REVIEWER ART APPLICATION
things of beauty and things that stir
Do your work willingly, as though you
were serving the Lord himself, and not
just your earthly master.
-Colossians 3:23
Humanities
 Comes from the Latin word
humanus.
 A human, cultured and
refined.
 Human – with rationality,
kindness and tenderness
 Cultured – educated and
refined.
 Refined – polished, polite,
cautious behavior.
Humanities as a Social Science
 Anthropology – study of
man’s beginnings
 Psychology – study of man’s
mind and his behavior
 Linguistics – study of man’s
languages
 Cultural studies – study of
man’s beliefs, arts, customs,
literature, etc.
 Communication – art of
sharing information
Aim of Humanities
To promote awareness of the
interrelationships of all fields of
knowledge because it represents
people’s highest goals, aspirations,
hopes and ambitions as well as
challenges, disappointments and
frustrations reflected in various acts.
Art – French word art – skill as a result
of learning or practice.
Latin word ars – ability or practical
skills.
Art- That which brings life in harmony
with the beauty of the world (Plato)
-An attitude of spirit, a state of mind –
one which demands for its own
satisfaction and fulfilling, a shaping of
matter to new and more significant
form (John Dewey).
-The most intense mode of
individualism that the world has
known (Oscar Wilde)
-Not a thing – it is a way (Elbert
Hubbard)
An ability – the human ability to make
depicted
man; it is creativity.
A process – acts such as drawing,
painting, sculpting, designing
buildings, singing, dancing and using
the camera to create images and
memorable works.
A product – the completed work: an
etching, a sculpture, a structure, a
musical composition, choreography or
a tapestry
 Concerned with sensuous
medium – appeals to the
mind, arouses emotions,
kindles imagination,
enchants the senses.
Common Essentials of Art
1. Art has to be human-made.
2. Art must be creative, not imitative.
3. Art must benefit and satisfy human
being.
4. Art is expressed through a certain
medium or material by which artists
communicate them to their
audiences.
Appreciation – giving value to;
increase the worth of; understand and
recognize good qualities of.
Art Appreciation deals with learning
or understanding and creating arts
and enjoying them.
The Subjects of Art
-The matter to be described or to be
portrayed by the artist; may refer to
any person, object or event.
Kinds of Art as to Subject
Representational/Objective
Art
- objects are commonly recognized by
most people
- a copy of something that is real
- uses form
- concerned with what is to be
depicted in the artwork
- still life, portraiture, landscapes,
seascapes, moonscapes, cityscapes.
Non-representational/Non-
objective art
- without any reference to anything
outside itself
- no recognizable objects
- abstract
- uses content
- concerned with how the artwork is
- modern paintings
Structure of an Artwork
Art work – one which meets the
following measures:
1. genuineness
2. aesthetic quality
3. mastery of skill
Subject – anything under the sun;
may be make-believe, imaginary,
invented or real events; may be
represented through:
1. abstract
2. distorted
3. realist
Artist – an individual with exceptional
skills in any of the various art forms
like visual and performing arts
- an individual trained or with
mastery of specific or multiple artistic
capacities
- one acclaimed by experts or
patrons; National Artists for
significant contributions made
- more sensitive and creative
Kinds of Artist
Creators: composer,
dramatist/playwright, choreographer
: singers, actors, dancers
Famous Artist
Leonardo da Vinci – The Rennaissance
Man; Mona Lisa
Vincent Willem van Go – Post-
Impressionism; Starry Night;
Sunflowers, Irises, At Eternity’s Gate
Michaelangelo Buonarroti – Mural of
the Sistine Chapel; Statues of David,
Pieta and Madonna and Child
Auguste Rodin – progenitor of
Modern Sculpture; The Thinker and
The Kiss
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – prolific
and influential composer of the
Classical era; Eine Kleine Nachtmusik
(A Little Night Music) ; operas Le
Nozze di Figaro (The Marriage of
Figaro), Don Giovanni and Die
Zauberflote (The Magic Flute)
Martha Graham – pioneer of modern
dance; a movement language based
on the expressive capacity of the
human body
Fernando Amorsolo – National Artist;
painter of rural Philippine landscapes
Guillermo Tolentino – National Artist
in Sculpture; Oblation; Bonifacio
Monument; Manuel L. Quezon statue
Liza Macuja-Elizalde – Prima Ballerina
of the Filipino Masses; first Filipina
ballerina and first soloist to join the
Kirov Ballet of Russia
Ishmael Bernal – National Artist
noted for his melodramas; Nunal sa
Tubig, City after Dark and Relasyon;
Himala – best Filipino film ever
produced
Leonardo Locsin – National Artist in
Architecture; CCP Complex: Cultural
Center of the Phil., Folk Arts
Theater,PICC, Philcite, Westin Phil.
Plaza (Sofitel)
Nora Aunor – Phil. cinema’s
Superstar; actress, recording artist,
and film producer; Tatlong Taong
Walang Diyos, Himala, Bona, The Flor
Contemplacion Story and Thy Womb
Medium and Technique
Major Categories of an Artwork
1. Visual artworks (two-dimensional)
– e.x. paintings, canvass
2. Practical artworks (three-
dimensional) – ex. Sculpture and
architecture
3. Performing arts – ex. singing and
dancing
Purpose of an Artwork
1. Record appearances
2. Making the invisible visible
3. Communication
4. Delight
The Viewer, Patron or Critique
1. Elite or the Patron
2. Ordinary persons
3. Connoisseur
4. Fellow artists
Impression of the Viewer, Patron or
Critique
1. to appreciate
2. to critique
Visual Elements of Art
 Line
 Color
 Shape
 Space
 Texture
 Time and Motion
 Value
Element of Line
Line – an element of art; an important
building block of art that can be
manipulated to stimulate an
intellectual or emotional response
from the viewer.
Different Lines
1. Straight lines- rectilinear lines;
geometric, hard and impersonal; of
two directions:
a. Horizontals – calmness and rest
b. Verticals – strength, balance and
stability.
2. Diagonal lines – movement of
action;stress, frustration or defeat
3. Zigzag lines – two straight lines
meet to make an angle; chaos,
conflict and confusion
4. Curve lines – curvilinear; organic
and natural; graceful movement
5. Actual lines – the artist
intentionally shows the lines in an
artwork
6. Implied lines – the artist involves
the viewer in the interpretation od
the composition
Line Quality and Character
1. Thick, dark, angular lines – heavy
feeling and a sense of foreboding
2. Curvy, thin and free-flowing lines –
soft, delicate and light feeling
3. Hatching – lines are drawn closer
ro create dark shadows
4. Cross-hatching – parallel line
intersect with each other to form
deeper shadows
5. Outlines – for outlines that define
the borders of a shape
6. Contour lines – guide where paint
may be applied in 2D artworks
Element of Color
Color -Albert Einstein discovered color
by passing a beam of light through a
triangular piece of class called a
prism. He then realized that the
colors of the rainbow come from
white light.
Physical Properties of Color
1. Hue – name for which the color is
known
2. Value – the lightness or darkness
of a color
3. Intensity or Saturation – the
brightness or dullness of a color
Additive and Subtractive Colors
1. Additive colors – colors of light
2. Subtractive colors – colors of
pigments (paints)
The Color Wheel – a circle divided
equally into 12 parts representing the
12 colors and how they relate to each
other.
Types of Color
1. Primary colors – colors that cannot
be produced by the mixture of other
colors; red, yellow and blue
2. Secondary colors – colors that
result from a combination of two
primary colors in equal amounts;
orange, green, violet; yellow, cyan,
magenta
3. Intermediate colors – colors that
result from a combination of a
primary and secondary color; red
orange, yellow orange, yellow green,
blue green blue violet and red violet
4. Tertiary colors – colors that are
created by combining two secondary
colors or by neutralizing one color by
adding its complement or opposite
color in the color wheel; brown, olive
green
5. Neutrals – colors that show no
color quality; white, gray, black
a. White – the presence of all colors
b. Black – the absence of color
c. Gray – an impure white created by
a partial reflection of all wavelengths
of color
Color Relationships
1. Complements
-Complementary colors are positioned
directly opposite each other in a color
wheel. Examples: red and green,
yellow and violet, orange and blue.
2. Split-complements
-They are a relationship between
color and the two colors on either
side of the complement.
3.Triads
-Triads composed of three colors that
equally distant from each in the color
wheel forming an equilateral triangle.
4. Tetrads
-Tetrads composed of four colors that
are equally spaced on the color
wheel.
5.Analogous colors
These are hues that are found next to
each other on the color wheel.
6. Monochromatic colors
The scheme uses only one hue but
with different degrees of value.
7. Warm colors
These colors are associated with sun
and fire like red, orange and yellow.
8. Cool colors
These colors containing blue such as
green, violet and blue-green are
associated with air, sky, earth and
water.
9. Simultaneous contrast
Whenever two colors come into direct
contact, their similarities seem to
decrease, and their dissimilarities
seem to increase. Example: gray in
black or white
Colors and Emotion
Colors appeal to the emotion and
enhance the mood.
-Warm, bright colors make people
happy and excited; cool colors make
them relax and encouraged to take
things slowly.
-Reds, pinks and yellows stimulate
people, make them warm and
passionate; greens and blues suggest
calmness and peace.
Element of Shape
Shape results from the coming
together of lines enclosing an area
and separating it from its
surroundings. The interpretation of
the enclosed area that is formed
presents a challenge to the brain.
-In the process of human perception,
German Gestalt psychologists
discovered that the way the human
brain processes information is done
by organizing objects/stimuli into
groups based on –similarity, nearness
and figure-ground relationships. After
this process, a perceptual totality is
formed giving the viewer the wholes
that are now labelled as shapes.
Types of Shapes
1. Geometric shapes – rectilinear and
curvilinear
2. Organic shapes – natural
appearance
3. Biomorphic shapes – with qualities
of biological organisms
4. Amorphous shapes – no basis from
either nature or geometry
Picture plane – the flat surface in
which artwork is presented
Dimensions of shapes
1. 2-dimensional shapes – flat; circle,
square, triangle
2. 3-dimensional shapes – massive
and solid; sphere, cube, pyramid
Techniques artists use to present
works with depth
1. use of different possible angles of
viewing the object
2. variations in the thickness of the
edges
3. changes in color values
4. overlapping objects
Shape and the Content of
Composition
Shapes- are an expression of ideas
rather than as objective
representations of the outside world;
more of a reflection of the personality
of the artist that what is considered to
be objective reality
Square – stability, symmetry,
independence, monotony
Circle – confinement, self-reliance
Oval – creativity
Star- reaching out
Meanings associated with the
different shapes depend on their
complexity as to how they are used as
part of the whole composition and
the perceptive sensitivity of the
viewer.
The Element of Space
Space – a tricky element of the visual
arts
- involves both the physiological
capability of the visual system and the
physical manipulation of the two
dimensional surface to give the
viewer an illusion of depth or distance
Processes in physiologically
perceiving space
1. Stereoscopic vision gives the
viewer a perception of depth because
of the distance between the two eyes
Retinal disparity – two images of the
object
2. Kinesthetic vision – movement of
the eyes when looking at or viewing
the object;
- more ocular movements – near
- less ocular movements -far
Techniques in presenting depth on a
picture plane
1. Overlapping – grouped; impression
of near and distant objects
2. Relative size and linear
perspective – big objects are near;
small object far; the farther
Picture plane is divided into three (3)
parts:
1. Foreground – nearest to the
viewer
2. Middle ground
3. Background – upper part
The Effect of Space
Space has fascinated both the artists
and the viewers. The artists’
fascination is based on discovering
other ways to manipulate the picture
plane and create the illusion of
endless space. Space is seen with the
eye when the mind deems its
existence improbable.
The Element of Value
(Light and Shadow)
Value - the gradual change from light
to dark
Achromatic value – changes in the
amount of reflected light from
white to gray to black and from
black to gray to white
Cast shadow – product of light falling
on an object and is blocked
Chiaroscuro – technique of using light
and shadow in painting
Sfumato – a technique introduced by
Da Vinci where gradual blending
of light and shadow gave the
figures more realistic form and
depth
Caravaggio – dark manner paintings
of the Baroque period
Tenebrism – dark manner or the
exaggeration of chiaroscuro
Rembrant -perfected tenebrism in his
painting.
Texture – tactile sensations
–touch
Visual sensations – sight
Texture – weaving; the feel of the
surface of the woven fabrics; how
the surface of the material feels
and looks like
Visual texture – seeing texture
without touching
The Element of Time and Motion
Motion occurs through time.
Techniques in achieving motion and
time:
1. Actual movement – kinetic art
observed in modern sculptures;
aid of nature (air and water
currents) or mechanically driven.
2. Implied movement – a variety of
lines used together with some degree
of repetition; changes in the position,
scale or size of the objects in varying
proportions
Op art – technique of creating optical
repetition through manipulation
of color, shape and line

Descriptions of surfaces: smooth,

rough, soft, hard, cold, warm

Types of texture
1.Actual texture – the real feel and
look in the surface of the object;
three-dimensional
a. Impasto paintings (Van Gogh) – a
thick layer of pigment is put on
the surface
b. Collage (Picasso) – real objects like
paper, strings, leaves, etc. are
pasted on the plane
2. Simulated texture – a surface
character that looks real but is
not; attention to details
a. Purpose: fool the eye
b. Imitation of reality – real marble
3. Abstract texture – focus and
emphasis on one aspect of the
real texture to modify the texture
of the whole composition for
decorative and aesthetic effect
4.Invented texture – product of the
artist’s imagination usually seen
in abstract artwork