Project Spreadsheets to BS 8110 & EC2 REINFORCED CONCRETE COUNCIL

Client Advisory Group Made by Date Page

Location FIRSTF LOOR - corner panel F to G: 1 to 2 RMW 07-Nov-2019 130
2-WAY SPANNING INSITU CONCRETE SLABS to BS 8110:1997 (Table 3.14) Checked Revision Job No
Originated from RCC94.xls on CD © 1999 BCA for RCC chg - R68

DIMENSIONS MATERIALS STATUS Fails on MAX SPACING,

short span, lx m 4.15 fcu N/mm² 20 gc = 1.50 F G
long span, ly m 6.35 fy N/mm² 460 gs = 1.05 Edge 1

Lx = 4.15 m
h mm 150 Density kN/m³ 24 1
Top cover mm 25 (Normal weight concrete) Plan
Btm cover mm 25

Edge 4

Edge 2
LOADING characteristic EDGE CONDITIONS
Self weight kN/m² 3.60 Edge 1 C C = Continuous
Extra dead kN/m² 2.72 Edge 2 C D = Discontinuous Ly = 6.35 m
Total Dead, gk kN/m² 6.32 gf= 1.40 Edge 3 D
Imposed, qk kN/m² 2.00 gf= 1.60 Edge 4 C 2
Design load, n kN/m² 12.05 See Figure 3.8 and clauses 3.5.3.5-6 Edge 3

SHORT LONG EDGE 1 EDGE 2 EDGE 3 EDGE 4 BS8110

MAIN STEEL SPAN SPAN Continuous Continuous Free Continuous Reference
ßs 0.055 0.028 0.074 0.037 0.000 0.037 Table 3.14
M kNm/m 11.5 5.7 15.4 7.6 0.0 7.6
d mm 119.0 107.0 119.0 107.0 119.0 107.0
k' 0.156 0.156 0.156 0.156 0.156 0.156
k 0.041 0.025 0.054 0.033 0.000 0.033
Z mm 113.1 101.7 111.3 101.7 113.1 101.7 3.4.4.4
As req mm²/m 232 128 315 171 0 171
As min mm²/m 195 195 195 195 195 195 Table 3.25
As deflection mm²/m 232 128 ~ ~ ~ ~
Ø mm 12 12 12 12 12 12
Layer B1 B2 T1 T2 T1 T2
@ mm 475 875 350 575 575 575
As prov mm²/m 238 129 323 197 197 197
= % 0.200 0.121 0.272 0.184 0.165 0.184 %
S max mm 369 333 369 333 369 333 Clause
Subclause (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) 3.12.11.2.7
DEFLECTION
fs 299 304 299 266 0 266 Eqn 8
Mod factor 1.414 Eqn 7
Perm L/d 36.76 Actual L/d 34.87 As enhanced 0.0% for deflection control Table 3.10

TORSION STEEL BOTH EDGES DISCONTINUOUS ONE EDGE DISCONTINUOUS

Ø mm 12 X Y X Y
As req mm²/m 5000 195 195 3.5.3.5
As prov T mm²/m 5000 197 197
Additional As T req mm²/m 0 0 0 0
As prov B mm²/m 238 129 238 129
Bottom steel not curtailed in edge strips at free edges

SUPPORT REACTIONS (kN/m char uno) (See Figure 3.10) Sum ßvx = 0.863 Table 3.15
EDGE 1 EDGE 2 EDGE 3 EDGE 4 Sum ßvy = 0.720
1, F-G G, 2-1 2, F-G F, 2-1 equations
ßv 0.518 0.360 0.345 0.360 19 & 20
Dead kN/m 13.58 9.44 9.05 9.44
Imposed kN/m 4.30 2.99 2.86 2.99
Vs kN/m 25.9 18.0 17.3 18.0
OUTPUT/SUMMARY
SHORT LONG EDGE 1 EDGE 2 EDGE 3 EDGE 4
PROVIDE SPAN SPAN 1, F-G G, 2-1 2, F-G F, 2-1
MAIN STEEL T12 @ 475 B1 T12 @ 875 B2 T12 @ 350 T1 T12 @ 575 T2 T12 @ 575 T1 T12 @ 575 T2

ADDITIONAL 0 CORNER 2 CORNER 3 CORNER 4

TORSION STEEL 0 G1 G2 F2
X direction 0 placed in edge strips
Y direction 0

CHECKS BAR Ø SINGLY MIN MAX GLOBAL

Lx > Ly < COVER REINFORCED SPACING SPACING DEFLECTION STATUS
OK OK OK OK FAILS OK Fails on MAX SPACING,
REFERENCECALCULATIONS OUTPUT
1.0 Design data
1.1 Loads:
BS
6399:Part1,1
996 -Imposed load : roof with no acess 0.75kN/m2
: typical floor 2.0kN/m2
-Floor finish + partition walls 2.5kN/m2
-Density of building blocks 20kN/m3
-Double coat plaster 0.22kN/m2
-Partition walls (150mm thick) load 2.5kN/m2
-Site Location Mwanhuzi, Meatu
1.2 Characteristic strength of materials:
-Characteristic strength of concrete, f 25N/mm2
cu
-Characteris410/250N/mm2
y
-Shear stre40kN/m2
-Density o 20kN/m3
-Soil beari 200kN/m2
-Density of24kN/m3
1.3 Size of members and specifications:
-Thickness150mm
-Concrete c25mm
-Concrete 50mm
-Size of be250x450mm
- Columns 300x300mm
-Thickness230mm
-Storey hei3.25m
1.4 StrucR. C. Frames with
solid block wall infill
1.5 Relevant design codes:
-Dead and BI S 6399 :Part 1,1996
-Imposed roBS 6399: Part 3, 1988
-ReinforcedBS 8110: Part 1, 1997
and struct/ICE R.C manual,1985
-Bar bendi BS 8666, 2005

REFERENCECALCULATIONS OUTPUT
2.0 Design of Roof Beam
Struct/ICE
R.C
manual,198
5 2.1 Preliminary member sizing:
Table 4 Span/effective depth ratio for initial design of continous beams =
=
Span of Longest beam =Bxx
Min. effective depth = Span/15=
Assume dia. of main bars =
Cover to main reinforcement =
Overall beam depth (h) = d+c+Dia./2
=
say
Table 2 Miminum beam width =

2.2 Load anaysis:

Consider beam B1 A=
Conc. Unit weight =
Dead Load:
Self weight
Roofing weight:
CIS Assume 0.15
Timber Assume 1.00
Roof weight

Total Characteristic Dead Load =

Imposed Load =
Critical Load combination Assume: 1.4DL + 1.6IL
Design Load (Qd)=

2.3 Analysis of Continous Roof Beam (B1-R):

REFERENCE
2.4 Design of Hogging Moment Steel:
Effective depth, d = 450 - 25 - 16/2 =
fy = 410 MPa
f cu = 25 MPa
(3.4.4.4) K' = 0.156
Mu = 24.18 kNm
K= 0.022
Lever arm, z= 0.95d=
Area of steel, As
As= Mu /0.95fyz =
Table 3.25 As,min= 0.24% bh
Provide 2Y16 TOP an

2.5 Shear Control:

Maximum Shear Force = V =
bv = 250 mm
v= V/bv d
Table 3.8 vc = 0.46 MPa
Table 3.7 0.5vc (0.23MPa) < v(0.25MPa) < (vc + 0.4
Asv /Sv = (0.4bv Sv /0.95fyv )
using dia. 12 mm stirupps, Asv = 150mm2
Sv =

2.6 Deflection Control:

(Eqtn 8) fs = 2/3 x 410 x 148 /402 = 101N/mm²
(Table 3.11) Comp mod factor = 1 + 0.386 /(3 + 0.386) = 1.114 < 1.
(Table 3.10)
(3.4.6.3) Permissible L/d = 26.0 x 1.114 x 2.000 = 57.924
(3.4.6.1) Actual L/d = 4920 /417.0 = 11.799 ok
2.7 Crack Control:
cl. 3.12.11 Spacing of bars < 3d or 750mm whichever is less

Sv = 300mm < 750mm ………………………………. O.k.

REFERENCECALCULATIONS OUTPUT
3.0 Design of First Floor Slab
Struct/ICE
R.C
manual,19 NOTE: Slab Panel A is assumed to be crically loaded:

5
3.1 Preliminary member sizing:
Table 4 Span/effective depth ratio for initial design of continous slabs =
= 40
Longer span (ly ) = 5.65
Shorter span (lx ) = 3.23
Min. effec 80.8
Assume dia. of main bars = 12
Cover to main reinforcement = 25
Overall beam depth (h) = d+c+Dia./2
= 111.75
say 150
3.2 Load anaysis:
 Conc. Unit weight = 24
Dead Load:
Self weight 3.6
Double coat plaster and tiling 0.22
Partitions (position unknown) 2.5
Total characteristic dead load 6.32
Imposed Load = 2.50

Critical Load combination Assume: 1.4DL + 1.6IL

Design Load (Qd) = 12.85

3.3 Determination of Internal actions:

Edge 1

Ly = 5.65 m

Edge 3

REFERENCE
EDGE CONDITIONS
Edge 1 C
Edge 2 C
Edge 3 C
Edge 4 D
Slab classific (ly /lx )

Bending Moment and Shear coefficient

Table 3.14 & bsx,supp -0.063
Table 3.15 bsx,span 0.047
bsy,supp -0.037
bsy,span 0.028
Msx , supp= 2
b sx,supp nl x
Msx , span= 2
b sx,span nl x
Msy , supp= 2
b sy,supp nl x
Msy , span= 2
b sy,span nl x
At all supports adopt Mu=
In all span Mu=
3.4 Design of Moment Steel:
 Effective deptd = 150 - 25 - 12/2 =
b=
fy = 410 MPa
f cu = 25 MPa
K' = 0.156
Mu = 8.44 kNm
K= 0.024
Singly R.C. Section

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS
3.5 Shear Control:
Shear forces and shear resistance:
At position 2
Vsx = 20.75 kN
bv = 1000 mm
v= V/bv d 0.17
Table 7 & v c =
At positions 1,3
Vsx = 14.94 kNm
bv = 1000 mm
v= V/bv d 0.17
vc =
3.5 Deflection Control:
(Eqtn 8) fs = 2/3 x 410 x 192 /402 = 130.6N/mm²
(Table 3.10) Modification factor = 0.55 + (477 - 130.6) /120 /(0.9 +
(3.4.6.3) Permissible L/d = 26.0 x 2.000 = 52
(3.4.6.1) Actual L/d = 3230/107=30.187………. O.k
3.6 Crack Control:
cl. 3.12.11 Spacing of bars (Sv ) < 3d or 750mm whichever is less
3d = 3x107 = 321mm

Sv = 300mm < 321mm ………………………………. O.k.

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS
4.0 Design of First Floor Beams
4.1 CRITICALLY LOADED EDGE BEAM (B1)
4.1.1 Load anaysis:
Consider beam B1 at First Floor l
Conc. Unit weight =
Dead Load:
Self weight
Self weight of walls
Loads from slabs:
 For Spans A-B, B-C, C-D, D-E, E-F:
Adopt Lx = 3.23 m Ly =
α = Ly/Lx 1.69
Slab dead loa6.32 kN/m2
but q = 0.5 n lx
qz = 0.625qlx
Total characteristic dead load =
Total characteristic live load =
Critical Load combination
Design Load (Qd)=
For span F-G:
Adopt Lx = 2.73 m Ly =
α = Ly/Lx 1.80
qz = q[1-1/(2α2) + 1/(8α3)]

Self weight
Self weight of walls
Total characteristic dead load =
Total characteristic live load =
Critical Load combination
Design Load (Qd)=

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS
4.1.2 Analysis of FRAME - 01:
From analysis:
Max.Sagging=
Max.Hogging=
Max.Shear Fo=
4.1.3 Design of Sagging Moment Steel:
Effective depth, d = 450 - 25 - 16
The beam is designed as a L-Beam:
fy = 410 MPa
f cu = 25 MPa
(3.4.4.4) K' = 0.156
Mu = 54.43 kNm
Cl. 3.4.1.5 where l
b eff = b w z
= 250 + 3440/10= 594mm
Check position of N.A
MRc = 0.447fcu hf bf (d-hf /2)
= 0.447x25x150x5
Since MRProvide
2Y16 Top and
K= 0.021 <

Lever arm, z= 0.95d= 396.2 mm

Area of steel, As
As= Mu /0.95fyz =
Table 3.25 bw /b = 0.421>0.40
As,min= 0.24% bwh

Provide 2Y16 TOP and BOTTOM in ALL SPANS (As = 402mm2 )

REFERENCE
4.1.4 Shear Control:
Shear forces and shear resistance:
Vsx = 102.00 kN
bv = 250 mm
v= V/bv d
Table 7 & 8 vc =
Since (vc+ 0.4) < v < 0.8 fcu or 5 N/mm2
Asv  bv Sv (v - 0.4)/0.95fyv
Using 12mm dia. Stirrups,

Sv = 370.17 mm

PROVIDE Rc/
4.1.5 Deflection Control:
(Eqtn 8) fs = 2/3 x 410 x 288/402 = 196N/mm²
(Table 3.10)
cl.3.4.6.3 Permissible L/d = 20.8x 2= 41.6
cl. 3.4.6.1 Actual L/d = 4920 /417.0 = 11.799 ok
4.1.6 Crack Control:
cl. 3.12.11 Spacing of bars (Sv ) < 3d or 750mm whichever is less
3d = 3x417= 1251mm
Sv = 200mm < 750mm …………………………
4.2.1 Design of Hogging Moment Steel:
Effective depth, d = 450 - 25 - 16/2 =
The beam is designed as a L-Beam:
= 410 MPa
fy
f cu = 25 MPa
cl. 3.4.4.4 K' = 0.156
Mu = 79.62 kNm
REFERENCE CALCULATIONS
K= 0.073 <

z = d(0.5= 417x0.911 = 380mm

Area of steel, As

As= Mu /0.95fyz = 537.937 mProvide 3Y16 TOP

(As = 603mm2)
As,min= 0.24% bh 270 mm2
and
Provide 3Y16 TOP (As = 603mm2 ) IN ALL SUPPORTS
and 2Y16-BOTTOM
2Y16-BOTTOM (As = 402mm2) (As = 402mm2)
4.2.2 Shear Control:
PROVIDEc/ STIRRUPS
c

4.1.5 Deflection Control:

(Eqtn 8) fs = 2/3 x 410 x 526/603 = 238.43N/mm²
(Table 3.10Modification factor = 0.55 + (477 - 238.43)/120 /(0.9 +1.832) = 1.278
(3.4.6.3) Permissible L/d = 20.8x 1.278= 26.576
(3.4.6.1) Actual L/d = 4920 /417.0 = 11.799 ok
4.1.6 Crack Control:
cl. 3.12.11 Spacing of bars (Sv ) < 3d or 750mm whichever is less
3d = 3x417= 1251mm
Sv = 200mm < 750mm ………………………………. O.k.

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS
4.2 CRITICALLY LOADED INTERIOR BEAM (B2)
4.2.1 Load anaysis:
Consider beam B2 at First Floor l
Conc. Unit we=
Loads from slabs:
Trapezoidal loadings in all spans
Adopt Lx = 3.23 m
α = Ly/Lx 1.75
qz = q[1-1/(2α2) + 1

Total characteristic D
Self weight
Self weight of walls
 Total characteristic live lo
Critical Load combination
Design Load (Qd)=
4.2.2 Analysis of FRAME - 02:
From analysis:
Max.Sagging=
Max.Hogging=
Max.Shear Fo=
4.1.3 Design of Sagging Moment Steel:
Effective depth, d = 450 - 25 - 16/2 =
The beam is designed as a T-Beam:
fy = 410 MPa
f cu = 25 MPa
Cl.3.4.4.4 K' = 0.156
Mu = 97.28 kNm

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS
Cl. 3.4.1.5 b eff = b w +l z /5;
= 250 + 3955/5= 1041mm
Check position of N.A
MRc = 0.447fcu hf bf (d-hf /2)
= 0.447x25x150x1041(4
Since MRc(340kNm > Mu(97.28kNm); N.A li
K= 0.021 <
z = 0.95d = 0.95x417 =
Area of steel, As
As= Mu /0.95fyz =

As,min= 0.24% bh

Provide 4Y16 BOTTOM in ALL SPANS (As = 8

and
2Y16-TOP IN ALL SPANS (As = 402mm2)
4.1.4 Shear Control:
Shear forces and shear resistance:

Vsx = 184.60 kNm

bv = 250 mm
v= V/bv d 1.77
Table 7 & 8 vc =
 Since (vc+ 0.4) < v < 0.8 fcu or 5 N/mm2
Asv  bv Sv (v - 0.4)/0.95fyv
Using 12mm dia. Stirrups,
Sv = 156.72 mm

PROVIDE R12-150mmc/c THROUGHOUT THE BEAM SPAN

REFERENCE
4.1.5 Deflection Control:
(Eqtn 8) fs = 2/3 x 410 x 631/804 = 215N/mm²
M/bd2 = 2.24
(Table 3.10)
(3.4.6.3) Permissible L/d = 20.8x 1.278= 25.903
(3.4.6.1) Actual L/d = 5650/417.0 = 13.549 ok
4.1.6 Crack Control:
cl. 3.12.11 Spacing of bars (Sv ) < 3d or 750mm whichever is less
3d = 3x417= 1251mm
Sv = 150mm < 750mm …………………………
4.2.1 Design of Hogging Moment Steel:
Effective depth, d = 450 - 25 - 16/2 =
The beam is designed as a L-Beam:
fy = 410 MPa
f cu = 25 MPa
cl. 3.4.4.4 K' = 0.156
Mu = 188.57 kNm
K= 0.174

As1 =K'fcu bd2 /[0.95fy (0.775d)]

As1 = 1,346.89 mm2
As2 =(K-K')fcu bd2) /[0.95fy (d-d')]
As1 = 127.22 mm2
Total Area of ste
=1,346.89 + 12

As,min=

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS
4.2.2 Shear Control:
PROVIDE Rc/
 4.1.5 Deflection Control:
(Eqtn 8) fs = 2/3 x 410 x 1474/1885 = 213.7N/mm²
M/bd2 = 4.34
(Table 3.10) Modification factor = 0.55 + (477 - 213.7)/120 /(0.9 +4.34) = 0.969
(3.4.6.3) Permissible L/d = 20.8x 0.969= 20.15
(3.4.6.1) Actual L/d = 5650/417.0 = 13.549 ok
4.1.6 Crack Control:
cl. 3.12.11 Spacing of bars (Sv ) < 3d or 750mm whichever is less
3d = 3x417= 1251mm

Sv = 1500mm < 750mm ………………………………. O.k.

pth ratio for initial design of continous beams =
15
5.65 m
depth = Span/15= 0.377
16 mm
25 mm

### mm Adopt overall depth(mm) =

450 mm 450
250 mm Adopt overall depth(mm) =
250

0.113 m2
24 kN/m3

2.7 kN/m

kN/m2
kN/m
1.42 kN/m Design Load (Qd)
in kN/m=
4.12 kN/m
9.17
2.12 kN/m
ume: 1.4DL + 1.6IL
9.17 kN/m

CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
Hogging Moment Steel:
= 450 - 25 - 16/2 = 417 mm

< 0.156 Singly R.C. Section

396.2 mm

148.85851 mm2
 270 mm2
vide 2Y16 TOP an (As = 402mm2 ) Provide
2Y16 Top and
Bottom
ar Force = V = 26.03 kN (As = 402mm2)
d= 417 mm
0.25 MPa < 0.8 fcu = 4.0MPa O.k

vc (0.23MPa) < v(0.25MPa) < (vc + 0.4 = 0.86MPa)

bv Sv /0.95fyv )
mm stirupps, Asv = 150mm2 Provide stirrups =
### R12-300c/c
Provide R12-300c /c throughout the beam length

8 /402 = 101N/mm²
mp mod factor = 1 + 0.386 /(3 + 0.386) = 1.114 < 1.5
Modification factor = 0.55 + (477 - 101) /120 /(0.9 + 0.556) = 2.702>2
missible L/d = 26.0 x 1.114 x 2.000 = 57.924
0 /417.0 = 11.799 ok

cing of bars < 3d or 750mm whichever is less

pth ratio for initial design of continous slabs =

m
m

mm
mm
th (h) = d+c+Dia./2
mm Adopt overall depth(mm) =
mm 150
 kN/m3

kN/m2
kN/m2
kN/m2
kN/m2
kN/m2
Design Load (Qd)
in kN/m=
kN/m 12.85

CALCULATIONS

C = Continuous
D = Discontinuous

= 1.75 < 2.00

The slab is two way spanning with one short edge discontinous
and Shear coefficient
bvx,cont 0.5
bvy,cont 0.36
bvy,discont 0.24

-8.44 kNm

6.30 kNm

-4.96 kNm

3.75 kNm

8.44
6.30
Moment Steel:
150 - 25 - 12/2 = 119 mm
1000 mm

< 0.156

OUTPUT

shear resistance:

d = 119 mm
MPa < 0.8 fcu = 4.0MPa O.k
0.645 Mpa > v, No shear reinforcement is required

d = 107 mm
MPa < 0.8 fcu = 4.0MPa O.k
0.693 Mpa > v, No shear reinforcement is required

2 /402 = 130.6N/mm²
ification factor = 0.55 + (477 - 130.6) /120 /(0.9 + 0.556) = 2.53>2
26.0 x 2.000 = 52
0/107=30.187………. O.k

Sv ) < 3d or 750mm whichever is less

OUTPUT
Design of First Floor Beams
CRITICALLY LOADED EDGE BEAM (B1)

A= 0.08 m2
24 kN/m3

1.80 kN/m
14.95 kN/m
 B-C, C-D, D-E, E-F:
5.46 m

6.38 kN/m
ristic dead load = 23.13 kN/m
ristic live load = 2.52 kN/m
Assume: 1.4DL + 1.6IL
36.42 kN/m

4.92 m

but q = 0.5 n lx
7.48 kN/m
1.80 kN/m
14.95 kN/m
ristic dead load =24.23 kN/m
ristic live load = 2.96 kN/m
Assume: 1.4DL + 1.6IL
38.66 kN/m

OUTPUT
of FRAME - 01:

54.43 kNm
79.62 kNm
102 kN
f Sagging Moment Steel:
417 mm
ned as a L-Beam:

= 0.7x4.92 =3.44m

/10= 594mm

u hf bf (d-hf /2)
340kNm
 0.156 Singly R.CBottom in
all spans

335.11573 mm2

270 mm2

= 402mm2 )

CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

shear resistance:

d= 417 mm
0.98 MPa < 0.8 fcu = 4.0MPa O.k
0.454 Mpa < v, Shear reinforcement is required
v < 0.8 fcu or 5 N/mm2

Provide Links
R12-200c/c
throughout beam
c THROUGHOUT THE BEAM SPAN span

8/402 = 196N/mm²
Modification factor = 0.55 + (477 - 196) /120 /(0.9 +0.527) = 2.191> 2

0 /417.0 = 11.799 ok

Sv ) < 3d or 750mm whichever is less

= 200mm < 750mm ………………………………. O.k.

f Hogging Moment Steel:
= 450 - 25 - 16/2 = 417 mm
ned as a L-Beam:
b= 250 mm
 OUTPUT
0.156
Singly R.C. Section

= 603mm2)

= 402mm2)

6/603 = 238.43N/mm²
.9 +1.832) = 1.278

OUTPUT
CRITICALLY LOADED INTERIOR BEAM (B2)

A= 0.08 m2
24 kN/m3

pezoidal loadings in all spans

Ly = 5.65 m

but q = 2x0.5 n lx
17.56 kN/m
al characteristic D 17.56 kN/m
1.80 kN/m
14.95 kN/m
 34.31 kN/m
l characteristic live lo 6.87 kN/m
Assume: 1.4DL + 1.6IL
59.02 kN/m
of FRAME - 02:

97.28 kNm
188.57 kNm
184.6 kN
f Sagging Moment Steel:
= 450 - 25 - 16/2 = 417 mm
ned as a T-Beam:

OUTPUT
where lz = 0.7x5.65 =3.955m
/5= 1041mm

u hf bf (d-hf /2)
47x25x150x1041(4 395kNm
ce MRc(340kNm > Mu(97.28kNm); N.A lies within the flange and the beam
0.156 Singly R.C. Section
= 396.15 mm

Mu /0.95fyz = 630.458 mm2 Provide 2Y16 TOP

(As = 402mm2)
270 mm2
and
vide 4Y16 BOTTOM in ALL SPANS (As = 804mm2 )
4Y16-BOTTOM
6-TOP IN ALL SPANS (As = 402mm2) (As = 804mm2)

shear resistance:
Provide Links
R12-150c/c
throughout beam
d= 417 mm span
MPa < 0.8 fcu = 4.0MPa O.k
0.454 Mpa < v, Shear reinforcement is required
 v < 0.8 fcu or 5 N/mm2

CALCULATIONS
5 Deflection Control:
3 x 410 x 631/804 = 215N/mm²

Modification factor = 0.55 + (477 - 215)/120 /(0.9 +2.24) = 1.245

missible L/d = 20.8x 1.278= 25.903
ual L/d = 5650/417.0 = 13.549 ok

cing of bars (Sv ) < 3d or 750mm whichever is less

= 150mm < 750mm ………………………………. O.k.

1 Design of Hogging Moment Steel:
ctive depth, d = 450 - 25 - 16/2 = 417 mm
beam is designed as a L-Beam:
b= 250

> 0.156
Doubly R.C. Section
=K'fcu bd2 /[0.95fy (0.775d)]

=(K-K')fcu bd2) /[0.95fy (d-d')]

s = As1 + As2
= 1,474.11 mm2

0.24% bh 270 mm2

Provide 6Y20 TOP (As = 1885mm2 ) IN ALL SUPPORTS

and
2Y16-BOTTOM (As = 402mm2)

OUTPUT

c STIRRUPS
74/1885 = 213.7N/mm²

or = 0.55 + (477 - 213.7)/120 /(0.9 +4.34) = 0.969

20.8x 0.969= 20.15
0/417.0 = 13.549 ok

Sv ) < 3d or 750mm whichever is less

 OUTPUT

kNm
kNm
 OUTPUT

mm

Provide 6Y20 TOP

(As = 1885mm2)

and

2Y16-BOTTOM
(As = 402mm2)
 STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE MEMBERS
REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
1.0 Basic Design Data
1.1 Loads:
BS 6399-1:1996
(Table 1) Code of practice for dead and imposed loads typical floor 2.0 kN/m2

BS 6399-3:
1988 roof with no acess 0.6 kN/m2
-Floor finish + partition walls 2.5 kN/m2
-Density of building blocks 20 kN/m3
-Double coat plaster 0.22 kN/m2
-Partition walls (150mm thick) 2.5 kN/m2
-Site Location Lushoto, Tanga

1.2 Characteristic strength of materials:

-Characteristic strength of concrete, fcu 25 N/mm2
-Characteristic strength of steel, fy 460 N/mm2
-Shear strength of soil 25 kN/m2
-Density of masonry walls (230mm thick) 20 kN/m3
-Soil bearing pressure (assumed) 150 kN/m3
-Density of concrete 24 kN/m3
1.3 Size of members and specifications:
-Thickness of floor slab 150 mm
-Concrete cover for slabs and beams 25 mm
-Concrete cover for columns and foundations 50 mm
- Columns size 250x250 mm
-Thickness of load bearing masonry walls 230 mm
-Storey height 3.00 m

1.4 Structural system:

R. C. Frames with
solid block wall
infill

1.5 Relevant design codes:

-Dead and Imposed floor load analysis BS 6399 :Part 1,1996
-Imposed roof load analysis BS 6399: Part 3, 1988
-Reinforced concrete design BS 8110: Part 1, 1997
 and Struct/ICE
R.C
Manual,1985
-Bar bending and scheduling BS 8666, 2005
REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
2.0 Design of First Floor Slab

NOTE: Slab Panel 3 is assumed to be crically loaded:

2.1 Preliminary member sizing:

Struct/ICE
R.C Manual, Span/effective depth ratio for initial design of
40
1985 continous slabs
Table 3
Longer span (ly ) = 6350 mm
Shorter span (lx ) = 4150 mm

Min. effective depth = Span/40 = lx/40 103.8 mm

Assume dia. of main bars = 12 mm
Cover to main reinforcement = 25 mm
Overall slab depth (h) = d+c+Dia./2 134.75 mm Overall slab deprh =

150 mm 150 mm
2.2 Load anaysis:
Conc. Unit weight 24 kN/m3
Dead Load:
Self weight 3.6 kN/m2
Double coat plaster and tiling 0.22 kN/m2
Partitions (position unknown) 2.5 kN/m2
Total characteristic dead load (DL) 6.32 kN/m2
Imposed Load (IL)= 2.0 kN/m2

Critical Load combination Assume: 1.4DL + 1.6IL Design Load (n)

Design Load (n) 12.05 kN/m2 12.05 kN/m2

2.3 Determination of Internal actions:

ly = 6350mm
EDGE 1
lx = 4150mm

EDGE 2
EDGE 4

EDGE 3
 EDGE 3

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

EDGE CONDITIONS
C = Continuous
D = Discontinuous
Edge 1 C
Edge 2 C
Edge 3 D
Edge 4 C

Slab classification (ly/lx) = (6450mm/415 1.53 < 2.00

Two way spanning slab with one long edge discontinous
BS 8110:1-1997
Table 3.14 & Bending Moment and Shear coefficients
Table 3.15 βsx,supp -0.073
βsx,span 0.055
βsy,supp -0.037
βsy,span 0.028

βvx,cont 0.51
βvx,discont 0.34
βvy,cont 0.36
βvy,discont -

Msx , supp= βsx,suppnlx2 -15.15 kNm

Msx , span= βsx,spannlx2 11.41 kNm

Msy , supp= βsy,suppnlx2 -7.68 kNm

Msy , span= βsy,spannlx2 5.81 kNm

At all supports adopt Mu= 15.15 kNm

In all spans adopt Mu= 11.41 kNm

2.4 Design of Moment Steel:

2.4.1 Design of Main Re-bar for Hogging Moment Steel at
all Supports
Effective depth, d = h - c- Diam. Main bar/2
dx = 119 mm
 Design slab width (b) = 1000 mm

fy = 460 Mpa
REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
fcu = 25 Mpa
K' = 0.156
Mu = 15.15 kNm

K= 0.0428 < 0.156

Singly R.C. Section
Lever Arm, z =
Since K (0.04279) < 0.043 the z = 0.95d = 113 mm 113 mm

Area of reinforcement (As)

307 mm2

Provide Y12-250mm c/c (As prov= 452mm2/m)

BS 8110:1-1997 Check minimum area of steel

Table 3.25 For Rectangular section, Minimum Area of steel, As, min =

From which As, min = 195 mm2

Provide Y12-
Since As, min (195mm2) < As, calc (452mm2) then 250mm c/c -T1
adopt As = 452mm2/m (As = 452mm2/m)

Deflection Control

Equation 8 fs = 2/3 x 460 x 307 /452 = N/mm² 208 mm2

Table 3.10 Modification factor (M.f)

Equation 7

= 1.69
(3.4.6.3) Permissible L/d = 26.0 x 1.69 = 43.94
(3.4.6.1) Actual L/d = 4150/119 = 34.97 < 43.94 ………. O.k
REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
2.4.2 Design of Main Re-bar for SaggingMoment Steel
Effective depth, d = h - c- Diam. Main bar/2
dx = 119 mm
Design slab width (b) = 1000 mm

fy = 460 Mpa
fcu = 25 Mpa
K' = 0.156
Mu = 11.41 kNm

Singly R.C.
K= 0.0322 < 0.156 Section
Lever Arm, z =
Since K (0.04279) < 0.043 then z = 0.95d = 113 mm 113 mm

Area of reinforcement (As)

231 mm2

Provide Y12-250mm c/c (As prov= 452mm2/m)

Check minimum area of steel

For Rectangular section, Minimum Area of steel, As, min =

From which As, min = 2 195 mm2

Since As, min (195mm ) < As, calc (452mm2) then
adopt As = 452mm2/m

BS 8110:1-1997 Deflection Control

Equation 8 fs = 2/3 x 460 x 307 /452 = N/mm² 157 mm2

Table 3.10 Modification factor (M.f)

Equation 7

Provide Y12-
= 1.69 250mm c/c -B1
(As = 452mm2/m)
(3.4.6.3) Permissible L/d = 26.0 x 1.69 = 43.94
(3.4.6.1) Actual L/d = 4150/119 = 34.97 < 43.94 ……..O.k

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

BS 8110:1-1997 Shear Control:
Table 3.16 Shear forces and shear resistance:
At position 1
Vsx = 0.34(12.05kN/m2)(4.15m) = 17.0 kN

At positions 2,4
Vsx = 0.51(12.05kN/m2)(4.15m) = 25.5 kN
Adopt Critical Shear Force 25.5 kN
bv = 1000 mm
v = V/bv d 0.21 Mpa
v (0.21Mpa) < 0.8 √fcu = 4.0MPa ……………………. O.k
vc = 0.78 Mpa > v, No shear reinforcement is required

Crack Control:
Spacing of bars < 3d or 750mm whichever is less
3d = 3x119 = 357mm > 200mm ………………………….. O.k

2.4.2 Design of Span Distribution Re-bar

Effective depth, d = h - c- Diam. Main bar-Diam. Main bar/2
dy = 107 mm
Design slab width (b) = 1000 mm

fy = 460 Mpa
fcu = 25 Mpa
K' = 0.156
Mu = 5.81 kNm

K= 0.0203 < 0.156 Singly R.C.

Singly R.C. Section Section
Lever Arm, z =
Since K (0.04279) < 0.043 then z = 0.95d = 102 mm 102 mm

Area of reinforcement (As)

 131 mm2

Provide Y12-300mm c/c (As prov= 377mm2/m) Provide Y12-

300mm c/c -B2
(As = 377mm2/m)

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Check minimum area of steel

For Rectangular section, Minimum Area of steel, As, min =

From which As, min = 195 mm2

Since As, min (195mm2) < As, calc (377mm2), then

adopt As = 377mm2/m
2.4.3 Design of Distribution Re-bar at all Supports
Effective depth, d = h - c- Diam. of Main Bar-Diam. Dist.bar/2
d= 107 mm
Design slab width (b) = 1000 mm

fy = 460 Mpa
fcu = 25 Mpa
K' = 0.156
Mu = 7.68 kNm

K= 0.027 < 0.156

Singly R.C. Section
Lever Arm, z =
Since K (0.027) < 0.043 then z = 0.95d = 102 mm 102 mm

Area of reinforcement (As)

173 mm2

Provide Y12-300mm c/c (As prov= 377mm2/m)

Provide Y12-
Check minimum area of steel 300mm c/c -T2
(As = 377mm2/m)
 Provide Y12-
300mm c/c -T2
(As = 377mm2/m)

BS 8110:1-1997 For Rectangular section, Minimum Area of steel, As, min =

Table 3.25

From which As, min = 195 mm2

Since As, min (195mm2) < As, calc (377mm2) then

adopt As = 377mm2/m
REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
3.0 Design of First Floor Beam
BEAM B9 at FIRST FLOOR LEVEL
3.1 Load Analysis:
Consider Span A-B:
Beam size 0.25 m
0.30 m
Cross section Area, A 0.075 m2
Concrete unit weight 24.00 kN/m3

a) Chractristic dead loads

Beam self weight
Self weight of wall: 1.80 kN/m
thickness = 0.23 m
height = 3.00 m

density = 20.00 kN/m3

Thus self weight of walls: 13.80 kN/m

Loads from slabs:

For Slab Panel 3
lx = 4070.00 mm
ly = 4150.00 mm
α = ly/lx = 1.02

Slab dead load = n (as calculated above) 6.32 kN/m2 =

- Equivalent triangular loading is obained as:

0.625 x 0.5nlx = 8.04 kN/m

For Slab Panel 6

- Equivalent trapezoidal loading is obtained as:
 ly = 4070.00 mm
lx = 2150.00 mm
α = ly/lx = 1.89

5.97 kN/m

Total characteristic dead load

(triangular + trapezoidal) = 29.61 kN/m

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

b) Chractristic imposed loads
Slab imposed load = nimp (as calculated above) 2.00 kN/m2 =
- Equivalent triangular loading from Panel 3 is
obtained as: 0.625 x 0.5nlx =
1.34 kN/m
- Equivalent trapezoidal loading is obtained as:

1.89

Dead load from slab (triangular + trapezoidal) 3.23 kN/m

Total characteristic imposed load = 3.23 kN/m Design Load in
span A-B
Design load for span A-B: =
Critical load combination: Assume 1.4DL + 1.6IL 46.63 kN/m 46.63 kN/m

Consider Span B-F:

Beam size 0.25 m
0.30 m
Cross section Area, A 0.075 m2
Concrete unit weight 24.00 kN/m3

a) Chractristic dead loads

Beam self weight 1.80 kN/m
Self weight of wall:
thickness = 0.23 m
height = 3.00 m
density = 20.00 kN/m3
Thus self weight of walls: 13.80 kN/m

Loads from slabs:

 For Panel 2: lx = 4150.00 mm
ly = 6350.00 mm
α = ly/lx = 1.53

Slab dead load = n (as calculated above) 6.32 kN/m2 =

- Equivalent trapezoidal loading from Panel 4 is

obained as: 13.11 kN/m

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

For Panel 7: lx = 3800.00 mm
ly = 4795.00 mm
α = ly/lx = 1.26
- Equivalent trapezoidal loading is obtained as:
12.01 kN/m

Total characteristic imposed load = 25.12 kN/m

Total characteristic dead load = 25.12 kN/m

b) Chractristic imposed loads

Slab imposed load = nimp (as calculated above) 2.0 kN/m2 =

- Equivalent trapezoidal loading from slab panel 4 is

obtained as:
4.15 kN/m

- Equivalent trapezoidal loading from slab panel 4 is

obtained as:
3.8 kN/m

Total characteristic imposed load = 7.95 kN/m Design Load in

span B-F
Design load for span B-F: =
Critical load combination: Assume 1.4DL + 1.6IL 47.89 kN/m 47.89 kN/m

For Span F-G:

 Slab Panel 8
Since the area of slab panel 8 is very small as comared
to other panels, then, assume Design Load equal to that
in span B-F =
47.89 kN/m Design Load in
span F-G
=
47.89 kN/m

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

From Load analysis of the substitute frame:

Maximum Sagging Moment: 114.552 kNm

Maximum Hogging Moment: 144.425 kNm
Maximum Shear Force: 157.566 kN

3.2 Design of Sagging Moment Steel:

The beam is to be designed as Flanged (T) section

BS 8110:1-1997 -Determination of effective flange width, (hf):

Clause 3.4.1.5 For a T-Beam, the flange effective width, (b) should be taken as:-

● bw + 0.2lz or
● The actual flange width or whicever is less

lz = the diatance between points of zero moments along the span of the
beam
From which lz = 5579 mm
 bw = 250 mm

Now bf = b = 1365.8 mm
b=
say 1365 mm 1365 mm

Overall beam depth, (h) = 450 mm

Flange depth, (hf) = 150 mm

-Determination of Moment of resistance of the Flange (Mf)

Assume:
Diameter of main bars = 16 mm
Cover to main re-bar = 25 mm
Characteristic stregth of main re-bar 460 N/mm2
REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
Characteristic stregth of concrete 25 N/mm 2

now d = h - c - Diam. Main re-bar/2 = 417 mm d=

417 mm

= 787.776 kNm Mf =
787.776 kNm
Since M(114.55kNm) < Mf(787.78kNm) then, N.A lies within the
flange and the beam is designed as Singly Reinforced Section

= 0.019

Since K (0.019) < 0.043 then z = 0.95d = 396 mm

Area of reinforcement (As)

662 mm2

Provide 4Y16 (As prov= 804mm2)

Check minimum area of steel

For Flanged Section, Minimum Area of steel, As, min =

 From which As, min = 292.5 mm2
Since As, min (292.5mm2) < As, calc (662mm2) then
adopt As = 4Y16

Shear Control:
Shear forces and shear resistance:

V = 157.6 kN
bv = 250 mm
Clause3.4.5.3 v = V/bv d 1.51 Mpa
v (1.51Mpa) < 0.8 √fcu = 4.0MPa ……………………. O.k

Table 3.10 0.54 MPa

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Table 3.10 0.27 MPa

Since (0.5vc=0.27MPa) < (v = 1.51MPa) < (vc + 0.4 = 0.94MPa)

thus , provide minimum links for the whole length of the beam such that;

From which spacing of links (Sv) is given as:

Let fyv = 250 Mpa

Diam of link = 10 mm

Therefore, Sv = 373 mm
say 300 mm

BS 8110:1-1997 Deflection Control

Equation 8 fs = 2/3 x 460 x 662/804 = N/mm² 252 mm2

Table 3.10 Modification factor (M.f)

Equation 7
 Provide 4Y16-B
(As = 804mm2/m)
= 1.91
Table 3.9 Permissible L/d = 20.8x 1.91 = 39.64
Actual L/d = 6350/417 = 15.23 < 39.64 ………. O.k

Table 3.25 Provision for Secondary reinforcement

Recall that Min As obtained above = 292.5 mm2

Thus provide 3Y12-T (Asprov = 339mm2) Provide 3Y12-T

(As = 339mm2/m)

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

3.3 Design of Hogging Moment Steel:
From Analysis of the substitute frame:
-Design Moment = 144.425 kNm
The beam is to be designed as Rectangular section

Overall beam depth, (h) = 450 mm

Beam width 250 mm

Assume:
Diameter of main bars = 16 mm
Cover to main re-bar = 25 mm
Characteristic stregth of main re-bar 460 N/mm2
Characteristic stregth of concrete 25 N/mm2

now d = h - c - Diam. Main re-bar/2 = 417 mm d=

 417 mm

= 0.133

Since K (0.133) < (K'=0.156)….Singly Reinforced Section

Since K(0.133) >0.043 then z is obtained from the

follownig formular 396 mm

= 342 mm

Area of reinforcement (As)

967 mm2

Provide 4Y16 + 2Y12 (As prov= 1031mm2)

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

BS 8110:1-1997 Check minimum area of steel

Provide
4Y16 + 2Y12-T
Table 3.25 For Rectangular Section, Minimum Area of steel, As, min = at All Supprots

From which As, min = 146 mm2

Since As, min (1465mm2) < As, calc (967mm2) then

adopt As = 4Y16 +2Y12 (As prov= 1031mm2)

And for secondary re-bar provide 3Y12-B from above(when determining Provide
secondary bars at span)
3Y12-B at All
supports
REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
4.0 DESIGN OF COLUMNS
Assume Column C1 to be Critically Loaded Column at Level 1

Column size: b= 250 mm

h= 250 mm
Clear span of the column lo= 3000 mm

Cross section of the Column (Ac) 0.063 mm2

Unit weight of concrete (γc) = 24 kN/m3
Area born by the column stalk (A) 12.0803 m2
Weight of roofing sheet (Assume) 0.15 kN/m2
Weight of wooden truss members (Assume) 1.5 kN/m
Imposed roof load 0.6 kN/m2
Imposed floor load 2.0 kN/m3
Size of R.C. Roof Beam b= 0.25 m
h= 0.45 mm

Characteristic concrete strength, (fcu) 25 N/mm2

Characteristic strength of main bars, (fy) 460 N/mm2
 Characteristic strength of links, (fyv) 250 N/mm3

3.1 Load Analysis

At Level 2 (Just above the Top of 1st Floor Level)

Dead Load:
Weight of roofing sheeting = (0.15xA) 1.812 kN
Weight of trusses = 1.5 x (1.8+2.035+2.075+1.075) 10.478 kN
Weight of roof beam = (1.8+2.035+2.075+1.075) x b x
h x γc) 18.860 kN
Upper Column self weight (A x lo x γc) 4.500 kN
Total 35.649 kN

Imposed Load:
Imposed Roof Load 7.24815 kN

At Level 1 (Just above the Top of Ground Floor Level)

Dead Load:
Load from Upper Column 35.649 kN
Load from First Floor Slab 43.489 kN

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Weight of first floor beam = (1.8+2.035+2.075+1.075)
x b x h x γc) 18.860 kN
Upper Column self weight (A x lo x γc) 4.500 kN
Total 102.497 kN

Imposed Load:
Imposed Roof Load 7.24815 kN
Imposed Floor Load 24.1605 kN
Total 31.4087 kN

Critical Load Combination : Assume: 1.4DL + 1.6IL Nd =

Design Load (Nd) at Level 1 193.75 kN 193.75 kN

From Analysis

Design Moment Mx = 23.964 kNm

 Therefore: Ultimate Load (Nd) = 193.75 kN
Ultimate Moment (Mu) = 23.964 kNm
BS 8110:1997-1
Clause 3.8.1.5 3.2 Check Slenderness ratio:
and 3.8.1.6 Assume the column is laterally braced
lex = 3000 mm
ley = (3000 + 300)mm 3300 mm

lex/h 10.2
lex/h = 10.2
lex/b 11.22
ley/b = 11.22
Since both lex/h and ley/b < 15 ………. Short Column … Short column

3.3 Column reinforcement

Assume:
Diam of main bars = 16 mm
Diam o flinks = 10 mm
Cover to main bars = 50 mm

Effective depth (d) = h - c - Ølink - (Ømain bar/2) = 182 mm

d/h 0.728
take d/h = 0.75

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

0.124

0.061

From design charts:

0.3

From which Asc = (0.3 x 250 x250 x 25)/460 1,019 mm2

Clause 3.12.5.3 Check minimum area of reinforcement
Table 3.25

From which,

250 mm2

Since Asc,calc (1019mm2) > As,min (250mm2)

Clause 3.12.6 Maximum area of reinforcement

As, max ≤ 6% Acc

= 3750 mm2

Since Asc,min (250mm2) < Asc,calc (1019mm2) < Asc,max (3750mm2)

Provide
Provide 6Y16 (Asc= 1209mm2) 6Y16
(Asc= 1209mm2)
Main Bars

Clause 3.12.7 Design of Links:

(i) Link size = 1/4 largest bar size or 6mm whichever is less
REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
1/4 x 16mm = 4mm
thus, adopt Diam. 10mm links

( ii) Link spacing, (s) = 12 times smallest compression bar size

s = 12 x 16mm = 192mm

Adopt link spacing (s) = 150mmc/c Provide

R10 -150
Provide R10-150mm c/c Links Links
REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
5.0 DESIGN OF FOUNDATION
 Figure 5.1: Load arrangement on crtically loaded column

From Load Analysis:

Column size:
Cx = 500 mm
Cy = 500 mm
Soil Bearing Pressure 150 kN/m2
Angle of internal friction (assume) 30 deg
Unit weight of soil, (γ) (assume) 19 kN/m3
Concrete grade 30 N/mm2
Cover to main reinforcement 70 mm
Diam. of main reinforcement 16 mm
500 N/mm2
5.1 Determination of Foundation Depth (y): Foundation
depth =
1.20 m

y= 1.20 m

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

5.2 Determinantion of Base Area (A):

Wb = Self weight of the base taken as 8% - 10%

A= 0.97907 m2

Let B = L:; B2 = 0.97907 m2

Now B = 0.98948 m
 Say B = L = 1.50m 2100 mm

5.3 Check for Shear Thickness of the Base

Ultimate Load (from above) 394 kN

From which dmin = 98.5 mm

Since dmin (90.875mm) < 300mm, adopt d = 300 mm

h = d + c + diam. Main bar/2 378 mm

say h = 375 mm Base size =

B=L
2100 mm
h=
375 mm

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

5.4 Determination of moment steel

Stress in the soil, (Ϭsoil)

Recall that;
Ultimate Moment, M = 59 kNm
Ultimate Load, Nd = 394 kN

Now;
 Ϭ1 = 127.567 kN/m2
Ϭ2 = 51.12 kN/m2
From Figure 5.2 (a & b) attached hereunder;

= 0.8

= 62.6438 kNm

from above d= 378 mm

= 0.007

Since K (0.006) < (K'=0.156)…… ..Singly Reinforced Section

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Since K(0.006) < 0.043 then z is taken as 0.95d = 359 mm d=
359 mm

Area of reinforcement (As)

367 mm2

BS 8110:1-1997 Check for minimum area of steel

Table 3.25 For Rectangular Section, Minimum Area of steel, As, min =

From which As, min = 1350 mm2/m

Now provide R16-125mm c/c ( As = 1608mm/m2)

Vertical shear check

Since
The critical section is at a distance equal to 'd' from the column face v(0.072N/mm2) <
vc(0.448N/mm2)
422 mm
No shear
81.7254 kN/m2 reinforcement is
required
0.108 N/mm2

= 0.448 N/mm2

Since v(0.072N/mm2) < vc(0.448N/mm2)

No shear reinforcement is required

Punching Shear control

1577.3 mm

1577.3 mm

6309.2 mm

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

206.475 kN

0.09113 N/mm2

Since vp(0.0396N/mm2) < vc(0.448N/mm2)………... ok

Shear check is
o.k
 Shear check is
Number of bars o.k

17 pcs Provide
13Y16
(Asc= 1608mm2/m)
Bothways
 PROPOSED TECHNICAL DRAWING TRAINING BUDGET
S/NO Item Description Unit Quantity Rate (TZS)
1.0 Tuition Fee payable to Facilitators hour 20 20,000.00

Preparation and printing of Learners'Training

2.0 Handouts No 3 20,000.00
3.0 Drawing tools for Learners (Drawing Set) No 3 250,000.00
Bus fare for Learners to and from Misungwi
4.0 Training Center Person 3 100,000.00

TOTAL
NING BUDGET
Amount (TZS)
400,000.00

60,000.00
750,000.00

300,000.00

1,510,000.00
 SUBSTITUTE FRAME ANALYSIS
Moment of Member Joint
Joint Member Length, l(m) b, (m) h, (m) Inertia, Distr. Factor Check Sum D.F
Stiffness Stiffness
I(m 4)

Column AE 3.000 0.250 0.250 0.0003 0.0004 0.1588

A Column AF 3.000 0.250 0.250 0.0003 0.0004 0.0027 0.1588 1.000
Beam AB 4.070 0.250 0.450 0.0019 0.0019 0.6825
Column BG 3.000 0.250 0.250 0.0003 0.0004 0.1104
Column BH 3.000 0.250 0.250 0.0003 0.0004 0.1104
B 0.0039 1.0000
Beam BA 4.070 0.250 0.450 0.0019 0.0019 0.4748
Beam BC 6.350 0.250 0.450 0.0019 0.0012 0.3043
Column CI 3.000 0.250 0.250 0.0003 0.0004 0.2103
Column CJ 3.000 0.250 0.250 0.0003 0.0004 0.2103
C 0.0021 1.0000
Beam CB 6.350 0.250 0.450 0.0019 0.0012 0.5794
Beam CD 1.600 0.250 0.450 0.0019 0.0000 0.0000

INITIAL FIXED END MOMENTS

Member Span (m) Design Load Fixed End
(kN/m) Moment
(kNm)

AB 4.070 46.627 -64.364

BA 4.070 46.627 64.364
BC 6.350 47.891 -160.923
CB 6.350 47.891 160.923
CD 1.600 47.891 -61.300
DC 1.600 47.891 0.000
 MOMENT DISTRIBUTION TABLE
Node E A F G B H I C J D
Member EA AE AB AF FA GB BG BA BC BH HB IC CI CB CD CJ JC DC
D.F 0.159 0.682 0.159 0.110 0.475 0.304 0.110 0.210 0.579 0.000 0.210 0.000
COF
IFEM 0.000 0.000 -64.364 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 64.364 -160.923 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 160.923 -61.300 0.000 0.000 0.000
BM 10.218 43.927 10.218 10.665 45.845 29.384 10.665 -20.950 -57.723 0.000 -20.950
COM 5.109 22.923 5.109 5.332 21.963 -10.475 5.332 -10.475 14.692 -10.475 0.000
BM -3.639 -15.644 -3.639 -1.269 -5.455 -3.496 -1.269 -3.090 -8.513 0.000 -3.090
COM -1.820 -2.727 -1.820 -0.634 -7.822 -1.545 -0.634 -1.545 -1.748 -1.545 0.000
BM 0.433 1.861 0.433 1.035 4.447 2.850 1.035 0.368 1.013 0.000 0.368
COM 0.216 2.224 0.216 0.517 0.931 0.184 0.517 0.184 1.425 0.184 0.000
BM -0.353 -1.518 -0.353 -0.123 -0.529 -0.339 -0.123 -0.300 -0.826 0.000 -0.300
COM -0.177 -0.265 -0.177 -0.062 -0.759 -0.150 -0.062 -0.150 -0.170 -0.150 0.000
BM 0.042 0.181 0.042 0.100 0.431 0.277 0.100 0.036 0.098 0.000 0.036
COM 0.021 0.216 0.021 0.050 0.090 0.018 0.050 0.018 0.138 0.018 0.000
BM -0.034 -0.147 -0.034 -0.012 -0.051 -0.033 -0.012 -0.029 -0.080 0.000 -0.029
COM -0.017 -0.026 -0.017 -0.006 -0.074 -0.015 -0.006 -0.015 -0.016 -0.015 0.000
BM 0.004 0.018 0.004 0.010 0.042 0.027 0.010 0.003 0.010 0.000 0.003
COM 0.002 0.021 0.002 0.005 0.009 0.002 0.005 0.002 0.013 0.002 0.000
BM -0.003 -0.014 -0.003 -0.001 -0.005 -0.003 -0.001 -0.003 -0.008 0.000 -0.003
COM -0.002 -0.002 -0.002 -0.001 -0.007 -0.001 -0.001 -0.001 -0.002 -0.001 0.000
BM 0.000 0.002 0.000 0.001 0.004 0.003 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000
COM 0.000 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000
BM 0.000 -0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.001 0.000 0.000
COM 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
BM 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
FEM 3.334 6.668 -13.336 6.668 3.334 5.203 10.405 123.425 -144.236 10.405 5.203 -11.982 -23.964 109.229 -61.300 -23.964 -11.982 0.000
Sum of Joint M. 0.000 0.000 0.000
MID SPAN MOMENT (kNm) 28.165 114.652

SHEAR FORCE (kN) 67.8363 121.934 157.566 146.540 76.6253

REACTION (kN) 67.8363 279.501 223.166

CHECK:
Sum of Vertical Reactions = A 570.503
Total Load the System = B 570.503
Difference (A-B) 0.000 O.K
 DESIGN OF PAD FOOTING FOR A 35M SQUARE TOWER SYSTEM
Input Data
Loads (kN)-Factored Mz
Fx Fy (kN.m)
Dead 23 394 0
Live 0 0 0
Wind 0 0 0
E 0 0 0
Sum 23 394 0
Foundation Level
H (mm) 2750 h (mm) 150
hw (mm) 2750 L/B 1
Pedestal Dimension
x (mm) 500 y (mm) 500
Concrete Strength
f'c (N/mm2) = 30
Steel Strength
fy (N/mm2) = 500
Allowable Soil Pressure
qa (kN/m2) = 150
Base Soil angle of internal friction 30

Ultimate Loads (ACI 9.2.)

Fux (kN) = 23
Fuy (kN) = 394
Muz (kN.m) = 0

Approximate Base Dimensions B & L Based on Unfactored Loads (ACI 15.1.)

Approximate Base Dimensions B (mm) = L (mm) =
User Input Dimensions B (mm) = 2100 L (mm) = 2100

Approximate Footing Effective Depth d Assuming Punching Shear Governs (ACI 11.12)
*qumax (kN/m2) 132.40
d (mm) 280
280
* Fuy Muz Fux (H  h) d (mm)= min 150mm (ACI 15.7.)
qumax=  6 User Input Depth
LB L2B
350
D (mm)= min cover 70mm (ACI 7.7.)
Foundation Weight Df (kN)
Concrete Slab = B * L * D * 25 38.5858
Pedestal = x * y * (H+h - D) * 25 15.31
Soil above Slab = (B*L - x*y) * (H - hw) * 19
Saturated Soil = (B*L - x*y) * (hw - D) * (19-10) 89.856
Total Df (kN) = 143.7543

d d
d/2 d/2

q6 q5
qumin q4 q3 q2 q1
qumax

Net Ultimate Stresses Profile (kN/m2)

qumax (kN/m2) 131.063
qumin (kN/m2) 48.130
q1 (kN/m2) 125.555
q2 (kN/m2) 110.542
q3 (kN/m2) 99.418
q4 (kN/m2) 79.731
q5 (kN/m2) 74.201
q6 (kN/m2) 68.671

CHECKING:

Contact Pressure
Fv (kN) = Fy + Df 537.754 qmax (kN/m2) 131.063 qmin (kN/m2) 48.130

qGP (gross pressure) (kN/m2) = Fv/(B * L)

qGP = 121.94 kN/m2 < qa = 150 YES

Stability Against Overturning

Overturning moment = Mz + Fx * (H + h) 66.7 kN.m
Stabilizing moment = Fv * (L/2) 564.642 kN.m

8.4653975 > 1.5 YES

Stability Against Sliding

13.49997 > 1.5 YES

Check wide beam shear in the x-direction (ACI 11.3.)

Vc (kN) = 6,441

Vu (kN)* = 140.113
Vu / 0.85Vc 0.0256
*Vu = 0.5 * (q1+qumax) * (L/2 - x/2 - d) * B
max Vu / 0.85Vc = 0.0256 < 1.00 YES

Check punching shear (ACI 11.12)

bo (mm) = 2 * [(x+d)+(y+d)] 3,120
(1/3) * sqrt(f'c) * bo * d 1595
( 1 + 2/(x/y) ) * (1/6) * SQRT(f'c) * bo * d
Vc (kN) = min of 2293 Vc (kN) = 1595
((40 * d/bo) + 2) * (1/12)* SQRT(f'c) * bo * d 13373

Vu (kN)* = 337.801
Vu / 0.85Vc 0.2492
*Vu (kN) = Fuy - (0.5 * (q2+q5)) * (x+d) * (y+d)
max Vu / 0.85Vc = 0.2492 < 1.00 YES

Reinforcement: 0 .59 f y As
Mu = 0.9 f y As ( d  )
f 'c B
x - Direction z - Direction
Bottom Reinforcement Top Reinforcement Top Reinforcement Bottom Reinforcement
Mu (kN.m)* 80.986 80.986 80.23 80.23
As (cm2)= 658 658 658 658
r= 0.00235 0.00235 0.00235 0.00235
min r = 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018
r min = 0.0018 (ACI 7.12.) r max = 0.75 (0.85 f'c / fy) (600 / 600+fy) =
* x - direction moments:
Mu (Bottom R) = q3 * B * 0.5*(L/2-x/2)^2 + 0.5*(qumax-q3) * B * (2/3)*(L/2-x/2)^2
Mu (Top R) = qumin * B * 0.5 * (L/2-x/2)^2 (approximation)
* z - direction moment:
Mu (Bottom R) = 0.5*(qumax+qumin) * L * 0.5*(B/2-y/2)^2

PROVIDE Y10- 118mm c/c BOTWAYS TOP AND BOTTOM

As provided = 666mm2/m
Reinforcement: 0.59 f y As
Mu = 0 .9 f y As ( d  )
f 'c B
x - Direction z - Direction
Bottom Reinforcement Top Reinforcement Top Reinforcement Bottom Reinforcement
Mu (kN.m)* 80.986 80.986 80.23 80.23
As (cm2)= 658 658 658 658
r= 0.00235 0.00235 0.00235 0.00235
min r = 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018
r min = 0.0018 (ACI 7.12.) r max = 0.75 (0.85 f'c / fy) (600 / 600+fy) =
* x - direction moments:
Mu (Bottom R) = q3 * B * 0.5*(L/2-x/2)^2 + 0.5*(qumax-q3) * B * (2/3)*(L/2-x/2)^2
Mu (Top R) = qumin * B * 0.5 * (L/2-x/2)^2 (approximation)
* z - direction moment:
Mu (Bottom R) = 0.5*(qumax+qumin) * L * 0.5*(B/2-y/2)^2

PROVIDE Y10- 118mm c/c BOTWAYS TOP AND BOTTOM

As provided = 666mm2/m