Solid Slab Bridges: Advantages,

Disadvantages and Principles

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After reading this article you will learn about:- 1. Advantages of Solid Slab Bridges 2.
Disadvantages of Solid Slab Bridges 3. Principles.
Advantages of Solid Slab Bridges:
Such type of decks has the following advantages over other type of
superstructures:
i) Formwork is simpler and less costly.

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ii) Smaller thickness of deck thereby reducing the height of fill and consequently the cost
of the approaches.

iii) Simpler arrangement of reinforcement. No stirrups or web reinforcement are

required. Reinforcement are evenly distributed throughout the full width of deck instead
of being concentrated at girder points.

iv) Placing of concrete in solid slab is much easier than in slab and girder or any other
similar type of bridges.

v) Chances of honey-combing in concrete are less.

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vi) Cost of surface finish is less than girder bridges.

vii) Quicker construction.

Disadvantages of Solid Slab Bridges:

The main disadvantages of solid slab bridges except for shorter spans are:
i) Greater cost of materials.

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ii) Larger dead loads.

Principles of Solid Slab Bridges:

The design principles of a solid slab bridge deck may be illustrated by the
following illustrative example:
Illustrative Example 1:
Design a solid slab bridge superstructure having a clear span of 9.0 metres
and carriageway of 7.5 metres with 1.5 metres wide footway on either side
for a National Highway. Loading: Single lane of IRC Class 70-R (both
wheeled and tracked) or two lanes of IRC Class A whichever produces
maximum effect:
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Effective Span

Assume an overall depth of slab, D = 675 mm. and clear cover 30 mm.

... Effective depth, d = 675 – cover – half dia of bar = 675 – 30 – 13 = 632 mm.
... Effective span = clear span + effective depth = 9.0 + 0.63 = 9.63 m
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Dead Load:
Load for per metre run per one metre width of slab is considered:
Live load moments:
The width is less than 3 times the effective span i.e. 11.03 m. < 3 x 9.63 (= 27.89 m).
Single lane of IRC 70-R tracked vehicle when placed at the centre will produce
maximum moment. Two lanes of Class A loading or single lane of Class 70-R (wheeled
vehicle) will not produce maximum moment.

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Dispersion of load across span:

Effective width for a single concentrated load.

be = Kx [1 – (x/L/)] + W ; b/L = 11.03/9.63 = 1.15

... K for simply supported slab from Table 5.2 = 2.62 for b/L = 1.15 ; W = 0.84 + 2 x
0.085 = 1.01 m.
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... be = 2.62 x 4.815 [1 – (4.815/9.63)] + 1.01.

= 2.62 x 4.815 x 0.5 + 1.01 = 7.32m.

Therefore, the effective widths of both the tracks overlap (Fig. 7.2). When the tracked
vehicle moves nearest to the road kerb― be = 3.66 + 2.04 + 3.385 = 9.085 m.

Dispersion of load along span

= 4.57 + 2 (0.675 + 0.085) = 4.57 + 1.47 = 6.09 m.

Design of Section:
M 20 grade concrete and HYSD bars (S 415) are proposed to be used in the slab.
Therefore, the following design parameters are used in the determination of depth and
reinforcement of the slab.

6c = 6.70 MPa; 6s= 200 MPa

From “Design Aids for Reinforced concrete to IS : 456 -1978”, the depth of
neutral axis, lever arm factor, modular ratio etc. are determined as follows:
Area of main reinforcement:

Shear Stress:
Dead load shear = 1972 x (9.63/2) − 1972 x 0.315 = 9495 − 622 = 8873 Kg/Metre width
Live load shear:
For getting maximum L.L. shear, the C.G. of the tracked vehicle must be at a distance of
half the longitudinal dispersion width i.e. ½ x 6.04 m. = 3.02 m. Although dispersion
width along span will remain unchanged, dispersion across span will vary.

Dispersion width across span from equation 5.1

Shear due to footway loading:
Shear – 1/2 x 9.63 x 106 = 509 Kg/metre width
Design shear = D.L. Shear + L.L. Shear + Footway Shear = 8873 + 6050 + 509= 15,432
Kg. = 15,432 x 9.8= 1,51,200 N

As per clause 304.7.1 of IRC bridge code, Section III (IRC : 21-1987), Shear stress =
V/bd

Shear stress = 1,51,200/1000×632 = 0.24 MPa

Basic permissible shear stress as per clause 304.7.3 of IRC:21-1987 for M20 concrete is
0.34 MP. Hence no shear reinforcement is necessary.

Check for bond failure:

To prevent bond failure, adequate anchorage length shall be provided for all the tensile
reinforcement at the ends as recommended in IRC:21-1987. Grade of concrete is M20
and reinforcing steel is HYSD bars as in the illustrative example 7.1. For further details,
the standard plans may be referred to

by Taboola
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