Gas Turbines

A F inmeccanica Company
 Ansaldo Energia brings to the market the most advanced
consolidated technology gas turbines, combining the
robustness of its standard design with its recognised
ability in fulfilling customer needs with tailored solutions.

GT arrangements Fuels

• gas turbine packages • gaseous

• power islands (natural gas and low
• turnkey combined cycle plants heating value gas)
• liquid

NOx emissions Manufacture in

compliance with

• present: 40 mg/Nm3 • Company’s ISO 9001

15% O2 dry (EN 29001)
certified quality
system

• target: 30 mg/Nm3
15% O2 dry

Ansaldo Energia Gas Turbines power installed (orders included) [MW].

18.000
Total: 118 gas turbines,
16.000 orders included
V94.3A
14.000
12.000
Power (MW)

10.000
8.000
6.000 V94.2

4.000
2.000 V64.3A
0 V64.3
1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

Years
Cumulated Equivalent Operating Hours, total AEN GTs: 3000 000 EOH
Efficiency Reliability Availability Easy maintenance Cost effectiveness
 300 V94.3A
Grid frequency: 50 Hz
Characteristics
- 15 stages axial-flow compressor
- annular combustion chamber with 24 hybrid burners and ceramic tiles
- 4 stages turbine with single-crystal turbine blades with thermal barrier coating and film cooling
250

V94.2K
200 Grid frequency: 50 Hz

Characteristics
ISO Power output [MW]

- V94.2 with 17 stages compressor, suitable for low heating value gases (LVH: 10.000
3.000 kJ/kg) derived from petroleum refining, coal and steel industry processes.

150

V94.2
Grid frequency: 50 Hz

Characteristics
100 - 16 stages axial-flow compressor
- 2 silo combustion chamber with 8 hybrid burners each and lined with ceramic tiles
- 4 stages turbine

50 V64.3A
Grid frequency: 50/60 Hz

Characteristics
- 15 stages axial-flow compressor
- annular combustion chamber with 24 hybrid burners and ceramic-coated heat shields
0 - 4 stages turbine with turbine blades with thermal barrier coating and film cooling

Thermodynamic data
ISO base load V64.3A V94.2 V94.2K V94.3A
Turbine inlet temp. acc. to ISO 2314 [±C] 1210 1075 1060 1230
Pressure ratio [-] 17.1 11,8 12.0 17.7
Power output at gen. term. [MW] 77 166 170 285
Efficency at gen term. [%] 36.0 34.5 36.5 39.6
Exhaust gas mass flow [kg/s] 213 531 540 690
Exhaust gas temperature [±C] 586 544 545 572
Manufacturing capabilities
In order to meet the challenge of increasing market com-
petitiveness, in recent years the Company has undergone a
major reorganization and invested heavily in human
resources, advanced technology and new products.
A significant portion of the investment was spent on con-
solidating and upgrading manufacturing facilitites,
to optimize the production of complete flange to flange
gas turbines, including hot gas path components.

The main centres of excellence at the factory are:

• The gas turbine hot blade production centre with six

creepfeed grinding machines and a dedicated electric
discharge machining cell with eigth plunging and two
cutting machines. Two measuring units are interfaced
with them for real time monitoring and correction. The
center is used to machine surfaces and cooling / sealing
channels on precision cast turbine rotor blades and
vanes.

• The steam and compressor blade production centre with

a series of stand alone NC milling machine and a flexible
machining system with six 5-axis machining centres,
three special 5-axis-5 spindle profile milling machines, a
measuring machine, six load/unload stations and 15
buffer stations. Their numeric control are driven dynami-
cally by the Cad/Cam system to support the large num-
ber of machines involved and the different type and size
of blades to produce.
The manufacturing capacity of the production site currently
stands at 18 gas turbines a year. A dedicated production
line for manufacturing rotor components has recently
improved the capacity by duplicating the most critical
machine tools.
Turbogas control system
The control system has been designed specifically by
Ansaldo Energia to meet the stringent requirements of new
generation advanced performance gas turbines, while at
the same time offering customers familiarity and ease of
maintenance.
System development has drawn on know-how gathered
during the implementation of hundreds of gas and
industrial steam turbine applications. Before release the
system was tested extensively at Ansaldo production
facilities with the support of dynamic real time simulators,
for fuel controller, sequence controller and protection
system.
System features
• Double redundancy in hot backup for all system proces-
sors.
• Functionally distributed redundant architecture to allow
fully automatically safe unit operation (golden push but-
ton i.e. completely automatic startup, shutdown and
operation).
• Modular architecture to accommodate the full range of
client requirements by adding pre-assembled HW and
SW modules.
• System designed for complete simple cycle applications
with a standard interface for combined cycle operation.
• Extensive use of displays, graphics and mimic diagrams
allows all plant diagnostic and supervision functions to
be centralised on the operator’s desk.
• Product specifications comply with the most widely used
industrial standards.
• Integrated system for single shaft application
(gas and steam turbines with a common generator).
System specifications
Control, protection and sequence functions are handled
separately, but created using the same functional blocks
and uniform technology.
High performance processors for critical controls (TG speed
fuel control, electrical transients, etc. – max cycle time:
8 msec).
Dedicated special boards for:
• automatic synchronization with the electric grid (TAS)
• hydraulic servo valve actuation (HSS 03)
• sequence event recorder (if required)
• VDU based operator interface (conventional tile panel
optional)
• 1,200 I/O for fully automatic operation and supervision
• 2/3 and 1/2 field mounted instrument redundancy.
Cobra combined cycle power plants
Ansaldo Energia supplies pre-designed combined cycle
installations incorporating VX4.2/VX4.3A gas turbines
known as Cobra plants (combined Brayton Rankine).
The full range of plant configurations covers all possible
customer arrangement, flexibility, reliability and availability
requirements.
All configurations are designed and optimised to provide a
completely integrated power generation system.
The product line (see table) covers a wide range of
applications.
The technical parameters of the bottoming steam cycle
(which affect plant cost and perfomance) are defined for
each individual application on the basis of an economic
analysis of capital costs, fuel costs, availability and customer
requirements in order to yield the highest thermal efficiency
at the lowest installed cost.
Cobra plant performances
Net Plant Net Plant Heat Grid No. &
Model Output Efficiency Rate Frequency Type
[MW] [%] [kJ/kWh] [Hz] GT

Cobra 164.3A 115 54.2 6647 50 1xV64.3A

Cobra 264.3A 233 54.7 6586 50 2xV64.3A

Cobra 194.2 246 51.7 6962 50 1xV94.2

Cobra 294.2 499 52.4 6873 50 2xV94.2

Cobra 194.3A 412 57.8 6225 50 1 x V94.3A

Cobra 294.3A 820 57.6 6248 50 2 x V94.3A

Iso condition with:
– condenser vacuum = 0.035 bar, except 0,050 bar for Cobra 2943A
– GT inlet pressure loss = 10 mbar ISO
– GT exhaust pressure loss = 30 / 30 / 35 mbar ISO resp. for V64.3A / V94.2 / V94.3A gas turbines
Ansaldo Energia has 150 years experience in the elec-
trical and mechanical engineering business. It is a

Petergraf
global player in the power generation sector with an
installed capacity of 160,000 MW.
Ansaldo Energia offers the full range of manufacturing,
engineering, contracting and service activities, as well
as a flexible approach to power projects.
Steam fossil fired, gas turbine and combined cycle,
hydroelectric, geothermal and nuclear power plants,
supplied turnkey, in separate lots or by components.

10/2006
Stampa Microart’s - Recco (Ge)

Via N. Lorenzi, 8 - 16152 Genova - Italy

Tel. +39.010.6551 - Fax +39.010.6556209
E-mail: ansaldoenergia@aen.ansaldo.it
www.ansaldoenergia.it