Quarter 1 Review Guide

The Quarter 1 Exam will consist of around 100 multiple choice questions and a few short answer
questions. You will need a #2 pencil. This is meant to be a guide – everything covered in class is
fair game!

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic:

• Understand the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
• Explain how these differences relate to the complexity of their behaviors
• Biology, DNA, stimulus, sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction, homeostasis,
metabolism, biosphere, cell theory, cell, cell membrane, nucleus, eukaryote, prokaryote
Eukaryotic Organelles:
• Describe the eukaryotic organelles in terms of structure, location, and function
• Categorize the organelles into their basic functions
• Cytoplasm, organelle, vacuole, lysosome, cytoskeleton, centriole, ribosome, endoplasmic
reticulum (smooth and rough), Golgi apparatus, chloroplast, mitochondrion, cell wall
Fluid Mosaic Model:
• Describe the cellular membrane using the fluid mosaic model
• Understand how the membrane acts as a barrier for the cell
• Lipid bi-layer, selectively permeable, hydrogen bond, cohesion, adhesion, mixture,
solution, solute, solvent, suspension
Membrane Transport:
• Identify and explain passive and active transport
• Describe the characteristics of diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, active transport,
endocytosis, and exocytosis
• Predict the type of transport based on the characteristics of the molecules that cross the
membrane
• Explain how transport is used to maintain homeostasis
• Explain consequences of a cell in isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions
• Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, aquaporin, osmosis, isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic,
osmotic pressure, plasmolysis
Growth and Reproduction:
• Explain the problems that growth causes for cells
• Compare and contrast asexual and sexual reproduction
• Cell division, asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction, tissue
Cell Cycle:
• Describe the role of chromosomes in cell division
• Name the events of the cell cycle
• Describe what happens during the four phases of mitosis
• Compare and contrast cytokinesis in plant and animal cells
• Chromosome, chromatin, cell cycle, interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis, prophase,
centromere, sister chromatids, centriole, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cell plate
Tissue Communication:
 • Describe the role of receptors in relation to cell communication
• Know the different ways that cells can communicate with each other
• Know the ways that cells are connected to each other
• Homeostasis, receptor, tight junction, gap junction, integrin, ligand, autocrine,
juxtacrine, paracrine, endocrine
Specialization:
• Describe how cell specialization happens from stem cells – embryonic and somatic
• Describe the different levels of human cell development
• Organ, organ system, embryo, differentiation, totipotent, blastocyst, pluripotent, stem
cell (embryonic and somatic), multipotent
Cancer:
• Describe how the cell cycle is regulated
• Compare and contrast cancer cells and typical cells
• Describe the three basic types of cancer treatment
• Cyclin, growth factor, apoptosis, cancer, tumor, metastasis, benign, malignant
Enzymes:
• Be able to describe an enzyme
• State how enzymes work using the Lock and Key model
• Describe how environmental factors affect an enzyme’s activity
• Catalyst, enzyme, substrate
Nutritional Macromolecules:
• State the monomers, polymers, and functions of the 3 dietary macromolecules –
carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids
• Calorie, carbohydrate, fat, lipid, protein
Digestion of Macromolecules:
• Describe the enzymes (and helper molecules) involved in the digestion of
carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids
• Describe the process of digestion of the macromolecules
• Amylase, pepsin, chime, trypsin, pancreatic amylase, lipase, bile
Digestive System:
• Describe the parts and functions of the digestive system
• Compare and contrast mechanical and chemical digestion
• Describe nutrient absorption and waste elimination
• Mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, esophagus, peristalsis, stomach, small
intestine, villus, large intestine, rectum, anus, salivary glands, liver, gall bladder,
pancreas