Unit 4 – Earth and Space Science

Key Term Definition Link

1 Water It is how the evaporates form the earth, then goes to https://pmm.nasa.gov/e
cycle/hydrologi the atmosphere cools down and condenses then it ducation/water-cycle
c cycle. Say falls again in precipitation.
what it is and
give a simple
diagram.

2 Transpiration It is the process in which water evaporates from https://www.toppr.com/

plants and goes to the atmosphere. guides/biology/transport-
in-plants/transpiration/

3 precipitation It is how the water moves through the earth https://pmm.nasa.gov/ed

ucation/water-cycle

4 Surface run off It is water that comes from rain, snowmelt, and https://www.sciencedail
other stuff that flow over the land surface. y.com/terms/surface_run
off.htm

5 Condensation It is when water vapor changes to liquid water. https://study.com/acade

my/lesson/what-is-
condensation-definition-
examples-quiz.html

6 precipitation It is how the water moves through the earth https://pmm.nasa.gov/e

ducation/water-cycle

7 percolate Something that is used to filter water or liquid https://www.dictionary.c

om/browse/percolate

8 Ground water It is water found under the ground, it is collected https://www.groundwat

between the soil, sand, and rocks. er.org/get-
informed/basics/ground
water.html

9 Tides The rise and fall of the see that happens due to the https://dictionary.cambri
moon dge.org/dictionary/englis
h/tide

10 Biosphere The spaces in earth where there is life. https://www.biodiversid

ad.gob.mx/v_ingles/plan
et/whatis_bios.html

11 Geosphere It is the solid ground of the earth, known also as the http://www.softschools.
earth’s crust. com/facts/geography/ge
osphere_facts/2578/
12 Atmosphere It is 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.9% argon and http://coolcosmos.ipac.c
0.03% carbon dioxide. It is the earth’s sky. altech.edu/ask/64-What-
is-the-atmosphere-of-
Earth-made-of-
13 Lithosphere It is the solid outer part of the earth. It also includes https://www.nationalge
the upper mantle and crust. ographic.org/encyclopedi
a/lithosphere/

14 hydrosphere The layer on water on earth’s surface, it includes https://www.britannica.c

frozen surfaces, surface water, and ground water. om/science/hydrosphere
15 Cryosphere The frozen water on the earth. https://oceanservice.noa
a.gov/facts/cryosphere.ht
ml
16 Asthenosphere Beneath the lithosphere, in the zone of the earth’s https://www.britannica.c
mantle. om/science/asthenosphe
re
17 Rock A collection of minerals that forms a solid unit. https://www.britannica.c
om/science/rock-geology
18 Erosion The process in which the earth gets worn down by http://teacher.scholastic.
wind, rain, and natural disasters. com/dirt/erosion/whater
os.htm
19 Weathering When rocks break down on the earth surface due to https://www.geolsoc.org
rainwater and extreme temperature. .uk/ks3/gsl/education/res
ources/rockcycle/page34
61.html
20 Igneous rock Rocks that are made of the solidification of molten https://geology.com/roc
rock material. ks/igneous-rocks.shtml
21 Sedimentary Rocks that are made of the buildup of sediments. https://geology.com/roc
rock ks/sedimentary-
rocks.shtml
22 Metamorphic They have been modified by hear, pressure, and https://geology.com/rock
rock chemical processes. They are usually buried so deep s/metamorphic-
in the earth where they can be exposed to those rocks.shtml
conditions.
23 Mantle It’s between the earth’s core and thin outer layer. https://www.nationalge
ographic.org/encyclopedi
a/mantle/
24 Lava It is molten rock that erupts from volcanoes and into https://www.britannica.c
the earth’s surfaces. om/science/lava-
volcanic-ejecta
25 Sedimentary Relating to rocks formed when sediment is deposited https://www.dictionary.c
and becomes tightly compacted. om/browse/sedimentary
26 Rock cycle https://www.learner.org
/interactives/rockcycle/di
agram.html
27 Mineral Substances that are present in nature and be made http://www.eniscuola.ne
of one or more elements. t/en/argomento/subsoil/r
ocks-and-minerals/what-
are-minerals/
28 Earthquake Shaking of the earth plates because of sudden https://www.britannica.c
energy release in the earth’s crust. om/science/earthquake-
geology
29 fossil The remains of ancient animals that are preserved https://www.nationalgeo
on earth graphic.org/encyclopedia
/fossil/
30 Magma Hot liquid that is located under the earth layered https://www.nationalge
structure. ographic.org/encyclopedi
a/magma/
31 Earth’s core The inner shell of the earth, and it is very hot and https://www.nationalgeo
dense. It is located in the center of the planet. graphic.org/encyclopedia
/core/
32 Earth’s crust The outer shell of the earth https://www.nationalgeo
graphic.org/encyclopedia
/crust/
33 Solar system It consists of 8 plants and the sun. http://solarviews.com/e
ng/solarsys.htm
34 Name the Mercury – Venus – Earth – Mars – Jupiter – Saturn https://www.space.com/
planets in the – Uranus – Neptune 16080-solar-system-
solar system planets.html
35 List the 1- Sun https://www.space.com/
planets in the 2- Mercury 16080-solar-system-
solar system 3- Venus planets.html
starting from 4- Earth
the sun 5- Mars
6- Jupiter
7- Saturn
8- Uranus
9- Neptune

36 Phases of the New moon  Waxing crescent  First quarter 

moon waxing gibbous  full waning Gibbous  third https://www.timeanddat
quarter  waning crescent  dark moon e.com/calendar/aboutmo
onphases.html
37 Draw a picture
of all the
phases of the
moon and
name each
phase.
38 Global Climate change on earth that causes temperatures to https://www.climatehot
warming rise, ice to melt, and harm to the environment. map.org
39 Ozone Layer It is between 15 and 35 km above the earth surface. https://www.britannica.c
om/science/ozone-layer
40 Greenhouse Any gas that can absorb infrared radiation coming https://www.britannica.c
Gas from the earth surface and reradiating it back to om/science/greenhouse-
earth. gas