Sistemas de

Informação em
Gestão
Cap. 1 - Conceitos
Fundamentais
13000907@edu.ulusiada.pt
 Chapter
1
Conceitos Fundamentais

Informação, dados e conhecimento

Sistemas abertos e fechados
Sistemas de informação
Utilização dos SI nas organizações
 Sumário
Understand the concept of a system and how it relates to
information systems.

Explain why knowledge of information systems is important for

business professionals and identify 5 areas of information systems.

Become familiar with the myriad of career opportunities in

information systems.

Identify basic competitive strategies and explain how a business can

use IT to confront the competitive forces it faces.

Identify several strategic uses of IT and give examples of how they

give competitive advantages to a business.

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 Why study Information Systems and
Information Technology?
Vital component of successful
businesses

Helps businesses expand and

compete

Businesses use IS and IT

• To improve efficiency and effectiveness of
business processes
• For managerial decision making
• For workgroup collaboration
1-4
 What is a system?

Is a set of interrelated components

With a clearly defined boundary

Working together to achieve a

common set of objectives
1-5
 Sistema na wikipédia

Um sistema (σύστημα), é
Vindo do grego o termo
um conjunto de elementos
"sistema" significa
interconectados, de modo
"combinar", "ajustar",
a formar um todo
"formar um conjunto".
organizado.

Aspectos importantes:
• Sinergia
• Homeostase
• Modelizar o sistema
• Análise dos componentes vs
visão holista

1-6
 What is an Information System?

An organized combination of

• People
• Hardware
• Software
• Communications networks
• Data resources
• Policies and procedures

That stores, retrieves, transforms, and

disseminates information in an organization
1-7
 Sistema de Informação na
Wikipédia
Sistema de Informação é a expressão
utilizada para descrever
um sistema automatizado (que pode ser
denominado como Sistema de Informação
Computadorizado), ou mesmo manual, que
abrange pessoas, máquinas, e/ou métodos
organizados para coletar, processar,
transmitir e disseminar dados que
representam informação para o usuário.
1-8
 Information System (IS) versus Information
Technology (IT)
IS is all the
components and
IT is hardware,
resources necessary to
software, networking
deliver information
and data management
and functions to the
organization

We will focus on
In theory, IS could be Computer-Based
paper based Information Systems
(CBIS)
1-9
 IS Knowledge Framework for
Business Professionals

1-10
 What should a Business Professional
know about IS?

Foundation Information Business Development Management

Concepts Technology Applications Processes Challenges

•fundamental •Hardware, •Major uses of •How to plan, •The

behavioral, software, the IS in the develop and challenges of
technical, networks, organization implement IS effectively
business and data to meet and ethically
managerial management business managing IT
concepts and Internet- opportunities
based
technology

1-11
 What does IS do for a business?

1-12
 What is E-business?

The use of Internet technologies

• to work and empower business processes,
electronic commerce, and enterprise
collaboration
• within a company and with its customers,
suppliers, and other business stakeholders.

An online exchange of value.

1-13
 How e-business is being used

1-14
 E-business use

Reengineer internal business processes

Enterprise collaboration systems

• support communications, coordination and
collaboration among teams and work groups, e.g.,
virtual teams
Electronic commerce
• buying, selling, marketing and servicing of
products and services over computer networks
1-15
 Types of IS

1-16
 Operations support systems
Efficiently
process business
transactions
Control
industrial
processes
Support
communications
and collaboration
Update corporate
databases
1-17
 Management Support Systems

Provide
information and
support for
effective decision
making by
managers
1-18
 Challenges and Opportunities of IT

1-19
 Measuring success of an IS
Efficiency Effectiveness ???
• Minimize cost, • Support • Difference
time and use of business between
information strategies Efficiency and
resources • Enable Effectiveness?
business
processes
• Enhance
organizational
structure and
culture
• Increase the
customer and
business value
1-20
 Developing IS Solutions

1-21
 Systems have three basic functions:

Input involves capturing and assembling

elements that enter the system to be
processed

Processing involves transformation process

that convert input into output

Output involves transferring elements that

have been produced by the transformation
process to their ultimate destination
1-22
 Cybernetic system
All systems have:

• Input, processing and output

Cybernetic systems (self-

monitoring, self-regulating) add:
• Feedback is data about the performance of a
system
• Control involves monitoring and evaluating
feedback to determine whether a system is
moving towards the achievement of its goal
1-23
 A Cybernetic system

1-24
 A business as a system

1-25
 Information systems model

1-26
 Data versus Information
Data are raw facts about physical phenomena or
business transactions

Information is data that has been converted into

meaningful and useful context for end users

Example:

• Sales data is names, quantities and dollar amounts

• Sales information is amount of sales by product type, sales
territory or salesperson
1-27
 Informação

Informação é o resultado do
processamento, manipulação e
organização de dados de tal
forma que represente uma
modificação (quantitativa ou
qualitativa) no conhecimento do
sistema que a recebe.
1-28
 Dados

Informações registo que identifica

alguma coisa tanto objecto ou
animal
Os dados podem consistir
em números, palavras ou imagens,
as medições e observações de um
conjunto de variáveis
1-29
 Conhecimento

Conhecimento é aquilo que se sabe de algo ou alguém

Platão, diz que ele consiste de crença verdadeira e justificada.

Aristóteles divide o conhecimento em três

áreas: CIENTÍFICA, PRÁTICA e TÉCNICA.

O conhecimento não pode ser inserido num computador por

meio de uma representação, pois neste caso seria reduzido a
uma informação.
1-30
 Knowledge Creation

• Consistently creates new

Knowledge- business knowledge
creating • Disseminates it
company or throughout the company
learning • And builds in the new
organization knowledge into its
products and services

2-31
 Two kinds of knowledge

Explicit
Tacit knowledge
knowledge
•Data, •The “how-to”
documents and knowledge
things written which reside in
down or stored workers’
on computers minds
2-32
 How can we provide customer
value?
Track individual preferences

Keep up with market trends

Supply products, services and information
anytime, anywhere
Provide customer services tailored to
individual needs
Use Customer Relationship Management
(CRM) systems to focus on customer
2-33
 Business Process Reengineering
Called BPR or Reengineering
• Fundamental rethinking and radical
redesign
• Of business processes
• To achieve improvements in cost,
quality, speed and service

Potential payback high

Risk of failure is also high
2-34
 Agility

Agility is the ability of An agile company can

a company to prosper make a profit with
• In a rapidly • Broad product ranges
changing, continually • Short model lifetimes
fragmenting • Mass customization
• Global market for • Individual products
high-quality, high- in large volumes
performance,
customer-configured
products and services

2-35
 Four strategies for agility
An agile company:

• Provides products as solutions to their customers’

individual problems
• Cooperates with customers, suppliers and
competitors to bring products to market as quickly
and cost-effectively as possible
• Organizes so that it thrives on change and
uncertainty
• Leverages the impact of its people and the
knowledge they possess
2-36
 Virtual Company
Creates inter-
A virtual company enterprise
uses IT to link information
systems
• People, • to link customers,
• Organizations, suppliers,
• Assets, subcontractors
and competitors
• And ideas

2-38
 Resumo

Sistemas

Sistemas de Informação

Sistemas de Informação em Gestão

Estratégias Competitivas e o papel das TIC

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 Cap. 1 - Conceitos
Fundamentais

Leituras

O’Brien & Marakas, cap. 1 e 2

Dúvidas:
fernandoacgaspar@gmail.com

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SIG 0