CAUSES OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION TO THE

SELECTEDGRADE 12 STUDENTS IN CULIAT HIGH

SCHOOL

Practical Research II
Presented to
MR. EDGAR, MAGAN
CULIAT SENIOR HIGH SHOOL

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the

Practical Research II

By
Alim, Mahmoden
Doringo, Princess Lovelhea
Liberato, Christian
Pelina, Frincess Ann
 Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Sleep deprivation is the most common and growing

problem nowadays. Many people suffering in different

sleep disorders that affects their performance in daily

lives. Having lack of sleep may give different kinds of

illness to the people that encounter this situation. Sleep is

important in every individuals body to function and the

mind have enough supply of energy to think and

productive.

The estimated sleep hours of person are 6 hours of

sleep it is enough to be refreshed and receive a rest day.

But 8 hours to 10 hours of being awake will result of

exhausted and tired feeling because of not enough sleep.

According to (National Sleep Foundation 2007) a person

quality of life can be disrupted due to many different

reasons. One important yet underestimated because that

is sleep loss.

Furthermore, Sleep deprivation is a form of

psychological torture inflicted by depriving the victim of

sleep. If the person continuously having a insufficient

sleep and the body still moving the person will collapse

and sometimes it can lead to death. Therefore, Students

and also the adults are the victims of Sleep deprivation by

suffering Insomnia, Depression or apparently some of

them are working students , excessive using of gadgets

and having extra time in their jobs.

Lack of sleep can affects to the academic

performance of students whose experience sleep

deprivation they will have difficulties in their ability to learn

is limited. Also it is hard to concentrate in some class

discussion to have capability to remember such things

about their discussion.

Sleep is most important thing that people should

have also this lack of information has resulted in

misdiagnoses and mistreatments of patients estimated in

the millions, very often in cases where a little knowledge

and the right treatment might have worked wonders

because of lack of knowledge about the particular sleep

disorders they do self treatment that suddenly lead to

addiction about the medicine that taken because of they

didn’t consult to a doctor. This problem is the result of

different causes that a researcher wants to know about.

Background of the Study

The researchers relate to investigate the causes

behind in having the Sleep deprivation to the students.

According to Dr. Nathaniel Kleitman, now known as the

“Father of American sleep research,” began work in

Chicago in the 1920s questioning the regulation of sleep

and wakefulness and of circadian rhythms. He supposed

many subjects for his experiment in Wakefulness. He

once kept himself awake for 180 consecutive hours to

study the effects of sleep deprivation. They chose

Mammoth Cave as their research site to be free from the

regulating influence of sunlight and daily schedules and to

determine how altering the normal 24-hour routine of

sleep and wakefulness affected mental performance.

Sleep deprivation, discovered in 1953 which is

Kleitman's crucial work included his studies in sleep

characteristics from different populations and the effect of

sleep deprivation. One of his student is Dr. Eugene

Aserinsky discover the Rapid Eye Movement (REM)

during sleep.

The first place that the Sleep deprivation give an

attention is at the Stanford University Sleep Research

Center, the first center of its kind, was established in 1970

by Dr. William C. Dement. Due to the major efforts of

researchers and donors, it has continued to be the

leading sleep research center in the world. These studies

are concern in the causes of Sleep deprivation and give

awareness and educate the individuals that suffering from

sleeping disorders.

Statement of the Problem

Generally, this study focuses on the Grade 12

students of Culiat High school who experience not

enough sleep and to make them aware in the causes of

sleep deprivation.

The respondents/students will answer the following

Questions below:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1. age;

1.2. gender;

1.3. track;

2. What are the causes of sleep deprivation?

2.1. Working student?

2.2. Suffering Insomnia?

2.3. Suffering depression?

2.4. Excessive using of gadgets?

3. How you overcome the sleep deprivation?

4. What suggestion may implement to overcome the

sleep deprivation?

Hypothesis

1. There are no causes of sleep deprivation in the

lifestyle of students.

2. There are causes of sleep deprivation in the lifestyle

of the students.

Scope and Delimitation

This research focuses on the causes of sleep

deprivation and how it affects to the students

academic performance inside their classrooms. This

research will be finished year 2018-2019 with 50

respondents at Culiat High school Quezon City.

Significance of the Study

This study is significant because many people are

affected in terms of having sleep difficulties. It is important

to know the causes of sleep deprivation. It contains

information that people will be aware in their sleeping

conditions.

To the Students

Make them aware of what are the causes of sleep

deprivation that can affects their academic performance

at school.

To the Parents

Make their children educated by guiding them to

take care their health to prevent this condition.

To the Teachers

Make their students completely inform and instruct

them by how they manage themselves in case of having

this sleep disorder.

To the Councilors

Make people more knowledgeable about the causes

of sleep deprivation create programs to make people

awake from this problem that suddenly ignore by

everyone.

To the Future Researchers

They will able to use this study to explore further

investigation about the causes of Sleep Deprivation to the

students.
Definition of Terms

To have a further understanding from this research

the following key terms are indicated:

Depression is an illness that involves the body, mood,

and thoughts and that affects the way a person eats,

sleeps, feels about himself or herself, and thinks about

things.

Disorder a confused or messy state: a lack of order or

organization

Exhausted is drained of one's physical or mental

resources; very tired.

Grumpy easily annoyed or angered: having a bad temper

or complaining often.

Insomnia is the condition of not being able to sleep.

Psychological effect is a pertaining to the mind or to

mental phenomena as the subject matter of psychology.

of, pertaining to, dealing with, or affecting the mind,

especially as a function of awareness, feeling, or

motivation

Significant is large enough to be noticed or have an effect.

Sleep Deprivation is the condition of not having

enough sleep.

Sleep Disorder is the changes in the way that you sleep.

A sleep disorder can affect your overall health, safety and

quality of life.

Sleep a condition of body and mind such as that which

typically recurs for several hours every night, in which the

nervous system is relatively inactive, the eyes closed, the

postural muscles relaxed, and consciousness practically

suspended.
 Chapter 2

REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Local Literature

According to Bernardo Deborah A., MD, Sleep is the

third pillar of health aside from nutrition and exercise.

Although we do it naturally everyday or every night for

most of us, many are still searching for the right answers

about sleep. What makes a good sleep? Exactly how

much sleep do we need? Would spending enough time in

it give our sleep good quality, efficiency and sweet

dreams? Sleep in a young adult normally consists of 4 to

6 cycles of non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) alternating

with Rapid Eye Movement (REM) periods, each cycle

lasting 90 to 120 minutes. We enter sleep through the

NREM (pronounced non-REM) phase which

predominates during the first one-third of the night when

there is minimal mental activity during this phase and this

is believed to be the body’s time for rest and repair. In

contrast, the brain is very active during REM sleep and it

is in this phase where learning and memory consolidation

occurs. Vivid dreams occur during REM sleep and

normally, the body should be practically paralyzed while

you are dreaming as a protective mechanism against

acting them out and potentially harming your sleep

partner. There can be arousals and movements as we go

through the transition between NREM and REM sleep or

into wakefulness.
Foreign Literature

According to Peri (2010), sleepiness slows down one’s

thought processes and it impairs memory which makes
learning difficult. His literature also showed that the
quantity of sleep affects the cognitive and mental health
of a person. He was able to conclude that lack of sleep
can lead to mood problems and can hinder a person from
thinking clearly. Having the recommended eight hours of
sleep is very important for the brain rejuvenates itself
during sleep. A number of things contribute to the lack of
sleep among teens.

Basically, the sleepiness is affecting the cognitive

and mental health of a student their process of learning is
difficult because they cannot think properly. Having a lack
of sleep they feel uncontrolled moods. He recommends
that a person complete rest is 8 hours to become
refreshed.
According to Porpova (2013), He claims that chronic
sleep deprivation in adolescents reduces the brain’s
capacity to learn new information and can lead to
emotional issues like depression and aggression.

In statement, chronic sleep deprivation is the

reduces of brain capacity to adopt the knowledge of a
certain information and he also said that it will lead to
emotional issues like depression and aggression.

Hackethal (2013), has shown that sleep deprivation

might affect the frontal lobes of the brain which controls
decision-making functions. Even teenagers still need to
get enough sleep to avoid suffering the consequences of
being sleep deprived.

Generally, sleep deprivation can affect the brain

control of making decision. Also teenagers are needed to
have enough sleep to prevent in suffering the
consequences of having lack of sleep.
According to, June J. Pilcher and Amy S. Walters, The
effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance and
on psychological variables related to cognitive
performance were studied in 44 college students.
Participants completed the Watson-Glaser Critical
Thinking Appraisal after either 24 hours of sleep
deprivation or approximately 8 hours of sleep. After
completing the cognitive task, the participants completed
2 questionnaires, one assessing self-reported effort,
concentration, and estimated performance, the other
assessing off-task cognitions. As expected, sleep-
deprived participants performed significant worse than the
no deprived participants on the cognitive task. However,
the sleep-deprived participants rated their concentration
and effort higher than the no deprived participants did. In
addition, the sleep-deprived participants rated their
estimated performance significantly higher than the no
deprived participants did. The findings indicate that
college students are not aware of the extent to which
sleep deprivation negatively affects their ability to
complete cognitive tasks.

Hicks, Fernandez, and Pellegrini (2001) , They

conducted two decades of research addressing changes
in sleep satisfaction of university students. To conduct
their study, they asked students to complete a
questionnaire of their sleep satisfaction in 1978, 1988,
and 2000. Rating of sleep satisfaction included a
measure of perception of quantity as well as perception of
deprivation. In 1978, of 1489 students sampled, 24% of
respondents were dissatisfied with their sleep. In 1988, of
734 students sampled, 53% were dissatisfied with their
sleep. In a 2000-2001 update, 71% of 1462 students
sampled reported dissatisfaction with their sleep. Put
another way, students in 2000 were 2.96 times more
likely to report sleep dissatisfaction than students in 1978.
Authors of this research “…believe that this is an alarming
trend, and effort to reverse it is needed” (2001).

Local Study

According to Gilbert and Weaver (2010), examined

the sleep quality with academic performance with
university students, whether it is complete sleep
deprivation or poor sleep quality. This study was to
determine if lack of sleep or having poor sleep value in
non-demoralized college students were related to the low
academic routine. The author’s expectations were to find
the relationship between the student’s environment and
lifestyle with their sleep patterns and the force it has on
their educational performance.

(https://www.bartleby.com/essay/What-Is-the-Effect-of-
Lack-of -FK42NNLKRZYA)

Sleep isn’t merely a time when your body shuts off.

While you rest, your brain stays busy, overseeing a wide
variety of biological maintenance that keeps your body
running in top condition, preparing you for the day ahead.
Without enough hours of restorative sleep, you won’t able
to work, learn, create, and communicate at a level even
close to your true potential. Regularly skimp on “service”
and you’re headed for a major mental and physical
breakdown.

(https://www.philstar.com/other-sections//education-and-
home/2016/05/26/1587063/sleepless-sleep)
Foreign Study

According to the study of Chicago Medical

Institute (2001), suggested that sleep deprivation may be
linked to serious disease, such as heart disease and
mental illness including psychosis and bipolar disorder.
The link between sleep deprivation and psychosis was
further documented in 2007 through a study at Harvard
Medical School and the University of California at
Berkeley. The study revealed, using MRI scans, that
sleep deprivation causes the brain to become incapable
of putting an emotional event into the proper perspective
and incapable of making a controlled, suitable response
to the event.

Among the possible physical consequences of sleep

deprivation, deficits in attention and working memory are
perhaps the most important; such lapses in mundane
routines can lead to unfortunate results, from forgetting
ingredients while cooking to missing a sentence while
taking notes. Performing tasks that require attention
appears to be correlated with number of hours of sleep
received each night, declining as function of hours of
sleep deprivation. Working memory is tested by such
methods as choice-reaction time tasks.

(https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_deprivation)

According to Sleep Association, besides the many

physical consequences of insufficient sleep, perhaps the
most important consequences of sleep deprivation are
deficits in working memory and attention. Lapses in
ordinary mundane routines can cause worrying results;
from missing words or sentences while taking notes to
omitting important ingredients while cooking. It appears
that carrying out tasks that require attention is in direct
correlation to the number of hours the person sleeps each
night; with these functions declining with the number of
hours of sleep deprivation. Methods such as choice-
reaction time tasks are used to test working memory.
Sadly, these intentional lapses can move into critical
domains whereby those consequences could well result
in life or death: industrial accidents and car crashes can
be the result of inattentiveness, directly attributable to
sleep deprivation.

(https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.sleepassociation.or
g/sleepdisorders/sleep-deprivation/amp/)
 The best was to address sleep deprivation is to
prevent it with healthy sleep habits, what doctors call
sleep hygiene. Keep the bedroom dark, quiet, and cool,
Leave work, television and mobile electronics out of the
bedroom, especially at night, Don’t vary your bedtime or
wake up time by more than one hour, even on weekends,
Avoid large, heavy meals within three hours of bedtime,
Avoid caffeine within eight hours of bed time, Avoid
alcohol in the last hour before bed.

Some medications can make it harder to sleep,

which can cause or worsen sleep deprivation. Talk to your
doctor about medications that may interfere with sleep,
including some antidepressants, stimulants, and
decongestants.

Finally, talk to your doctor if you believe your sleep

deprivation may be the result of a sleep condition like
insomnia, a circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder, a
parasomnia, or another sleep disorder.

(https://www.tuck.com/sleepdeprivation)
Conceptual Framework
 Paradigm of the Study

INPUT

It seeks to answer specifically

the following questions: PROCESS

1. What is the profile of OUTPUT

respondents in terms of:
1.1 age;
Analysis of the
1.2 gender;
research for In able to aware the
1.3 age;
compliance through: students about
2. What are the causes of causes of sleep
sleep deprivation? 1. Interview deprivation and to
know how to
2.1 working students 2. Questionnaire overcome it.
2.2 suffering Insomnia 3. Survey
2.3 suffering depression
2.4 excessive using of
gadgets
3. How you overcome the
sleep deprivation?
4. What suggestion may
implement to overcome the
sleep deprivation?

FEEDBACK
 Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter explained the methodology

used in collecting data. The researcher utilized the

quantitative methodology. More information will be given

on how the questionnaires were used in the collection of

data.

Research Design

The study used descriptive method for

investigation to gather information about “Causes of

Sleep deprivation to the selected grade 12 students in

Culiat High school “. According to Dr. Y. P .Aggarwal

(2008) descriptive research is devoted to the gathering of

information about prevailing conditions or situations for

the purpose of description and interpretation. This type of

research method is not simply amassing and tabulating

facts but includes proper analyses, interpretation,

comparisons, identification of trends and relationships.

Respondents of the Study

The sample of the study was the 50

students “Causes of sleep deprivation to the selected

Grade 12 Students in Culiat High School.”

Sampling Technique

The researchers used Purposive

Sampling in administering questionnaires to the students

in Culiat High school.

Instrument Used In the Study

The instruments used for the research

were prepared by the researchers based on their

readings and the related literature, professional subject

books, and internet access to gather more information

about our topic. At the same time, in order to gather more

accurate data, the researchers used questionnaire among

its respondents. This study was specifically designed to

asses “Causes of Sleep Deprivation to the Selected

Grade 12 students in Culiat High school.”

Questionnaire

The self-formulated questionnaire was the

most important instrument used I the study. It is the major

tool used by the researchers in gathering significant data

from the respondents.

Interview

This was utilized as the secondary source

in the necessary data. This was used to supplement and

authenticate those that were gathered in the major tool,

the questionnaire.

Construction of the Instrument

The researcher read different related

literature and studies both local and foreign. All of those

were utilized for the researchers to pattern in the

construction of the items and instrument. The first draft

was submitted to the adviser for comments and

suggestions. Some items not consider relevant to the

study were discarded. After considering suggestion of the

adviser, the revised from was then presented to the

experts for further comments and other suggestions. After

the revision, the final draft was constructed and ready for

validation.

Validation of the Instrument

The complete and final draft was then pre-

tested to some students that have Causes of sleep

deprivation in Culiat High school. The purpose of this

study is to determine if there were still items in the

questionnaire that were difficult to understand. After the

validation, the instrument was then reproduced for

distribution and administration.

Statistically Treatment of Data

The data were analyze both qualitatively and

quantitatively. Qualitative data obtained from the open-

ended items in the students. Quantitative were obtained

from close-ended items in the students of Culiat High

school. The data gathered will be tallied; computation and

presentations of data will be facilitated through the use of

tables of percentage distribution with the appropriate

ranking. The weighted mean values of the area of inquiry

shall be computed.

1. For computing percentage distribution:

P ()=∑(F/N) x 100

where:

P=percentage

F=frequency

N=number of cases or Total Frequency

2. For computing weighted mean:

 WX=∑ Fx / N

where:

WX=weighted mean

∑ Fx=summation of the product of the Frequencies

And weight

N=number of cases or Total Frequency

3. Ranking is used in identifying the most difficult and list

difficult items for the respondent.

The over-all mean was interpreted using

the following scale:

Over-all weighted Rank Interpretation Symbol

Bibliography