Laporan Kriteria Desain

Sertifikasi Desain Bendungan Bagong Kabupaten Trenggalek (Lanjutan)

KATA PENGANTAR

Berdasarkan Kontrak Kerja antara PPK Perencanaan dan Program, Satuan Kerja Balai Besar Wilayah
Sungai Brantas, dengan PT. Mettana No. Kontrak No. : IK.02.04-Am.PPK-PP/12/2018, tanggal 15
Mei 2018 tentang pelaksanaan Pekerjaan Sertifikasi Desain Bendungan Bagong Kabupaten
Trenggalek (Lanjutan), berikut ini kami sampaikan:

LAPORAN KRITERIA DESAIN

Laporan Kriteria Desain ini berisi tentang metodologi yang digunakan dalam perencanaan
bangunan utama dan bangunan pelengkap Bendungan Bagong. Laporan ini dituangkan dalam 8
(delapan) bab, yang disusun sebagai berikut:
Bab I Pendahuluan
Bab II Survey Topografi dan Investigasi Geologi
Bab III Analisis Hidrologi
Bab IV Material Bendungan
Bab V Bendungan dan Pondasi
Bab VI Perencanaan Hidrolika
Bab VII Material Konstruksi
Bab VIII Perencanaan Konstruksi

Ucapan terima kasih disampaikan kepada semua pihak atas bantuan data dan informasi yang
telah diberikan. Demikian laporan ini kami sampaikan untuk dapat dijadikan acuan dalam
pelaksanaan pekerjaan selanjutnya.

Bandung, Agustus 2018

PT. Mettana

Ir. Hariadi Poerwito, MT

Ketua Tim

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DAFTAR ISI

KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................................... i

DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................................... ii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................................... vi
DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................................................. viii

BAB I P E N D A H U L U A N ........................................................................................... I-1

1.1 UMUM ............................................................................................................................................... I-1
1.2 LATAR BELAKANG PEKERJAAN ................................................................................................ I-1
1.3 MAKSUD DAN TUJUAN .............................................................................................................. I-2
1.4 STANDAR DAN REFERENSI YANG DIGUNAKAN ............................................................... I-2
1.5 LOKASI PEKERJAAN ...................................................................................................................... I-3
1.6 LINGKUP KEGIATAN ..................................................................................................................... I-6
1.7 KRITERIA PERENCANAAN SECARA UMUM ......................................................................... I-6
1.7.1 Banjir Rencana ....................................................................................................................... I-6
1.7.2 Kondisi Pembebanan dan Faktor Keamanan ............................................................. I-7

BAB II SURVEY TOPOGRAFI DAN INVESTIGASI GEOLOGI .......................................... II-1

2.1 KRITERIA PEKERJAAN SURVEY TOPOGRAFI ....................................................................... II-1
2.2. KRITERIA INVESTIGASI GEOLOGI, PENGUJIAN LABORATORIUM DAN MATERIAL
KONSTRUKSI .................................................................................................................................. II-3
2.2.1 Kriteria Investigasi Geologi dan Pengujian Laboratorium ................................... II-3
2.2.2 Kriteria Investigasi Material Konstruksi dan Pengujian Laboratorium ............ II-8

BAB III ANALISIS HIDROLOGI ....................................................................................... III-1

3.1 UMUM ............................................................................................................................................. III-1
3.2 ANALISIS DEBIT ALIRAN RENDAH (LOW FLOW ANALYSIS) ....................................... III-1
3.2.1. Analisa Model Tangki (Tank Model) ........................................................................... III-2
3.2.2 Perhitungan Debit Andalan ............................................................................................ III-3
3.3 ANALISIS HUJAN RANCANGAN ............................................................................................ III-3
3.3.1 Sistematika Pembahasan................................................................................................. III-3
3.3.2 Pengumpulan data ............................................................................................................ III-4
3.3.3 Uji Konsistensi Data ........................................................................................................... III-4
3.3.4 Curah Hujan Daerah Maksimum Tahunan................................................................ III-4
3.3.5 Analisa Distribusi Frekuensi ............................................................................................ III-4

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3.3.6 Hujan Netto Hujan Jam-jaman .................................................................................. III-10

3.4 CURAH HUJAN MAKSIMUM (PROBABLE MAXIMUM PRECIPITATION, PMP) ... III-11
3.5 HIDROGRAF BANJIR ................................................................................................................ III-11
3.5.1 Hidrograf Satuan Sintetik Nakayasu ........................................................................ III-12
3.5.2 Hidrograf Satuan Sintetik Snyder.............................................................................. III-14
3.6 HIDROGRAF BANJIR RANCANGAN ................................................................................... III-15
3.7 FORMULASI EMPIRIS CREAGER .......................................................................................... III-15
3.8 BANJIR DESAIN PADA BANGUNAN PELENGKAP ......................................................... III-15
3.9 SEDIMENTASI ............................................................................................................................. III-16
3.9.1 Metode Meyer Peter Muller (MPM) ......................................................................... III-16
3.9.2 Metode USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) ........................................................ III-17
3.10 KEBUTUHAN AIR BAKU .......................................................................................................... III-19
3.11 TAMPUNGAN EFEKTIF WADUK .......................................................................................... III-20
3.11.1 Simulasi Tampungan...................................................................................................... III-21
3.11.2 Kegagalan pada Analisa Simulasi Tampungan .................................................... III-21

BAB IV MATERIAL BENDUNGAN.................................................................................. IV-1

4.1 KUALITAS DAN KUANTITAS MATERIAL YANG TERSEDIA ........................................... IV-1
4.2 MATERIAL TIMBUNAN ............................................................................................................. IV-1
4.3 MATERIAL ZONA KEDAP AIR ................................................................................................. IV-1
4.4 MATERIAL PASIR DAN KERIKIL (FILTER/TRANSISI) ........................................................ IV-3
4.5 MATERIAL BATU.......................................................................................................................... IV-5
4.6 MATERIAL RIP-RAP .................................................................................................................... IV-6

BAB V BENDUNGAN DAN PONDASI ............................................................................ V-1

5.1 KRITERIA PEMILIHAN TIPE BENDUNGAN ........................................................................... V-1
5.2 KRITERIA DESAIN BENDUNGAN ............................................................................................. V-1
5.3 PENCEGAHAN TERHADAP KEGAGALAN HIDROLIK ........................................................ V-2
5.3.1 Tinggi Jagaan (Free Board) .............................................................................................. V-2
5.3.2 Penurunan yang Diizinkan ............................................................................................... V-5
5.3.3 Kamber .................................................................................................................................... V-5
5.3.4 Lebar Puncak Bendungan ................................................................................................ V-6
5.3.5 Pelapisan Puncak Bendungan ........................................................................................ V-6
5.3.6 Perlindungan Lereng.......................................................................................................... V-6
5.4 PENCEGAHAN TERHADAP ALIRAN FILTRASI..................................................................... V-6
5.4.1 Pola Garis Rembesan ......................................................................................................... V-7
5.4.2 Kapasitas Aliran Filtrasi ..................................................................................................... V-8
5.4.3 Gejala-Gejala Sufosi (Piping) dan Sembulan (Boiling) .......................................... V-9
5.5 KOEFISIEN GEMPA .................................................................................................................... V-10

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5.5.1 Koefisien Gempa untuk Stabilitas Bendungan ...................................................... V-10

5.6 ANALISIS STABILITAS LERENG.............................................................................................. V-12
5.6.1 Metode Irisan Bidang Luncur ...................................................................................... V-12
5.6.2 Metode Irisan Bidang Luncur Kombinasi ................................................................ V-14
5.7 BATUAN PONDASI .................................................................................................................... V-16
5.7.1 Kriteria .................................................................................................................................. V-16
5.7.2 Parameter Pondasi Batuan ........................................................................................... V-17
5.8 INSTRUMENTASI BENDUNGAN........................................................................................... V-18
5.8.1 Pore Water Pressure........................................................................................................ V-18
5.8.2 Pisometer ............................................................................................................................ V-18
5.8.3 Seepage Water Measuring Device (V-Notch) ....................................................... V-18
5.8.4 Crest Setlement Survey Point ...................................................................................... V-19
5.8.5 Surface Setlement Survey Points................................................................................ V-19
5.8.6 Observation Well .............................................................................................................. V-19
5.8.7 Peil Scale .............................................................................................................................. V-19
5.8.8 Pencatat Hujan Harian.................................................................................................... V-19

BAB VI PERENCANAAN HIDROLIKA ............................................................................ VI-1

6.1 BANGUNAN PENGELAK ........................................................................................................... VI-1
6.1.1 Kapasitas Terowongan Pengelak ................................................................................ VI-1
6.1.2 Penelusuran Banjir Melalui Terowongan Pengelak .............................................. VI-8
6.2 BANGUNAN PELIMPAH ........................................................................................................... VI-8
6.2.1 Penelusuran Banjir ............................................................................................................ VI-8
6.2.2 Detail Ambang Pelimpah ............................................................................................... VI-9
6.2.3 Debit Yang Melintasi Ambang ................................................................................... VI-10
6.2.4 Saluran Transisi ................................................................................................................ VI-11
6.2.5 Saluran Peluncur .............................................................................................................. VI-12
6.2.6 Peredam Energi................................................................................................................ VI-14
6.2.7 Outlet Channel ................................................................................................................. VI-16
6.3 PERHITUNGAN HIDROLIKA BANGUNAN PENGAMBILAN ....................................... VI-16
6.3.1 Umum .................................................................................................................................. VI-16
6.3.2 Perhitungan Hidrolika.................................................................................................... VI-16

BAB VII MATERIAL KONSTRUKSI ................................................................................ VII-1

7.1 MATERIAL KONSTRUKSI ......................................................................................................... VII-1
7.2 TEGANGAN YANG DIIZINKAN ............................................................................................. VII-1
7.2.1 Beton ..................................................................................................................................... VII-1
7.2.2 Baja Konstruksi .................................................................................................................. VII-1
7.2.3 Baja Tulangan .................................................................................................................... VII-3

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BAB VIII PERENCANAAN KONSTRUKSI ..................................................................... VIII-1

8.1 KONSTRUKSI BANGUNAN PELIMPAH ............................................................................. VIII-1
8.1.1 Beban Mati dan Beban Hidup .................................................................................... VIII-1
8.1.2 Kondisi Pembesian.......................................................................................................... VIII-1
8.1.3 Tekanan Tanah ................................................................................................................. VIII-2
8.1.4 Analisa Stabilitas .............................................................................................................. VIII-3
8.1.5 Penentuan Tebal Lantai Bangunan Pengelak ....................................................... VIII-4
8.1.6 Analisa Tegangan ............................................................................................................ VIII-5
8.1.7 Perhitungan Penulangan .............................................................................................. VIII-5
8.1.8 Panjang Penyaluran Tulangan Baja .......................................................................... VIII-6
8.2 KONSTRUKSI TEROWONGAN PENGELAK....................................................................... VIII-7
8.2.1 Kondisi Pembebanan ..................................................................................................... VIII-7
8.2.2 Perhitungan Pembebanan pada Terowong Pengelak....................................... VIII-8
8.2.3 Perhitungan Konstruksi Pengelak ...........................................................................VIII-10
8.3 BANGUNAN PENGAMBILAN .............................................................................................VIII-10
8.3.1 Beban Mati dan Beban Hidup ..................................................................................VIII-10
8.3.2 Kondisi Pembebanan ...................................................................................................VIII-11
8.3.3 Tekanan Tanah yang Bekerja ....................................................................................VIII-11
8.3.4 Tekanan Air ......................................................................................................................VIII-11
8.3.5 Analisa Stabilitas ............................................................................................................VIII-12
8.4 HIDROMEKANIKAL ................................................................................................................VIII-12
8.4.1 Standar dan Spesifikasi yang Dipakai....................................................................VIII-12
8.4.2 Saringan (Trash Rack) ..................................................................................................VIII-13
8.4.3 Stop Log (Emergency Gate) ......................................................................................VIII-13
8.4.4 Perhitungan Perencanaan Pintu ..............................................................................VIII-13
8.5 JALAN MASUK .........................................................................................................................VIII-15
8.5.1 Umum ................................................................................................................................VIII-15
8.5.2 Alinemen Horisontal ....................................................................................................VIII-15
8.5.3 Alinemen Vertikal ..........................................................................................................VIII-19
8.5.4 Kriteria Perencanaan Perkerasan Jalan..................................................................VIII-20
8.6 JEMBATAN INSPEKSI .............................................................................................................VIII-20
8.6.1 Pelat Lantai Kendaraan ...............................................................................................VIII-21
8.6.2 Tiang Sandaran ..............................................................................................................VIII-24
8.6.3 Kerb ....................................................................................................................................VIII-25
8.6.4 Pelat Trotoar....................................................................................................................VIII-25
8.6.5 Gelagar ..............................................................................................................................VIII-26

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1. 1 Lokasi Rencana Sertifikasi Desain Bendungan Bagong pada WS Brantas,

Provinsi Jawa Timur.......................................................................................................... I-4
Gambar 1. 2 Lokasi Pekerjaan pada Peta Rupa Bumi Indonesia (RBI) Skala 1:25.000 .. I-5
Gambar 3. 1 Contoh Model Tangki (1).............................................................................................. III-2
Gambar 3. 2 Contoh Model Tangki (1).............................................................................................. III-3
Gambar 3. 3 Ilustrasi Hidrograf Satuan Sintetik Nakayasu ..................................................... III-13
Gambar 3. 4 Ilustrasi Hidrograf Satuan Sintetik Snyder .......................................................... III-14
Gambar 4. 1 Karakteristik Bahan untuk Zona Kedap Air ........................................................... IV-2
Gambar 4. 2 Karakteristik Bahan untuk Zona Transisi ................................................................ IV-5
Gambar 5. 1 Ilustrasi Pola Garis Rembesan ...................................................................................... V-7
Gambar 5. 2 Gambar Hubungan antara Sudut Bidang Singgung (α) dengan ................. V-8
Gambar 5. 3 Distribusi Faktor Gaya Gempa .................................................................................. V-12
Gambar 5. 4 Karakteristik Bidang Luncur ....................................................................................... V-14
Gambar 5. 5 Bidang Longsor Wedge............................................................................................... V-15
Gambar 5. 6 Bidang Longsor pada Bendungan dengan Pondasi yang Lemah ............... V-15
Gambar 6. 1 Karakteristik Aliran pada Penampang Lingkaran ................................................ VI-2
Gambar 6. 2 Diagram Kondisi Aliran Tekan.................................................................................... VI-3
Gambar 6. 3 Skema Ambang Pelimpah ........................................................................................... VI-9
Gambar 6. 4 Gambar Bentuk Ambang Pelimpah Ogee ........................................................... VI-10
Gambar 6. 5 Model Hidrolika pada Kemiringan Dasar Saluran yang Curam .................. VI-13
Gambar 6. 6 Skema Bagian Berbentuk Terompet dari Saluran Peluncur pada Bangunan
Pelimpah .......................................................................................................................... VI-14
Gambar 6. 7 Skema Kolam Olakan Datar Tipe II ........................................................................ VI-15
Gambar 6. 8 Gambar Hubungan antara Tailwater Rating Curve dengan Ketinggian
Loncatan Hidrolik.......................................................................................................... VI-16
Gambar 8. 1 Skema Tekanan Tanah Aktif .................................................................................... VIII-3
Gambar 8. 2 Ilustrasi Tekanan Air Eksternal ................................................................................ VIII-9
Gambar 8. 3 Ilustrasi Tekanan Air Internal ................................................................................... VIII-9
Gambar 8. 4 Besarnya Tekanan Hidrostatis pada Pintu ....................................................... VIII-14
Gambar 8. 5 Bentuk Lengkung Lingkaran Sederhana .......................................................... VIII-17
Gambar 8. 6 Bentuk Lengkung Spiral-Lengkung-Spiral ...................................................... VIII-18
Gambar 8. 7 Lapisan Perkerasan Selebar Badan Jalan ......................................................... VIII-20
Gambar 8. 8 Beban “T” ..................................................................................................................... VIII-22
Gambar 8. 9 Distribusi Beban pada Lantai................................................................................ VIII-22

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Gambar 8. 10 Distribusi Koefisien Momen Lapangan dan Tumpuan ............................... VIII-23

Gambar 8. 11 Kondisi Pembebanan pada Kondisi 1 ............................................................... VIII-23
Gambar 8. 12 Kondisi Pembebanan pada Kondisi 2 ............................................................... VIII-23
Gambar 8. 13 Kondisi Pembebanan pada Kondisi 3 ............................................................... VIII-24
Gambar 8. 14 Kondisi Pembebanan pada Kondisi 4 ............................................................... VIII-24
Gambar 8. 15 Kondisi Pembebanan pada Tiang Sandaran................................................... VIII-25
Gambar 8. 16 Kondisi Pembebanan pada Kerb......................................................................... VIII-25
Gambar 8. 17 Kondisi Pembebanan pada Pelat Trotoar ........................................................ VIII-26
Gambar 8. 18 Kondisi Sebaran Beban Hidup pada Lantai Jembatan ................................ VIII-27
Gambar 8. 19 Kondisi Pembebanan Akibat Pengaruh Angin .............................................. VIII-28

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2. 1 Batas/Limitasi Kesalahan Sipat Datar ........................................................................ II-3

Tabel 2. 2 Investigasi Uji Material Bendungan Tipe Urugan ................................................. II-9
Tabel 3. 1 Syarat Pemilihan Distribusi Frekuensi .....................................................................III-9
Tabel 3. 2 Reduced Variate Sebagai Periode Ulang T ...........................................................III-9
Tabel 3. 3 Reduced Mean Yn ..........................................................................................................III-9
Tabel 3. 4 Reduced Standard Deviation Sn ...............................................................................III-9
Tabel 3. 5 Faktor Frekuensi untuk Distribusi Log Pearson Type III Koefisien Asimetri, Cs
Negatif ............................................................................................................................. III-10
Tabel 3. 6 Faktor Frekuensi untuk Distribusi Log Pearson Type III Koefisien Asimetri, Cs
Positif................................................................................................................................ III-10
Tabel 3. 7 Patokan Banjir Desain dan Kapasitas Pelimpah ............................................... III-16
Tabel 3. 8 Proyeksi Konsumsi per Orang per Hari ............................................................... III-20
Tabel 4. 1 Hubungan Antara Jenis Tanah Dasar dan Kriteria Filter .................................. IV-4
Tabel 4. 2 Properties and Relative Desirability of Materials for Various Users and
Suitability of Soil Material ........................................................................................... IV-7
Tabel 5. 1 Tinggi Jagaan untuk Bendungan ................................................................................ V-3
Tabel 5. 2 Hubungan Kecepatan Angin di Atas Daratan dan di Atas Air ......................... V-4
Tabel 5. 3 Faktor Koreksi Pengaruh Jenis Tanah/Batuan..................................................... V-10
Tabel 5. 4 Periode Ulang dan Percepatan Dasar Gempa .................................................... V-10
Tabel 5. 5 Faktor Lokasi.................................................................................................................... V-11
Tabel 5. 6 Faktor Konstruksi ........................................................................................................... V-11
Tabel 5. 7 Faktor Pondasi ................................................................................................................ V-11
Tabel 5. 8 Kondisi dan Kombinasi Beban serta Faktor Keamanan Minimum .............. V-16
Tabel 5. 9 Klasifikasi Kualitas Batuan Pondasi ......................................................................... V-18
Tabel 5. 10 Korelasi Sifat Massa Batuan ....................................................................................... V-20
Tabel 6. 1 Nilai Koefisien Kekasaran Manning ......................................................................... VI-2
Tabel 6. 2 Tabel Koefisien Kehilangan Tinggi Akibat Pelebaran........................................ VI-7
Tabel 7. 1 Berat Jenis Material Konstruksi................................................................................. VII-1
Tabel 7. 2 Tegangan-tegangan Beton yang Diizinkan ......................................................... VII-2
Tabel 7. 3 Tegangan-tegangan Baja Tulangan yang Diizinkan......................................... VII-3
Tabel 7. 4 Diameter dan Berat Baja Tulangan yang Diprofilkan ....................................... VII-3
Tabel 8. 1 Berat Jenis Bahan Bangunan (Beton, Pasir dan Air) ......................................... VIII-1
Tabel 8. 2 Panjang Penyaluran Dasar ( ) ................................................................................... VIII-6
Tabel 8. 3 Faktor Modifikasi .......................................................................................................... VIII-7

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Tabel 8. 4 Faktor Modifikasi .......................................................................................................... VIII-7

Tabel 8. 5 External Load (Terzaghi): ............................................................................................ VIII-8
Tabel 8. 6 Kenaikan Tegangan Izin ...........................................................................................VIII-10
Tabel 8. 7 Berat Jenis Bahan Bangunan (Beton, Baja dan Air) ........................................VIII-10
Tabel 8. 8 Besarnya Lendutan yang Diizinkan ......................................................................VIII-15

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