4, Agustus 2010 Rama R, Sitinjak : Pemanfaatan Meristin dalam Teknlk Kuhur ,Iaringat
Oteh
RamaR.Sitinjak
Dosen Kopertis Wilayah I dpk UNPN, Medon
Abstract
The aim of this article is to explain the utility of meristem on the technique of tissue culture. In this article,
meristem culture, implementqtion procedure of meristem culture, andfactors that in/luence success in meristem
eultire will be arplained. Meristematic dome tissue that is used to meristem culture is apical meristem or axillary
shoot meristem. The meristem *plants are used to decrease the eontaminated culture tissue and to get a number
of normal plants, as well as virus-free explants with the size about 0,1 * 0.5 mm. In the use of meristem culture, the
culture procedure must be implemented uactly, so that the result can be suitable to the purpose.
et al., 1998). MoiurutEndress (1994) Bhojwani, S.S. and M.K. Razdan . l99 6. Plant tissue
0BA) (Rout
kombinasi sitokinin dan auksin hanya culture: Theory and practice. Elsevier
menghasilkan perhrmbuhan tunas. Akan tetapi Amsterdam, Oxford, New Yorlq Toltyo.
dalam banyak hal, sitokinin, auksin dan asam
giberelat tampaknya diperlukan untuk ChrL I.Y.B. and S.L. KurE. 1990. Micropropagationof
pengembangan tumbuhan nomal. Narrun pada floriculture crops. P. 127-159. Vol.5. InP.Y.
kultur meristem tidak menutup kemungkinan Ammirato et al. (ed) Handbook of plant cell
berhasil juga pada medium lain. Demikian juga culture. McGraw-Hill, Sydney, Tokyo,
jenis zat pengatw tumbuh dapat berpenganrh Toronto.
pada potensi regenerasi kultur meristem. Seperti
pada kultnr meritem Gentiana pneumonanthe Dodds. J.H., and L.W. Roberts. 1995. Experiments in
L. lebih efektif diregenerasi dalam medium MS plant tissue culture. Cambridge Univ. Press,
yang ditambalkan 2,4'D daripada Picloram. USA.
@ach and Pawlowskq 2003). Jadi keberhasilan
kultur meristem dalam regenerasi tumbuhan Endress. R. 1994. Plant cell biotechnolory. Springer-
normal tidak hanya tergantung kepada jenis Verlag, Berlir; Heidelberg.
media, komposisi medium, jenis dan konsentasi
zat pengatur tumbutr, serta konilisi linghmgan Esau, K. 1976. Plant anatomy. Wiley Eastern Ltd, New
yang tepat, tetapi juga pada ukuran meristem Delhi, Bangalore, Bombay, Calcutta.
tunas eksplan.
Fosket, D.E. 1994. Plant growth and development A
II[,PENUTTJP molecular approach. Academic Press, Inc,
Eksplan meristem yang digunakan dalam Sanb Diego, New York, Boston, London,
kultur jaringan dapat berupa meristom apikal atau Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto.
meristem tunas aksiler. Kulnr meristem ini digtmakan
untuk mengurangi jaringan lnrltur terkontaminasi dan llafimann, H.T., D.E. Kester, and F.T. Davies. 1990.
mendapatfan s.jumUn-t"o.rrn normal, serte dapat Plant propagation: Principles and practices.
dijadikan eksplan yang bebas virus, Dolam Fifttr edition. Prentice-Hll International Inc,
pemanfaatan eksplan meristem pada kultur jaringan EnglewoodCliffs.
harus perlu diperhatikan prosedur pelaksanaan kulnr
meristem tersebut, sehingga dalam regenerasi kultur Hettiarachchi, A. I 988. Tissue culture and meristem
meristem dapat berhasil sesuai dengan tujuannya. culture in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Q.)
Apabita tujuannya untrk menghilangkan infe'lsi virus .[am. ARC Ttaining, Sri Langka.
sistemik, maka ukuran kultur meristem sekitar 0,1 -
0,5rml Kartha, K,K. 1981. Meristem culture and
cryopreservation methods and applications.
p. l8l-209. InT.A. Thorpe (ed.) Planttissue
culture: Mothods and applications in
DAFIARPUSf,AI(A agricultur. Academic Press.' Inc, Montrea,
Sydney, Tokyo.
Ahmad,A., H. Zhong, W. Wang, andM.B. Sticklen. Mariska,I. and S.F. Syahid. 1994. Propagation of
2002. Shoot apical meristem: In vitro gingerthroughmeristemculture. J.Indust.
regeneration and morphogenesis in wheat Crops. Res.7 (1): l-6.
(Tiitiam aestivumL.). Invirro Cell. Dev Biol.
Plant 38: 163-167. Rout, G.R., P. Das, S. Goel, and S.N. Raina. 1998.
Genetic stability of micropropagated plants
Akbar, M.A., B.K. Karmakar, and S.K. Roy.2003. of ginger. Bot. Bull. Acad. SirL 39: 23-27 .
Callus induction and high-frequency plant
regeneration of pineapple (Ananas comosut Sahrawat, A.K. and S. Chand. 2001. Continuous
(L,)Merr). PlantTissueCult. 13 (2): 109-116. somatic embryogenesis and plant
regeneration from hypocotyl segments
Bach, A. and B. Pawlowska. 2003. Somatic P s orale a corylifoli a Lim, an endangered and