea e i a
ga f ea d e i :i i ag a f e i . I he c ac f ea e, he e a fe hi igh f e
i fa f he e ee. The e ' igh f e i i ai ed, he ei . He a e e be ejec ed b he e ee if he e e
he ea ed ea . Lea e i a e c b a ce b a a a ified a ie a i , i h he e ee bec i g, f a ega
i e a d e , a d bjec i e , he e f he hi g affec ed b he ea e.
Si ce Me a ia c e ea e hei c j ga e i Q e Ci a ec ed b A i , he ha he
ega igh fi e f a ac i fa e he ea e c ac e e ed i b A i .
NOTE: O a ie a i a d e c b a ce - A a ed i B ac ' La Dic i a , he d "a ie a i " ea " he
a fe f he e a d e i f a d, e e e , he hi g f e e a he ... The ac b hich
he i e ea e a e i a i a ig ed b e e a he a d acce ed b he a e , i he f e c ibed b
a ." Whi e e c b a ce "ha bee defi ed be e e igh , i e e i , he a d hich a b i i hi d
e , he di i i f he a e f he a d, b c i e i h he a i g f he fee b he c e a ce; a (ac )
ha i ai he e a fe f e ea e a e..."
Di po i i e: PREMISES CONSIDERED, he deci i f he C f A ea i he eb SET ASIDE a d hi ca e i
he eb REMANDED he Regi a T ia c f f he ceedi g .SO ORDERED.
B c 5 Page 52 f 74
FACTS: P i a e e de Ca ia H b ia fi e a C ai f he ec e f a a ce f a d agai hi e ee ,
eii e- e A i a d A f eda D ce a. Pe i i e c ai ed e hi f he a d ba ed cc a i i ce i e
i e ia . A ce ai G i e Ab da i e e ed i he ca e.
The ia c ed i fa f he e i i e a d he i e e . The C f A ea e e ed he j dg e
a d de ed he e i i e aca e he a d he ha e ea ed. The M i f E ec i fi ed b H b ia a g a ed
b he b ic e de j dge a d a Wi f E ec i a i ed he ef . H e e , he b ic e de he iff
e e ed be c a ified i he de e i ai f ha a ic a i hich i gh be e c ded i he de i e
f he a d adj dged i fa f he ai iff.
B c 5 Page 53 f 74
U de he Famil Code, he ad i i a i f he c j ga e be g he h ba d a d he ife j i .
H e e, i e a ac f a ie a i e c b a ce he e he c e fb h e i e i ed, j i a age e
ad i i a i d e e i e ha he h ba d a d ife a a ac ge he . Each e a a id e e ci e f
e f a age e a e, bjec he i e e i f he c i e ca e a ided de A ic e 124 f he
Fa i C de. I i be ie ed ha e e de he ii f he Fa i C de, he h ba d a e c d ha e fi ed he
e i i f ce i a i a d hibi i c e he i f de i i i ed agai he c j ga e i h he C
f A ea ih bei g j i ed b hi ife. The ig i g f he a ached ce ifica e f -f h i g b he
h ba d i a fa a defec .
Wi h hi , he igning pe i ione he e made he ce ifica ion in hi behalf and ha of hi ife. The h band
ma ea onabl be p e med o ha e pe onal kno ledge of he filing o non-filing b hi ife of an ac ion o
claim imila o he pe i ion fo ce io a i and p ohibi ion gi en he no ice and legal p oce e in ol ed in a legal
p oceeding in ol ing eal p ope . The C a ee j ifiab e ea h he a a f de a e
ge he i h hi ife i f he c f a i i a ac i ceedi g hich a be fi ed. If a b d a
e dia e he ce ifica i de a i g f ha i g bee i c ec ade, i i he ife h a c cei ab d .
Pe i i e fi ed i he RTC f O a i Ci a c ai f ec e f e i a d e hi f hei c j ga
e ie i h da age . H e e , he RTC ed ha :
B c 5 Page 54 f 74
1. Vic a d E e a e e he e f he a d i h he B dega
2. O e if a d R a i e e he e f he a d i h he h e beca e he a e i h he c e f hi ife
a a d id
The CA dified hi a d ed ha f he a d i h he h e be g R a i a he ife ha e.
Fac :
1. I Ja a 1991, ea e a e b e A a aci ffe ed 2 ca ed i Pa a a e S . Re a d C ce ci
Aggaba .
2. O Feb a 2, 1991, he Aggaba e i h E e a Pa a (E e a) a he i e f he e a d h ed
he he f i gd c e :
a. e igi a c f he TCT f he 2
b. a dec a a i
c. a c f he SPA da ed Ja a 7, 1991 e ec ed b Di i i a h i i g E e a e he e .
B c 5 Page 55 f 74
3. The Aggaba aid P200,000.00 a ea e e f hich E e a e ec ed a ha d i e Recei f Ea e
M e hich i a ed ha he Aggaba d a a addi i a a e f P130, 000.00 Feb a 4,
1991; P650,000.00 bef e Feb a 15, 1991 a d P700, 000.00 Ma ch 31, 1991 ce E e a ed e
he e .
4. O Feb a 4, 1991, he Aggaba , acc a ied b he b e , e he Office f he Regi e f Deed
e if he TCT h b E e a. The e, he di c e ed ha e f he had bee e c be ed Ba c
Fi i i , b ha he e c b a ce had bee ca ce ed d e he f a e f he b iga i . The iced ha
he a a effec ed h gh a SPA e ec ed b Di i i Pa a i fa f hi ife, E e a. The he
he he ha d had a a ai fa e i i g gage i fa f L Ba R a Ba , i h he a e SPA
ihac de a h i i g E e a gage he ec e he a .
5. The Aggaba a d A a aci ( he b e ) e i i ed ab he gage a d he c de a he L Ba
R a Ba . The e, he e i h A . Za a e, h e ea ed ha he ba had a ed f he c de beca e
he i ed a c j ga e .
6. F i g hei e ifica i , he Aggaba de i e ed P130,000.00 a addi i a d a e Feb a 4,
1991; a d P650,000.00 he L Ba R a Ba Feb a 12, 1991, hich he e ea ed he e
d ica e c f TCT he .
7. O Ma ch 18, 1991, he e i i e de i e ed he fi a a f P700,000.00 E e a, h e ec ed a deed f
ab e a e i hei fa . H e e , E e a did e he e d ica e c f he TCT c ai i g ha
aid c a i he e i f a eai e h a he i H g g. She a ed he ha he e
d ica e c f TCT d be ed e af e a ee .
8. The e da , TCT a ca ce ed a d a e e a i ed i he a e f he Aggaba . E e a did e
he d ica e e c f TCT a i ed.
9. I d e i e, he Aggaba ea ed ha he d ica e e c f TCT had bee a a g i he c d f
A . Je e Z. Pa a , h a ea ed h d a SPA e ec ed b hi b he Di i i a h i i g hi e
b h .
10. A A a aci i a ce, he e i i e e Ma ch 25, 1991 i h A . Pa a a he Ma i a Pe i a. The
e e acc a ied b e A . O a de ca. The eca ed ha A . Pa a g de a ded P800,000.00 i
e cha ge f he d ica e e c f TCT, beca e A . Pa a e e e ed he c e a e f he
e be P1.5 i i . A a c e - ffe , h e e , he e de ed P250,000.00, hich A . Pa a
dec i ed, gi i g he i A i 5, 1991 decide.
11. Hea i g hi g ef he e i i e , A . Pa a decided ca he A i 5, 1991, b he i f ed
hi ha he had a ead f aid E e a.
12. Th , Di i i , h gh A . Pa a , c e ced a ac i a i g f he dec a a i f he i f he deed
f ab e a e e ec ed b Ma. E e a, a d he ca ce a i f he i e i ed he e i i e b i e he e f.
13. I , he Aggaba fi ed hei ac i f ecific e f a ce i h da age agai he e de . B h
ca e e e c ida ed f ia a d j dg e i he RTC.
I e:
1. Whe he Aggaba ac ed i g d fai h i cha i g he e ? NO
2. Which be ee A ic e 173 f he CC a d A ic e 124 f he FC h d a he a e f he c j ga e
e ec ed i h he c e f Di i i ? A . 124 of he FC
3. Whe he Ve Ca i g a ie i hi ca e? NO
B c 5 Page 56 f 74
SC R ling:
1. Thi C defi ed g d fai h a a cha e i g d fai h i e h b he e f a he , i h ice
ha e he e ha a igh , i e e i , ch e , a d a he f a d fai ice f i a he i e
f ch cha e bef e he ha ice f he c ai i ee f e he e i he e . Aggaba
h ha he i i ed i he i e f he e e b a i he e e ca aci e . The
e f e ha he a de a ded he i e c e f Di i i he a e, b e he did ee
e ide ce h ha he had ade i i ie i he ci c a ce behi d he e ec i f he SPA ed
e ec ed b Di i i i fa f Ma. E e a a d chec a N a Re b ic. A a a e f fac , A .
Da i ga i g, h c ea ed he SPA, a a h i ed ac a a N a P b ic f Ma i a d i g he e i d
1990-1991. K i g ha he e i c j ga a L Ba Ba , he i hh d he a e . I i c ea
ha he a e i a h b he e .
2. A ic e 124 f he FC a ie a d A ic e 173 f he CC. The a e a ade i 1991af e he effec i i f he
FC. The e a a i A ic e 124 f he FC beca e i i e ed ha a a ie a i e c b a ce f
c j ga e ade d i g he effec i i f he FC i g e ed b A ic e 124 f he FC. I i c ea ha he
c e f Di i i be b ai ed. I be ed a ha A ic e 254 f he FC e ea ed e i e Ti e VI i
hich he ii he e eai be ee h ba d a d ife. A ic e f 256 f he FC a ie
e ac i e ided e ed igh a e i ai ed. I hi ca e, e ed igh a e i ai ed. Di i i
c e i a igh ha he Aggaba i hd a f he ag ee e af e ici g e defec .
3. The Ve i g ca a beca e he a e i Ve i g ha e ed bef e he effec i i f he FC hi e
i hi ca e i i af e . I Ve R i g, he C i ed ha e e a ega i ha he ig a e had bee
f ged c d be ai ed i h c ea a d c i ci g f b a ia e he a ega i . I c a hi
ca e, he e ie i Di i i a h ed ha he a f he c a he i e f he e ec i f he
e i ed SPA.
(b) S e ad i i a i
(1) I ca aci , FC 124, 127, 253
A . 124. The ad i i a i a d e j e f he c j ga a e hi ha be g b h e j i . I ca e f
di ag ee e , he h ba d' deci i ha e ai , bjec ec e he c b he ife f e e ed , hich
be a ai ed f i hi fi e ea f he da e f he c ac i e e i g ch deci i .
I he e e ha e e i i ca aci a ed he i e ab e a ici a e i he ad i i a i f he c j ga
e ie , he he e a a e e e f ad i i a i . The e e d i c de di ii
e c b a ce i h a h i f he c he i e c e f he he e. I he ab e ce f ch a h i
c e , he di ii e c b a ce ha be id. H e e , he a ac i ha be c ed a a c i i g ffe
he a f he c e i g e a d he hi d e , a d a be e fec ed a a bi di g c ac he acce a ce
b he he e a h i a i b he c bef e he ffe i i hd a b ei he b h ffe .
B c 5 Page 57 f 74
A . 253. The f eg i g e i Cha e 2 a d 3 he e f ha i e i e g e a ceedi g fi ed de A ic e
41, 51, 69, 73, 96, 124 a d 127, i fa a he a e a icab e.
B c 5 Page 58 f 74
I he e e ha e e i i ca aci a ed he i e ab e a ici a e i he ad i i a i f he c j ga
e ie , he he e a a e e e f ad i i a i . The e e d i c de di ii
e c b a ce i h a h i f he c he i e c e f he he e. I he ab e ce f ch a h i
c e , he di ii e c b a ce ha be id. H e e , he a ac i ha be c ed a a c i i g ffe
he a f he c e i g e a d he hi d e , a d a be e fec ed a a bi di g c ac he acce a ce
b he he e a h i a i b he c bef e he ffe i i hd a b ei he b h ffe .
FC 125. Nei he e a d a e a c j ga a e hi e ih he c e f he he . H e e , ei he
e a , ih he c e f he he , a e de a e d a i f he c j ga a e hi e f cha i
cca i f fa i ej ici g fa i di e . (174a)
FC 97. Ei he e a di eb i f hi he i e e i he c i e .( )
38. Chee eman . IAC and E eli a Padilla 193 SCRA 93 (Ga cia)
Fac : Th a a d C i e da Chee a e e a ied Dece be 1970 b ha e bee e a a ed i ce Feb a 1981.
O J e 1974, a "Deed f Sa e a d T a fe f P e Righ " a e ec ed b A a d A a e c e i g a a ce
f egi e ed a d a d he h e he e i fa f "C i e da P. Chee a , f ega age, Fi i i ci i e , a ied
Th a Chee a . Th a , a h gh a a e f he deed, did bjec he a fe bei g ade hi ife.
B c 5 Page 59 f 74
The ac i e ed i a j dg e dec a i g oid ab ini i he a e e ec ed b C i e da Chee a i fa f E e i a M.
Padi a, a d de i g he de i e f he e Th a Chee a a ad i i a f he c j ga a e hi
e , a d he a e hi f P5,000.00 a a e ' fee a d e e e f i iga i . E e i a Padi a fi ed a
e e a eadi g Dece be 20, 1982 a he a e he c ai , a d a i f a j dg e .
B c 5 Page 60 f 74
E e a
, he e a a ed. F e e f d ab Ca i b i i g a iage. Ca i e i i f di ce a de ied.
Ca i h ba d a h ea ed fi i g a biga ca e agai he . F e e he fi ed a c ai ec e he aid
e ie a d ha he be dec a ed a a ie e f he e f e i g he a e a a b ic a c i he eb
ec e i g he cha e ice h gh he ceed f he aid ae a NCC 1416, RA 133, NCC 22. He c e d
ha : (1) He cha ed he e ie beca e f hi de i e a Ca i a d i a e he C i i . (2) He a
decei ed b Ca i he he a e fai ed di c e he e i a iage M e . (3) Ca i a aged a fe f d
f hei j i acc he acc i h he a e ba ih hi edge a d c e . Ca i , he he
ha d, de ied he a ega i a d i i ed ha he ac i ed he aid e ie i h he e a f d a e ide ced b he
deed f a e, ecei , a d ce ifica e f i e ade i he a e.
I e:
WON F e e a ec e he 3 ea e ie e he a e a b ic a c i a d ec e he e ed i
cha i g ch, c ide i g ha he deed f a e a d i e a ed Ca i a e a he b e . - NO
B c 5 Page 61 f 74
P ided, Tha aid gagee cce -i -i e e a a e e i f aid e af e defa i
acc da ce i h he e c ibed j dicia ced e f f ec e a d ecei e hi a d i ca e e ceedi g e
ea f ac a e i .
4. NCC 22 i e i e d e a i hi ca e a F e e he i e c e d . The a i ha e h d
j e ich hi e f a he e e e f a he ( e c a e i de e de e e e )d e a i hi
ca e. A ac i f ec e f ha ha bee aid i h j ca e ha bee de ig a ed a a acci i e e .
Thi d e a if, a i hi ca e, he ac i i c ibed b he C i i b he a ica i f he a i
de ic d c i e. Said bjec i ec e i f ded i ge e a i ci e f ic .
NCC 22. E e e h h gh a ac f e f a ce b a he , a he ea , ac i e c e i
e i f e hi g a he e e e f he a e ih j ega g d, ha e he a e hi .
40. Villa anda . Villa anda, G.R. No. 153447, Feb. 23, 2004 (Jimenea)
Doc ine: W ih he ife c e , he h ba d a ie a i e c b a ce f c j ga e i he
effec i i f he Fa i C de i id, b ee idab e.
B c 5 Page 62 f 74
"A ic e 166. U e he ife ha bee dec a ed a c e i a e d h if , i de ci i i e dic i i
c fi ed i a e a i , he h ba d ca a ie a e e c be a ea e f he c j ga a e hi i h
he ife' c e . . . .
Acc di g A 166, he h ba d ca a ie a e e c be a ea e f he c j ga a e hi i h he
ife c e . Thi ii be ead i c j c i i h A 173 beca e he a e a e ha a ac i a a
a ie a i e c b a ce a be i i ed b he ife d i g he a iage a d i hi 10 ea f he a ac i
e i ed. Wi h he ife c e , he h ba d a ie a i e c b a ce f c j ga e i he
effec i i f he Fa i C de i id, b ee idab e. I hi ca e, he ec d h e ide ce ha a ac i
a b gh b A a a he a fe ade b H i i hi 10 ea f he a ac i e i . The ef e, he
igh b i g a ac i i a ida e he c ac had e c ibed a d he deed i a id i a d e a ed.
Ravina v Villa-Abrille, GR No. 160708, Oct. 16, 2009 (Repeated)
41. Siochi Go on, G.R. No. 169900, Ma ch 18, 2010 (Lab ado )
Doc ine: I he ab e ce f ch a h i c e , he di ii e c b a ce ha be id. H e e , he
a ac i ha be c ed a a c i i g ffe he a f he c e i g e a d he hi d e , a d a be
e fec ed a a bi di g c ac he acce a ce b he he e a h i a i b he c bef e he ffe i
i hd a b ei he b h ffe
B c 5 Page 63 f 74
Ma i he fi ed i h he Ma ab RTC a c ai f S ecific Pe f a ce a d Da age , A e fD ai a d
Sa e, i h P e i i a Ma da a d P hibi I j c i a d/ Te a Re ai i g O de .
We fi d he e i i ih e i . Thi ca e i e he c j ga e f A f ed a d E i a. Si ce he di ii
f he e cc ed af e he effec i i f he Fa i C de, he a icab e a i he Fa i C de. A ic e 124 f he
Fa i C de. I hi ca e, A f ed a he e ad i i a f he e beca e E i a, i h h A f ed a
e a a ed i fac , a ab e a ici a e i he ad i i a i f he c j ga e .H e e ,a e ad i i a
f he e , A f ed i ca e he e ih he i e c e fE i a he a h i f he c .
Wi ho ch con en o a ho i , he ale i oid. A ega d Ma i c e i ha he Ag ee e i a c i i g
ffe hich a be e fec ed b E i a acce a ce bef e he ffe i i hd a , he fac ha he e a
be e d a ed b A f ed Wi if ed a d he d IDRI c ea i dica e ha he ffe a a ead i hd a .
A . 124. The ad i i a i a d e j e f he c j ga a e hi ha be g b h e j i . I ca e f di ag ee e ,
he h ba d' deci i ha e ai , bjec ec e he c b he ife f e e ed , hich be a ai ed f i hi
fi e ea f he da e f he c ac i e e i g ch deci i .
I he e e ha e e i i ca aci a ed he i e ab e a ici a e i he ad i i a i f he c j ga e ie , he
he e a a e e e f ad i i a i . The e po e do no incl de di po i ion o enc mb ance i ho
a ho i of he co o he i en con en of he o he po e. In he ab ence of ch a ho i o con en , he di po i ion o
enc mb ance hall be oid. Ho e e , he an ac ion hall be con ed a a con in ing offe on he pa of he con en ing
po e and he hi d pe on, and ma be pe fec ed a a binding con ac pon he accep ance b he o he po e o
a ho i a ion b he co befo e he offe i i hd a n b ei he o bo h offe o
[O he i e ] H e e , e di ag ee i h he fi di g f he CA ha he e-ha f di ided ha e f A f ed i he
e a a ead f fei ed i fa f hi da gh e Wi if ed, ba ed he i g f he Ca i e RTC i he ega
e aai ca e. The CA i c ed he i g f he Ca i e RTC ha A f ed , bei g he ffe di g e, i de i ed
f hi ha e i he e fi a d he a e i a a ded Wi if ed.
B c 5 Page 64 f 74
Wi h ega d IDRI, e ag ee i h he C f A ea i h di g ha IDRI i a b e i g d fai h. A f d b
he RTC Ma ab a d he C f A ea , IDRI had ac a edge f fac a d ci c a ce hich h d i e a
ea ab ca i e a e f he i i ie ab he e d i e he e .
Fuentes vs. Roca, G.R. No. 178902, April 21, 2010 (Repeated)
Aguete v PNB, GR 170166, April 6, 2011 (Repeated)
F he ed ha e i i e a ec ded f ec e i g he a f Ed a a he c d fi e a e a ac i
agai he . H e e , he RTC, ed ha i had j i dic i e he e a ac i hich h d be fi ed i he ace
he e he ai iff he defe da e ide i acc da ce i h Sec i 2, R e 4 f he Re i ed R e Ci i P ced e.
B anch 42 RTC: O 8 Se e be 2004, e i i e fi ed a C ai f S f M e i h Da age agai
e de . I a aff ed B a ch 42 (RTC, B a ch 42) f he Regi a T ia C f Ma i a.
B c 5 Page 65 f 74
CA: Se a ide he 22 J 2005 a d 8 Feb a 2006 O de f he RTC, B a ch 42 f ha i g bee i ed ihga e
ab e f di c e i .
I e: I he i e e ec ed b Ed a Li d a id, e e ih he c e f he h ba d?
SC R ling: NO, THE PROMISSORY NOTE EXECUTED BY EDNA LINDO IS INVALID. The ea e a e gage
e ec ed b e i i e Ed a Li d e hei c j ga e i d b ed a ac f ic d i i a d be
c e ed b he h ba d be effec i e. I he i a ca e, he ea e a e gage, ab e he a h i c e f
he h ba d, i ece a i id. I deed, he ea e a e gage i hi ca e a e ec ed Oc be 31, 1995 a d he
be e ecia e fa e da ed N e be 4, 1995 ca be ade e ac Oc be 31, 1995 a ida e
he gage e i ade b e i i e .
A . 124. The ad i i a i a d e j e f he c j ga a e hi e ha be g b h e j i . I ca e f
di ag ee e , he h ba d deci i ha e ai , bjec ec e he c b he ife f e e ed , hich be
a ai ed f i hi fi e ea f he da e f c ac i e e i g ch deci i .
I he e e ha e e i i ca aci a ed he i e ab e a ici a e i he ad i i a i f he c j ga
e ie , he he e a a e e e f ad i i a i . The e e d i c de di ii
e c b a ce i h a h i f he c he i e c e f he he e. I he ab e ce f ch a h i
c e he di ii e c b a ce ha be id. Ho e e , he an ac ion hall be con ed a a con in ing
offe on he pa of he con en ing po e and he hi d pe on, and ma be pe fec ed a a binding con ac pon
he accep ance b he o he po e o a ho i a ion b he co befo e he offe i i hd a n b ei he o bo h
offe o . (E ha i ied)
A ic e 124 f he Fa i C de f hich a ie c j ga a e hi e ,i a e d ci f A ic e 96 f he
Fa i C de hich a ie c i e .
B c 5 Page 66 f 74
B hA ic e 96 a d A ic e 127 f he Fa i C de ide ha he e d i c de di ii e c b a ce
ih he i e c e f he he e. A di ii e c b a ce i h he i e c e ha be id.
H e e , b h ii a a e ha " he a ac i ha be c ed a a c i i g ffe he a f he
c e i g ea d he hi d e , and ma be pe fec ed a a binding con ac pon he accep ance b he o he
po e bef e he ffe i i hd a b ei he b h ffe ."
B c 5 Page 67 f 74
10. Effec f aba d e , FC 128 cf. FC 101
A . 128. If a e ih j ca e aba d he he fai c i h hi he b iga i he fa i , he
agg ie ed e a eii he c f ecei e hi , f j dicia e a a i f e , f a h i be he e
ad i i a f he c j ga a e hi e , bjec ch eca i a c di i a he c a i e.
The b iga i he fa i e i ed i he ecedi g a ag a h efe aia, ae a e eai .
A e i dee ed ha e aba d ed he he he he he ha ef he c j ga d e i g i h i e i f
e i g. The e h ha ef he c j ga d e i g f a e i d f h ee h ha fai ed i hi he a e e i d
gi e a i f ai a hi he he eab ha be i a facie e ed ha e i e i f e i g he
c j ga d e i g.
B c 5 Page 68 f 74
Whe ef e, he e i i a g a ed a d i fa f he e i i e a d ha he c de ed he c j ga e f he
e be di ided be ee he , ha e a d ha e a i e. The di i i i be i e e ed af e he de e i a i fa
he e ie e ai i g he aid c j ga a e hi i c di g h e ha a ha e bee i ega egi e ed i he
a e f he e .
B c 5 Page 69 f 74
A . 43. The e i a i f he b e e a iage efe ed i he ecedi g A ic e ha d ce he ff effec :
(2) The ab ec i f e he c j ga a e hi , a he ca e a be, ha be di ed a d i ida ed,
b if ei he ec ac ed aid a iage i bad fai h, hi he ha e f he e fi f he c i e
c j ga a e hi e ha be f fei ed i fa f he c chi d e , if he e a e e, he chi d e f he
g i eb a e i a iage i defa f chi d e , he i ce e
A . 138. Af e di i f he ab e c i f he c j ga a e hi , he ii c ee
e aai f e ha a .
B c 5 Page 70 f 74
(4) The deb a d b iga i f he c j ga a e hi ha be aid f he c j ga a e . I ca e f i fficie c
f aid a e , he e ha be ida i iab e f he aid ba a ce i h hei e a a e e ie , i acc da ce
i h he ii f a ag a h (2) f A ic e 121.
(5) Wha e e e ai f he e c i e e ie f he e ha he eaf e be de i e ed each f he .
(6) U e he e had bee i de ified f ha e e ce, he de e i a i f ab e ed f he
be efi f he fa i , be gi g ei he e, e e d e f i e e , ha be aid aid ef he
c j ga f d , if a .
(7) The e e ai de f he c j ga a e hi e ie ha c i e he fi , hich ha be di ided e a
be ee h ba d a d ife, e a diffe e i di i i a ag eed i he a iage e e e e
he e ha bee a a ai e f fei e f ch ha e a ided i hi C de.
(8) The e i e egi i e f he c chi d e ha be de i e ed he a i i i acc da ce i h A ic e 51.
(9) I he a i i f he e ie , he c j ga d e i g a d he hich i i i a ed ha , e he i e ag eed
b he a ie , be adj dica ed he e ih h he aj i f he c chi d e ch e e ai .
Chi d e be he age f e e ea a e dee ed ha e ch e he he , e he c ha decided he i e. I
ca e he e i ch aj i , he c ha decide, a i g i c ide a i he be i e e f aid chi d e .
R ling: N , he ca ai e he e e e i ab he a e. I d be fai f he ai e he a g e i hi
e i i i he g i e f e i i g he b e e i e e ai de f he RTC.
She ca e i he a idi f a e beca e he he e f aid ha hi a agai a e di g ca e i he CA a d he ef e
ca be bjec he e i i he ei .
B c 5 Page 71 f 74
I ca e ha e e e ie , i ida e a d di ide h e, he gi e he d e i g he e i h he chi d e . If
ha e ha e e , ha e e a d i ida e ha . T a ea g h , he he h e d i g
he i ida i age he ade e e i i e i i g he a idi f a e, e c, h i g he c d i e FC 129 agai
ge he h e.
Cabre a v Cabre a, GR 181962, Januar 16, 2012 (Repeated)
B c 5 Page 72 f 74
15. S d i g CPG i ida i , FC 133
A . 133. F he c a f e ha be gi e he i i g ea d he chi d e d i g he
i ida i f he i e ied e a d i ha be g he i de i e ed; b f hi ha be ded c ed ha
a ecei ed f hich e ceed he f i e e ai i g he .
B c 5 Page 73 f 74
Si ce he ii f he Ci i C de, a b a i e a , gi e he i i g ea d he chi d e he igh ecei e
d i g he i ida i f he e a e f he decea ed, ch igh ca be i ai ed b R e 83 Sec. 3 f he R e
fC hich i a ced a e. Be i ed h e e ha i h e ec " e," he a e be he " egi i a e
e" ( c -a e h a e he he f he chi d e he e).
I i e ha he M i f A a ce a g a ed b e de C ih hea i g. The ec d h ha he
"M i f A a ce" da ed J e 30, 1982 c ai a Notice of Hearing add e ed he a e f he e i i e a d
e i g he hea i g he e f J 8, 1982 a 9:00 i he i g. A a e ac f aid i a d ecei ed b
he a e , A . Be a a he fi ed a ii he e he a e da e f hea i g f he i . F he e e e he
i a e i i ad i ha he a d , ( e i i e a d i a e e de a e e e ed b hei e ec i e g a dia )
"ha e bee g a ed a a ce f ch e e e f ab 8 ea ." The e de c i g a i g he i
f a a ce e e "f ed he precedent f he c hich g a ed a similar motion last ear." H e e i e i
ea (1979-1981) he " a d " ( e i i e a d i a e e de ) ecei ed P1,500.00 each de e di g he
a ai abi i f f d a g a ed b he c i e e a de .
B c 5 Page 74 f 74