Moderator: Good Afternoon!

Moderator: As we may be aware of, technological intervention is inevitable in any sphere. It does
raise our bar of productivity, efficiency and safety to a level which is not achievable by humans.
The adoption of technology has overhauled manufacturing, servicing, product delivery and also
employment. But only in this time-period that technology has a notion of significantly shifting the
magnitudes of employment on jobs to unemployment.

Moderator: Thank you for sharing your time with us! Today’s Agenda is all about the “Rise of
Machines: Impact of Technology on Jobs”. Particularly, “why automation is different this time”.

Moderator: But before we continue let me introduce the experts who will explain to us the issue
on hand, our respective Panelists!

Moderator: our first panelist, he is a British political scientist and union organiser who is the tenth
and current Director-General of our United Nations International Labour Organization (UNILO).
Let’s Welcome Mr. Guy Ryder!

Moderator: our second panelist, he is an American economist who is the Chairman of the Council
of Economic Advisers. Let’s Welcome Mr. Glyn Kenneth!

Moderator: our third panelist, she is a manager on Google, particularly leading the Google Human
Resource Department. Let’s Welcome Ms. Jamila Tolentino.

Moderator: …and of course, we have Engr. Othniel Barcoma, one of today’s leading engineers,
who’s had a significant amount of work on automation, who can explain to us how far exactly has
automation gone throughout the years, just to put things into perspective.

Othniel: [general overview, history]

Moderator: Now that you’ve mentioned examples of machines being employed in factories in the
past to minimize human labor. But nowadays we can’t help but notice they’re taking over more
and more jobs. Should we alarm ourselves with this matter? What had pushed automation into
such lengths, which seems to continue to push them even further today?

Othniel: [answer]

Moderator: This brings us to look at how automation has affected employment in the present,
now that we know how much they have accomplished thus far. Mr. Ryder?

Aries: Regarding the current state of employment, Global economic growth increased by 3.6 per
cent in 2017, compared with 3.2 per cent in 2016 (IMF,2017a). This represents an upward revision
of 0.2 percentage points compared to the outlook a year ago, making 2017 the first year since 2010
in which actual growth outperformed projected growth. The increase in Global Economic growth
would possibly be an increase in employment as well, since today, workforce is very much needed
as not only would it help in increasing a country’s economic status but the lives of the workers as
well. One thing about machines taking over is that, they actually do create new jobs while
destroying pre-existing ones, and it's actually proportionated enough that not much loss is
generated. However, the problem comes with the current booming population we have today.
While yes, machines can destroy and replace jobs, but they can't generate enough to keep up with
the growing population.

Jamila: In our company for example…

Moderator: Given those trends, it is rightful to ask what jobs would be in-demand in the future?
Or should I say, who would benefit the most out of the onset of automation?

Aries: Thank you for that question. Teachers would be the most in-demand job in the future
because workforce will need a wide knowledge base as well as specialist skills. That means we’ll
need people to teach subjects such as English language, history and philosophy to prep candidates
for future jobs. Next in line would be Registered Nurses, they assess patient health needs and care
for patients, especially those who are geographically challenged. Engineers would take the third
spot since automation is rapidly advancing and the idea that machine would take on is almost
impending, they are needed for the fact that they would design and build these machines. Now,
there are a lot of Future in-demand jobs and we would never have the assurance that it will be
permanent since if really take on, a lot of these jobs will be scarred.

Moderator: Now that that question was raised, perhaps we could also discuss what particular jobs
would not require machines, as this somehow factors in to how much automation can further go.
What threshold would be their limit? Thoughts on the matter?

Aries: In this age of information, as much as I agree with how fast innovation has transgressed us,
there are still those jobs that will probably not be taken away by automation. One example would
be the job of each Religious preachers since it would not be practical for robots to take on the job
as instruments of each Religion’s deities. Teachers are also one for example, since teachers are
seen as second parents, they have the duty and obligation to nurture the growth of young people.
Caretakers are also jobs that cannot be replaced by robots since these machines aren’t capable of
having emotions and won’t have the physical dexterity to perform movements and action care
takers do every day. Let’s look into what would happen if machines were to preach or teach us
about our Religion? It won’t look and sound reliable since humans are rational beings and are
capable of emotions while machines which can only have intensive analysis if programmed.
Robots are deemed intelligent but they can never replace teachers since robots won’t have the
capability to judge a person on how he/she excels in the class. As aforementioned, robots or AIs
aren’t capable of having the emotions and the physical dexterity to take good care of patients. We
humans have the means of understanding each other not only through language transactions but
through gestures, expressions and body movements as well in which robots can never learn or
adapt. These are of course, just a few examples, to show that there are jobs that cannot be replaced
by technology in its current state since they require human ingenuity, rationality and emotions. At
least for now.

And we can't dismiss how prevalent these jobs are in the society. A lot of countries are
very religious in the sense that they worship for their self-fulfillment and I cannot judge them
because it is their belief, this is why Religious preachers are pretty much everywhere.

Teachers, are really needed since some countries are having insufficient workforce which
makes teachers one of the many jobs that are being taken on due to in-demands.

Caretakers are also prevalent since elders who are left behind by their children, for
example, don’t have the strength to take care of their selves. Not to mention this is one of the jobs
in which other countries ask for, for example in the UAE they ask for OFWs in the Philippines.

Moderator: And with all these things… how much productivity are we looking at when it comes
to machines? Have we gone more efficient as a race ever since machine workforce was introduced?
Has civilization progressed significantly?

Glynn: In the past, machines were the reason why our economy (increased?), since it automated
lots of simpler jobs to make way for more new jobs. But now that is not the case. As machines
take on more jobs, more & more humans have gone unemployed, though it did increase the (sales?)
of one company, less people will have to work. U see, our economies is based on the premise that
people consume, but if fewer & fewer people have decent work, who will be doing all the
consuming? We may soon be producing more than what we could consume, this means that less
people will buy stuff, since there are only a few people with decent jobs, and that will surely hurt
our economy.

Things used to be simpler. Innovation was what made human work easier and productivity
rose. With the invention of new machines, more new jobs were created that led to the rise of
productivity. But that was in the past. In our age today, as more machines take on jobs that humans
previously had, productivity is slowly declining. Sure, there are a lot of factors to be considered,
but what we want to look at here is (technology/machines?), since it is what affects productivity
the most. Let me cite an example. In 1979, general motors employed more than 800k workers and
made about $11b USD. In 2012, Google made about $14b USD while employing 58k people. In
the past, innovation made productivity rise, which meant fewer old jobs & many new and often
better jobs. But nowadays, innovation doesn't produce as much new jobs as before, leading to less
productivity. Society has undeniably progressed to the point where coexistence with machines
have been rooted to us.

Moderator: And if, just as a thought experiment, machines never existed and the industrial
revolution never happened. How would it compare to what we have now?
Glynn: I'll be frank. If there are no machines today, we'd probably be stuck on stone age. Machine
is the product of innovation, if machines were never invented, then that means humans weren't
innovative. Our way of life would not be the same if there are no machines. Productivity will
probably be stagnant forever, and standards of living would probably be low, and economy would
most likely never be (invented/discovered?), which is sad.

Moderator: On that note, what is everyone’s general forecast regarding what awaits us if this
trend in automation continues? That is – what does future leave us with the rise of machines?

Glynn: Well, yes and no. No, because we don't really need machines to live. Just look at the people
in the past. Rocks were enough for them to survive. But the human mind grew, and it realized that
rocks were not enough to hunt something bigger. That's when innovation comes in. From Spears
to bow and arrows, those were the first steps in innovation. Humans continued to innovate until
they invented the machines that we know today. Now, we need machines to do some of our jobs
for us, which makes our lives easier. We need machines to help cure certain diseases, help us with
our businesses and many others. Machines made our economy higher as the years went by and
machines is now the reason of its decline. Despite that, in our daily living, we somewhat do need
machines.

Emman: [answer]

Aries: Judging from the fact that 10 or 20 years later, technology would probably be abundant in
the sense that a lot of jobs would be taken away. By then, some jobs would only require maybe a
few full-time or permanent workers and maybe a reasonable number of part-time employees. It
would also be possible that some jobs will not hire any workers anymore because machines would
have a better performance without the cost of inaccuracy and the like.

Jamila: [support]

Moderator: Therefore, it’s inevitable for machines to take jobs where it is efficient at, like on
factories. How about the factory workers? Where do they fit in? What does this “future with
machines” hold for the working class of their trade?

Moderator: Now this is quite an excellent issue worthy of attention. What do you think?

Emman: [answer]

Aries: I’ve mentioned a while ago, jobs which may not be affected by technology namely:
Religious Preachers, Teachers, Caretakers and others. These jobs though may or may not be of
your choices and or forte, if machines do truly take over, we may be forced to these specific jobs.

Jamila: [answer]
Conclusion.

The nature of INNOVATION is really different this time. With the advent of Automation and all
other disruptions on the creation of new jobs had caused a huge gap between productivity and human labor.
We cannot deny the impact of technology on productivity. Although we are very confident that these
new technologies cannot affect some sectors of our society on the highest level, like Religion, Health,
Education, Journalism, and Government. Human workforce is really needed on this area. But still, we
cannot be sure of our future. And just a question on mind: if the machines will take our jobs and dominate
us, then will it make the super-rich people, who owns the machines, our masters? Thank You & Good
Afternoon!