Hint: review the concept check questions – these are great quick quiz questions!
In redox reactions, oxidation (the loss of electrons from one substance) and
reduction (the addition of electrons to another substance) occur. A reducing agent
is the electron donor and the oxidizing agent is the electron acceptor.
As electron loses potential energy when it shifts from a less electronegative atom
toward a more electronegative one.
5. Label the diagram below of the electron movement with regard to the coenzyme
NAD+.
O CH2
O P O-
O
O P O-
O
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6. Why are electron transport chains an advantage to living systems?
they break the fall of electrons too oxygen into several energy releasing steps
instead of one explosive reaction
Glucose
2 Pyruvate + 2 H2O
Net
Glucose 2 Pyruvate + 2 H2O
4 ATP formed – 2 ATP used 2 ATP
2 NAD+ + 4e- + 4H+ 2 NADH + 2 H+
10. Label the transition reaction converting pyruvate to acetyl coA below:
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CYTOSOL MITOCHONDRION
NAD+ NADH + H+
O S CoA
C O
C O
C O
CH3
CH3 ACETYL CoA
PYRUVATE CO2 Coenzyme A
Transport Protein
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b. What is happening when NAD+ NADH + H+?
NAD+ is oxidized reducing it to NADH
H+
ADP
+
P ATP
MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX
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15. Label the diagram below of the activities occurring on the ECT.
16. Complete the summary diagram of cellular respiration. You are responsible for
these #’s and locations!
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17. Label the diagram of fermentation below:
19. What is the overall purpose of fermentation? Why does it have to occur?
fermentation is a pathway used under anaerobic conditions. it is needed to
produce energy or ATP where there is no oxygen present. its products are yeast,
alcohol, the fermentation of many foods, and lactic acid in muscles
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22. Why do fats provide a little more than twice as many calories per gram as
compared to carbohydrates or proteins? Hint: Think of the output of the Citric Acid
Cycle.
there is a greater change in the oxidation of the carbon atom found in fatty acids
more than proteins and carbs.
23. Why would AMP stimulate cellular respiration and ATP inhibit it?
Since the purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ATP, when a cell senses that
it has lots of ATP, it will reduce the amount of cellular respiration it's performing.
When a cell senses that it has lots of AMP it tells the cell that it's used up a lot of
ATP and therefore needs to make more.
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