Empleando el método de CROSS calcular las reacciones y diagramas de

cortantes y momento flector.

a. Ejercicio 1

SOLUCION.

PASO 1: calculo de momentos de empotramiento

 Tramo AB

11 (6)(3)2 3 32
𝑀𝐸𝐴𝐵 = − (6)(6)2 − [5 ( ) − 4 ( 2 )] = −16.43 𝑇. 𝑚
192 20 6 6

5 (6)(3)2 3 32
𝑀𝐸 𝐵𝐴 = (6)(6)2 + [10 − 15 ( ) + 6 ( 2 )] = 12.83 𝑇. 𝑚
192 30 6 6

 Tramo BC

(4)(2.5)(2)
𝑀𝐸 𝐵𝐶 = − (2.5) = −2.47 𝑇. 𝑚
(4.5)2
 (4)(2.5)(2)
𝑀𝐸 𝐶𝐵 = (2) = 1.96 𝑇. 𝑚
(4.5)2

 Tramo CD

5
𝑀𝐸 𝐶𝐷 = − (4.8)(6)2 = −9 𝑇. 𝑚
96

5
𝑀𝐸 𝐷𝐶 = (4.8)(6)2 = 9 𝑇. 𝑚
96

PASO 2: cálculo de rigideces

 Tramo AB
2𝐼 1
𝐾 𝐴 𝐵 = 𝐾 𝐵𝐴 = =
6 3
 Tramo BC
𝐼 2
𝐾𝐵𝐶 = 𝐾𝐶 𝐵 = =
4.5 9
 Tramo CD
1.5𝐼 1
𝐾𝐶 𝐷 = 𝐾𝐷𝐶 = =
6 4

PASO 3: factor de distribución

 Nudo A:

𝐷𝐴𝐵 = 0 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜

 Nudo B:
1
𝐵 3 3
𝐷 𝐴 = = = 0.6
1 2 5
3+9

2
𝐵 9 2
𝐷 𝐶 = = = 0.4
1 2 5
3+9
  Nudo C:
2
9 8
𝐷𝐶 𝐵 = = = 0.47
1 2 17
4+9

1
1 9
𝐷𝐶 𝐵 = = = 0.53
1 2 17
4+9

 Nudo D:
𝐷𝐷 𝐶 = 1 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑜

PASO 4: proceso de distribución

NUDO A B C D
ELEMENTO AB BA BC CB CD DC
FD 0 0.6 0.4 0.47 0.53 1
ME -16.43 12.83 -2.47 1.98 -9 9
MD 0 -6.21 -4.14 3.30 3.72 -9
MT -3.11 0 1.65 .2,07 -4.5 1.86
MD 0 -0.99 -0.66 1.14 1.29 -1.86
MT -0.5 0 0.57 -0.33 -0.93 0.65
MD 0 -0.34 -0.23 0.59 0.67 -0.65
MT -0.17 0 0.30 -0.12 -0.33 0.34
MD 0 -0.18 -0.12 0.21 0.24 -0.34
Σ -20.21 5.11 -5.10 8.84 -8.84 0

PASO 5: cálculo de reacciones

 Tramo AB
 ∑𝑴𝑨 = 𝟎 (↺ +)
𝟔(𝟑) 𝟏
𝟐𝟎. 𝟐𝟏 − 𝟔(𝟑)(𝟏. 𝟓) − (𝟑 + (𝟑)) − 𝟓. 𝟏𝟏 + 𝑹𝑩 (𝟔) = 𝟎
𝟐 𝟑
𝑹𝑩 = 𝟕. 𝟗𝟖 𝑻

∑𝑭𝒚 = 𝟎 (↑ +)
𝟔(𝟑)
𝑹𝑨 − 𝟔(𝟑) − + 𝟕. 𝟗𝟖 = 𝟎
𝟐
𝑹𝑨 = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟎𝟐 𝑻

 Tramo BC

∑𝑴𝑩 = 𝟎 (↺ +)
𝟓. 𝟏𝟏 − 𝟒(𝟐) − 𝟖. 𝟖𝟒 + 𝑹𝑪 (𝟒. 𝟓) = 𝟎
𝑹𝑪 = 𝟐. 𝟔𝟏 𝑻

∑𝑭𝒚 = 𝟎 (↑ +)
𝑹𝑩 − 𝟒 + 𝟐. 𝟔𝟏 = 𝟎
𝑹𝑩 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟗 𝑻

 Tramo CD

∑𝑴𝑪 = 𝟎 (↺ +)
𝟒. 𝟖(𝟑) 𝟐 𝟒. 𝟖(𝟑) 𝟏
𝟖. 𝟖𝟒 − ( (𝟑)) − (𝟑 + (𝟑)) + 𝑹𝑫 (𝟔) = 𝟎
𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑
𝑹𝑫 = 𝟓. 𝟕𝟑 𝑻

∑𝑭𝒚 = 𝟎 (↑ +)
𝟒. 𝟖(𝟑) 𝟒. 𝟖(𝟑)
𝑹𝑪 − − + 𝟓. 𝟕𝟑 = 𝟎
𝟐 𝟐
𝑹𝑪 = 𝟖. 𝟔𝟕 𝑻
PASO 6: reacciones finales
b. Ejercicio 2

PASO 1: cálculo de momentos de empotramiento

 Tramo AB

9(4) 22
𝑀𝐸𝐴𝐵 = − (4 − 2) (5 − 2 ) = −3.56 𝑇. 𝑚
96 4

9(4) 22
𝑀𝐸 𝐵𝐴 = (4 − 2) (5 − 2 ) = 3.56 𝑇. 𝑚
96 4

 Tramo BC
 (4)(32 ) 3 32 2(3) 3
𝑀𝐸 𝐵𝐶 = − [5 ( ) − 3 ( 2 )] − [2 − 3 ( )] = −1.39 𝑇. 𝑚
60 5 5 5 5

(4)(32 ) 3 32 2(2) 2
𝑀𝐸 𝐶𝐵 = [10 − 10 ( ) + 3 ( 2 )] + [2 − 3 ( )] = 3.67 𝑇. 𝑚
60 5 5 5 5

 Tramo CD

6(3)2 3 32
𝑀𝐸 𝐶𝐷 = − [4 ( ) − 3 ( 2 )] = −5.94 𝑇. 𝑚
12 5 5

𝐸
6(3)2 3 32
𝑀 𝐷𝐶 = [6 − 8 ( ) + 3 ( 2 )] = 10.26 𝑇. 𝑚
12 5 5

 Tramo DE

1.5
𝑀𝐸 𝐷𝐸 = −4(1.5) + 6(1.5) ( ) = −12.75 𝑇. 𝑚
2
PASO 2: cálculo de rigideces

 Tramo AB
2𝐼 1
𝐾 𝐴 𝐵 = 𝐾 𝐵𝐴 = =
4 2
 Tramo BC
1.5𝐼 3
𝐾𝐵 𝐶 = 𝐾𝐶 𝐵 = =
5 10
 Tramo CD
3𝐼 3
𝐾𝐶 𝐷 = 𝐾𝐷𝐶 = =
5 5

PASO 3: factor de distribución

 Nudo A:
𝐷𝐴𝐵 = 1 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑜
 Nudo B:
1
𝐵 2 5
𝐷 𝐴 = = = 0.63
1 3 8
2 + 10

3
𝐵 10 3
𝐷 𝐶 = = = 0.37
1 3 8
2 + 10

 Nudo C:
3
10 1
𝐷𝐶 𝐵 = = = 0.33
3 3 3
+
5 10

3
5 2
𝐷𝐶 𝐵 = = = 0.67
3 3 3
+
5 10

 Nudo D:
𝐷𝐷 𝐶 = 1 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑜
 PASO 4: proceso de distribución
NUDO A B C D
ELEMENTO AB BA BC CB CD DC DE
FD 1 0.63 0.37 0.33 0.67 1 0
ME -3.56 3.56 -1.39 3.67 -5.94 10.26 12.75
MD 3.56 -1.37 -0.80 0.75 1.52 2.49 0
MT -0.69 1.78 0.38 -0.4 1.25 0.76 0
MD 0.69 -1.36 -0.80 -0.28 -0.57 -0.76 0
MT -0.68 0.35 -0.14 -0.4 -0.38 -0.29 0
MD 0.68 -0.13 -0.08 0.26 0.52 0.29 0
MT -0.07 0.34 0.13 -0.04 0.15 0.26 0
MD 0.07 -0.30 -0.17 -0.04 -0.07 -0.26 0
Σ 0 2.87 -2.87 3.52 -3.52 12.75 12.75

PASO 5: cálculo de reacciones

 Tramo AB

∑𝑴𝑨 = 𝟎 (↺ +)
𝟗(𝟏) 𝟐 𝟗(𝟏) 𝟏
− ( (𝟎. 𝟓)) − 𝟗(𝟐)(𝟐) − (𝟑 + (𝟎. 𝟓)) − 𝟖(𝟒) − 𝟐. 𝟖𝟕 + 𝑹𝑩 (𝟒) = 𝟎
𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑
𝑹𝑩 = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟔𝟔 𝑻

∑𝑭𝒚 = 𝟎 (↑ +)
𝟗(𝟏) 𝟗(𝟏)
𝑹𝑨 − − 𝟗(𝟐) − − 𝟖 + 𝟐𝟏. 𝟔𝟔 = 𝟎
𝟐 𝟐
𝑹𝑨 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟑𝟒 𝑻
 Tramo BC

∑𝑴𝑩 = 𝟎 (↺ +)
𝟒(𝟑) 𝟐
𝟐. 𝟖𝟕 + 𝟐 − (𝟐 + (𝟑)) + 𝑹𝑪 (𝟓) − 𝟑. 𝟓𝟐 = 𝟎
𝟐 𝟑
𝑹𝑪 = 𝟒. 𝟓𝟑 𝑻

∑𝑭𝒚 = 𝟎 (↑ +)
𝟒(𝟑)
𝑹𝑩 − 𝟖 − + 𝟒. 𝟓𝟑 = 𝟎
𝟐
𝑹𝑩 = 𝟗. 𝟒𝟕 𝑻

 Tramo CD

∑𝑴𝑪 = 𝟎 (↺ +)
𝟑. 𝟓𝟐 − 𝟔(𝟑)(𝟐 + 𝟏. 𝟓) + 𝑹𝑫 (𝟓) − 𝟏𝟐. 𝟕𝟓 = 𝟎
𝑹𝑫 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟒𝟓 𝑻

∑𝑭𝒚 = 𝟎 (↑ +)
𝑹𝑪 − 𝟔(𝟑) + 𝟏𝟒. 𝟒𝟓 = 𝟎
𝑹𝑪 = 𝟑. 𝟓𝟓 𝑻
PASO 6: reacciones finales
c. Ejercicio 3

SOLUCION
PASO 1: cálculo de momentos de empotramiento

 Tramo AB

1.5
𝑀𝐸𝐴𝐵 = −4(1.5) (1 − ) = −4.2 𝑇. 𝑚
5

1.5
𝑀𝐸 𝐵𝐴 = 4(1.5) (1 − ) = 4.2 𝑇. 𝑚
5

 Tramo BC
 1 (8)(2.5)(2)
𝑀𝐸 𝐵𝐶 = − (4)(4.5)2 − (2.5) = −11.69 𝑇. 𝑚
12 (4.5)2

1 (8)(2.5)(2)
𝑀𝐸 𝐶𝐵 = (4)(4.5)2 + (2) = 10.70 𝑇. 𝑚
12 (4.5)2

 Tramo CD

𝑀𝐸 𝐶𝐷 = −4(3)(1.5) = −18 𝑇. 𝑚

PASO 2: cálculo de rigideces

 Tramo AB
2𝐼 2
𝐾 𝐴 𝐵 = 𝐾 𝐵𝐴 = =
5 5
 Tramo BC
1𝐼 2
𝐾𝐵𝐶 = 𝐾𝐶 𝐵 = =
4.5 9
 Tramo CD
𝐾𝐶 𝐷 = 𝐾𝐷𝐶 = 0

PASO 3: factor de distribución

 Nudo A:
 𝐷𝐴𝐵 = 0 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜
 Nudo B:
1
2 5
𝐷 𝐵𝐴 = = = 0.63
1 3 8
2 + 10

3
10 3
𝐷𝐵 𝐶 = = = 0.37
1 3 8
2 + 10

 Nudo C:
𝐷𝐶 𝐵 = 1

 Nudo E:
𝐷𝐸 𝐶 = 𝑂 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜

PASO 4: proceso de distribución

NUDO A B C
ELEMENTO AB BA BC CB CD CE
FD 0 0.64 0.36 1 0 0
ME -4.2 4.2 -11.69 10.70 -18 0
MD 0 4.79 2.70 7.3 0 0
MT 2.40 0 3.65 1.35 0 0
MD 0 -2.34 -1.31 -1.35 0 0
MT -1.17 0 -0.68 -0.66 0 0
MD 0 0.44 0.24 0.66 0 0
MT 0.22 0 0.33 0.12 0 0
MD 0 -0.21 -0.12 -0.12 0 0
MT -0.11 0 -0.06 -0.06 0 0
MD 0 0.04 0.02 0.06 0 0
Σ -2.86 6.92 -6.92 18 -18 12.75
PASO 5: cálculo de reacciones

 Tramo AB

∑𝑴𝑨 = 𝟎 (↺ +)
𝟐. 𝟖𝟔 − 𝟒(𝟏. 𝟓) − 𝟒(𝟑. 𝟓) − 𝟔. 𝟗𝟐 + 𝑹𝑩𝑿 (𝟒) = 𝟎
𝑹𝑩 = 𝟒. 𝟖𝟏𝑻

∑𝑭𝒙 = 𝟎 (→ +)
−𝑹𝑨𝒙 + 𝟒 + 𝟒 − 𝟒. 𝟖𝟏 = 𝟎
𝑹𝑨 = 𝟑. 𝟏𝟗 𝑻

 Tramo BC
 ∑𝑴𝑩 = 𝟎 (↺ +)
𝟒. 𝟓
𝟔. 𝟗𝟐 − 𝟖(𝟐). 𝟒(𝟒. 𝟓) ( ) + 𝑹𝑪 (𝟒. 𝟓) − 𝟏𝟖 = 𝟎
𝟐
𝑹𝑪 = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟎𝟐 𝑻

∑𝑭𝒚 = 𝟎 (↑ +)
𝑹𝑩 − 𝟖 − 𝟒(𝟒. 𝟓) + 𝟏𝟓. 𝟎𝟐 = 𝟎
𝑹𝑩 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟗𝟖 𝑻

 Tramo CD

∑𝑭𝒚 = 𝟎 (↑ +)
𝑹𝑪 − 𝟒(𝟑) = 𝟎
𝑹𝑪 = 𝟏𝟐 𝑻