TURAP
A
Gambar 1.1 Denah Kontur Tampak Atas
B. Potongan A-A
II. DATA-DATA TANAH
A. Stratifikasi Tanah Berdasarkan Uji CPT
Tabel 2. 1 Estimasi Lapisan Tanah Berdasarkan Uji CPT
depth qc Qf Rf qcs rata rfs rata jenis
0 0 0 0
0,2 8 0,13 1,625
0,4 6 0,27 4,5
0,6 9 0,2 2,222222
0,8 12 0,27 2,25
1 12 0,2 1,666667
1,2 18 0,27 1,5
1,4 16 0,27 1,6875
1,6 18 0,2 1,111111
1,8 18 0,27 1,5
2 22 0,27 1,227273
2,2 25 0,2 0,8
2,4 28 0,27 0,964286
2,6 30 0,4 1,333333
2,8 50 0,67 1,34
3 50 0,33 0,66 20,125 1,524212 FINE GRAINED
3,2 65 0,33 0,507692
3,4 65 0,67 1,030769
3,6 78 0,47 0,602564
3,8 45 0,67 1,488889
4 55 0,67 1,218182
4,2 75 0,33 0,44
4,4 80 0,67 0,8375
4,6 75 0,33 0,44
4,8 85 1 1,176471
5 90 0,67 0,744444
5,2 90 0,67 0,744444
5,4 100 1 1 73,30769 0,837766 SAND to SS
5,6 75 0,67 0,893333
5,8 130 0,67 0,515385
6 90 1 1,111111
6,2 80 0,67 0,8375
6,4 110 1 0,909091
6,6 115 0,67 0,582609
6,8 115 1 0,869565
7 75 0,67 0,893333
7,2 99 0,4 0,40404
7,4 115 0,67 0,582609
7,6 130 1 0,769231
7,8 150 0 106,4615 0,720601 SAND
B. Parameter Tanah Berdasarkan Uji Triaksial
= 19,306 gram
27,07+28,59+28,59
W = 3
= 28,08 gram
1,7328+1,7335+1,7214
ɣb = 3
= 1,7292 g/cm3
𝑊
V =𝛾
𝑏
28,08
=
1,7292
= 16,24 cm3
8,29+9,02+9,02
Ww =
3
= 8,78 gram
𝑊𝑤
Vw = 𝛾𝑤
8,78
= 1
= 8,78 cm3
Vs = V – Vw
= 16,24 – 8,78
= 7,46 cm3
𝑊′
ɣ’ = 𝑉
𝑊𝑠 −𝛾𝑤 ×𝑉𝑠
= 𝑉
19,306−1×7,46
= 16,24
b. Lapisan 2
17,7+16,26+20,05
Ws = 3
= 18,003 gram
24,06+22,05+27,25
W = 3
= 24,45 gram
1,7356+1,7405+1,7182
ɣb = 3
= 1,7314 g/cm3
𝑊
V =𝛾
𝑏
24,45
= 1,7314
= 14,12 cm3
6,36+5,75+7,2
Ww = 3
= 6.44 gram
𝑊𝑤
Vw = 𝛾𝑤
6,44
= 1
= 6,44 cm3
Vs = V – Vw
= 14,12 – 6,44
= 7,69 cm3
𝑊′
ɣ’ = 𝑉
𝑊𝑠 −𝛾𝑤 ×𝑉𝑠
= 𝑉
18,003−1×7,69
= 14,12
Lapisan 1 ( 1- 1,5 m)
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (𝛼+𝜑)
• Ka1 =
𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜑+𝛿) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜑−𝛽)
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝛼.𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝛼−𝛿 ).(1+√ 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝛼−𝛿) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝛼+𝛽) )2
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (89+24)
Ka1 =
𝑠𝑖𝑛(24+6) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(24−6) 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝛼.𝑠𝑖𝑛(89−6).(1+√ )
𝑠𝑖𝑛(89−6) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(89+6)
Ka1 = 0,427
𝑠𝑖𝑛2(𝛼−𝜑)
• Kp1 =
sin(𝜑+𝛿) sin(𝜑+𝛽)
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛼.sin(𝛼+𝛿 ).(1−√ sin(𝛼+𝛿) sin(𝛼+𝛽) )2
𝑠𝑖𝑛2(89−24)
Kp1 =
sin(24+6) sin(24+6)
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛼.sin(𝛼+𝛿 ).(1−√ sin(𝛼+𝛿) sin(89+6) )2
Kp1 = 3,167
Lapisan II ( 4- 5 m)
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (𝛼+𝜑)
• Ka2 =
𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜑+𝛿) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜑−𝛽) 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝛼.𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝛼−𝛿 ).(1+√ )
𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝛼−𝛿) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝛼+𝛽)
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (89+23)
Ka2 =
𝑠𝑖𝑛(23+6) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(23−6)
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝛼.𝑠𝑖𝑛(89−6).(1+√𝑠𝑖𝑛(89−6) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(89+6))2
Ka2 = 0,443
𝑠𝑖𝑛2(𝛼−𝜑)
• Kp2 =
sin(𝜑+𝛿) sin(𝜑+𝛽) 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛼.sin(𝛼+𝛿 ).(1−√ )
sin(𝛼+𝛿) sin(𝛼+𝛽)
𝑠𝑖𝑛2(89−23)
Kp2 =
sin(23+6) sin(23+6)
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛼.sin(𝛼+𝛿 ).(1−√sin(89+6) sin(89+6))2
Kp2 = 3,031
• Akibat tanah
b1 = H.γpemadatan .Ka1
= 4 x 21,2 x 0,427
= 36,2096 kN/m2
• Akibat beban merata
b2 = (Ka1 . γpemadatan)/2
= (0,427. 21,2) /2
= 4,5262 kN/m2
• Akibat Kohesi
b3 = 2.C1.√𝑘𝑎1
= 2 x 23,214 x √0,427
= 30,33 kN/m2
• bTotal = b1 + b2 –b3
= 36,2096 + 4,5262 – 30,33
= 10, 3974 kN/m2
+ + = =
H’
𝑏𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
• H′ = H
𝐻.𝛾𝑝𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐾𝑎1
10, 3974
H′ = 𝑥4
4.21,2.0,427
H’ = 1,15 m
• Ea = 0,5. H’.btotal
= 0,5 x 1,15 x 10,3974
= 5,9785 kN
Lapisan II
• Akibat tanah
b1 = H2.γb .Ka1
= 2 x 16,98 x 0,427
= 14,5 kN/m2
• Akibat beban merata
b2 = (( (Ka1 . γpemadatan)/2) + (γpemadatan . H1)) . Ka1
= ((0,427. 21,2) /2) + (21,2 .4 )) .0,427
= 44, 66 kN/m2
• Akibat Kohesi
b3 = 2.C1.√𝑘𝑎1
= 2 x 23,214 x √0,427
= 30,33 kN/m2
• bTotal = b1 + b2 –b3
= 14,5 + 44, 66 – 30,33
= 30,338 kN/m2
+ + + =
• Ea = 0,5. H2.btotal
= 0,5 x 2 x 30,338
= 28,782
Diketahui :
• Ψ = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 . 𝑘
𝑃𝐺𝐴
• k= 𝑔
0,368 𝑔
= 𝑔
= 0,368
• Ψ = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 . 0,368
= 20,2
• PE = PAE - PA
• PAE = 0,5. 𝛾.H2.KAE
𝑆𝑖𝑛2 .(𝜑+𝛽−Ψ)
• KAE = sin(𝜑+𝛿) sin(𝜑−Ψ−𝛽) 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠Ψ.𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛽.sin(𝛽−Ψ−𝛿).[1+√ ]
sin(𝛽−𝛿−Ψ) sin(𝛼+𝛽)
𝑆𝑖𝑛2 .(28+90−20,2)
= sin(28+6) sin(28−20,2−6) 2
cos (20,2).𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (90).sin(90−20,2−6).[1+√ ]
sin(90−6−20,2) sin(6+90)
0,9907479405
=
0,8420707196. 1,039535092
=1,131814917
• PAE = 0,5. (5,9785) .22.1,131814917
= 38,436 kN/m2
• PE = PAE - PA
= 38,436 kN/m2 -5,9785 kN/m2
= 32,4575 kN/m2
𝜑′
Nq = Tan2(45+ ) .𝑒 𝜋.𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑃′
2
35
= Tan2(45+ 2
) .𝑒 𝜋.𝑡𝑎𝑛28
= 19,61
Nγ = 2.(Nq+1).tan 𝜑
= 2.(19,62+1) tan 28
= 21,92
Nc = (Nq-1).cot 𝜑
= (19,61-1).cot 28
= 35,00
𝐷
fqd = 1+2.tan 𝜑2.(1-sin 𝜑2)2.(𝐵′)
1,5
= 1+2.tan 35.(1-sin 35)2.( )
3
= 1,127
1−Fqd
fcd = Fqd-(𝑁𝑐.𝑇𝑎𝑛𝜑2)
1−1,127
= 1,127 – (35.𝑇𝑎𝑛35)
= 1,132
𝐷 𝜑′
fγd = 1+0,1.(𝐵).tan(45+ 2 )
1,5 28
= 1+0,1.( ).tan(45+ )
3 2
= 1,083
𝑆
fci = (1- )2
90
12,6
= (1- 90 )2
= 0,7396
fqi = fci
= 0,7396
𝑆
fγi = (1-𝜑)2
12,6
= (1- 28 )2
= 0,3025
qu = 22,425. 35. 1,132. 0,7396
+ (16,98. 1,5) 19,61. 1,127. 0,7396
+ 0,5. 16,98. 21,92. 1,083. 0,3025
= 1134,407
𝑞𝑢
• FS = 𝑞𝑡𝑜𝑒
1134,407
=
180,67
= 6,5 > 4
= 1,581 kN x 21,2
= 33,5172 kN
Momen yang terjadi pada titik A’
Ma1 = Pa1. 1,5 m
= 1,266 kN . 1,5 m
= 1,9 kNm
Ma2 = Pa. 1 m
= 0,229. 1 m
= 0,229 kNm
ΣMa = 2,129 kNm
ΣMp = V. 0,277
= 33,5172 kN x 0,277
= 9,284 kNm
Σ(𝑀𝑝−𝑀𝑎)
ΣM(total)/ΣV =
Σ𝑉
(9,284−2,129)
= 33,5172
= 0,213 = x
e = (b/2) – x
= (0,554/2)-0,213
= 0,064 < b/6 (mengalami desak)
Tinjauan desak
𝑉 𝑀𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝜎𝑑𝑠𝑘 = + ≤ 𝜎𝑑𝑠𝑘
𝑏.ℎ 𝑊
IV. PONDASI TIANG
A. Estimasi Beban Tiang
Jadi total beban yang harus ditahan oleh tiang adalah sebesar 333,104 kN
= 18,71 pukulan
𝐿
qp = 0,4 x pa x N60’ x 𝐷
14
= 0,4 x 100 x 18,71 x
0,3
= 34919,11 kN/m2
ql = 4 x pa x N60’
= 4 x 100 x 18,71
= 7482,667 kN/m2
qp(1) = ql, karena qp ≥ ql
= 7482,667 kN/m2
Qb = qp(1) x A
= 7482,667 x 0,09
= 673,44 kN
fav = 0,02 x pa x N60’
= 2 x 18,71
= 37,413
Qs = K x L x fav
= 1,884955592 x 14 x 47,242
= 493,6573 kN
C. Spesifikasi Tiang
Dengan mempertimbangkan data hasil pengujian SPT, ditentukan desain
pondasi tiang sebagai berikut :
1. Kedalaman pondasi tiang (z) = 14 m
2. Diameter tiang = 0,3 m
3. Panjang pondasi tiang (L) = 12 m dari bawah dinding penahan
tanah
4. Jenis pondasi tiang = friction pile
D. Jumlah Tiang
∑𝑉
n =𝑄
𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔
276,5312
= 144,195
= 1,9 → 2 tiang/meter
E. Pemasangan Tulangan
Gambar 1.4 Hasil Perhitungan Tulangan Menggunakan Aplikasi
V. TURAP
1,7 m
𝛾1 = 16,98 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
0,3 m
Vertikal
Tekanan Tanah Aktif
Tekanan Gamma H 𝜎ℎ (𝛾 . H) Total
1 21,2 1,4 (21,2 x 1,4) 29,68
2 16,98 1,7 29,68 + (16,98 x 1,7) 58,546
3 7,16 1,3 58,546 + (7,16 x 1,3) 67,854
4 7,17 0,9 67,854 + (7,17 x 0,9) 74,307
5 7,17 D 74,307 + (7,17 x D ) 7,17D + 74,307
Tekanan Tanah Pasif
Tekanan Gamma H Gamma . H Total
1' 16,98 0,3 (16,98 x 0,3) 5,094
2' 7,16 1,3 (7,16 x 1,3) 14,402
3' 7,17 0,9 (7,17 x 0,9) 20,855
4' 7,17 D (7,17D +20,855) 7,17D+20,855
HORIZONTAL
Tekanan Tanah Aktif
Tekanan C Ka 𝜎ℎ (v-2C.√𝑘𝑎)
1 23,214 0,422 -0,480337791
2 23,214 0,422 28,38566221
3 13,5759 0,422 50,21577609
4 22,4254 0,438 44,62403711
5 22,4254 0,438 7,17D + 44,624
Tekanan Tanah Pasif
Tekanan C kp sigma H (v+2c.akarka)
1 23,214 2,371 76,58407501
2 13,5759 2,371 56,21048235
3 22,4245 2,283 88,62004324
4 22,4254 2,283 7,17D+88,622
3) Gambar diagram tegangan aktif dan pasif
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
4. Menghitung momen
Anggap ujung bawah turap sebagai tumpuan
Mtotal = Mpasif-Maktif
Mtotal =0
Mpasif – Maktif = 0
-1,79 D3-44,31 D2+230,758-(-1,79 D3-25,108 D2+164,106) =0
-19,202D2-66,14 =0
D = 1,864 m (terpenuhi)
D = -1,684 m
Jadi D turap yaitu 1,864 m
Kedalaman turap H
H = D+Hrencana
H = 1,684 m + 5,3 m
= 6,984 m
=7m
LAMPIRAN