MOBILE PHONE CHARGER USING WIND ENERGY

D.V.S. YASWANTH1, G.M.V.S.S.VAIBHAV1, DVSSSVPRASAD2

1) II YEAR ME Students, RIT, Yanam.
2) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, RIT, Yanam.

Abstract:

Energy is the primary and most universal measure of all kinds of work by human beings and
nature. There is enough wind energy spread around the world to meet our global electricity
needs more than four times over. Less than 0.1% of global wind resource is currently being
used. Efforts are on to introduce the cost-effective wind energy conversion systems for the
renewable and environmental sources. Presently there is a scarcity of conventional fuels in
the world, so there is need to utilize renewable energy sources. The aim of this paper is to
utilize wind energy in generating the electric power. A model is fabricated by gathering the
individual components and subjecting the fan to high velocity of winds. The fan is coupled to
an electric generator which in turn generates the required voltage and current to charge the
mobile phone hand set.

1. Introduction:

Energy is an important input in all sectors of any country’s economy. Energy crisis is a
global problem. Energy crisis is due to two reasons; firstly that the population of the world
has increased rapidly and secondly the standard of living of human beings has increased. The
rapid rate at which known reserves of conventional fuels are getting depleted and escalating
cost of the fuel has been major causes of concern. Periodic price hike of crude oil has made
that of energy most uneconomical.

To meet the energy crisis, either the efficiency of existing energy conversion methods
are to be improved or conserve the present sources of energy or develop alternative sources
of energy, specially the renewable sources of energy such as solar, wind, hydel, tidal and
geothermal which are inexhaustible and can be replenished at rapid rate. The Non-
conventional sources can be the best choice for power generation as there would be a never-
ending supply of the power. All the countries in the world are coming forward and investing
in the installation of power production plants. This has resulted in both cost-effective
production and creating additional local employment.

The alternative resources such as wind, tidal, geothermal, solar, have reached at a
stage to play an important supportive role to conventional source. The use of renewable
energy could help to conserve foreign exchange and generate local employment if
conservation technologies are designed, manufactured, assembled and installed locally.

The first wind mill was developed in china many centuries ago. Since late 70’s many
windmills have been operating in Europe and America. The modern wind turbine came into
existence due to oil crisis when many power companies considered wind power as an
alternative source of energy for fossil fuel to generate electrical energy, and most of the wind
turbines of mega watt range are technically and economically viable.

The wind power potential in our country is of the order of 45000MW. Harnessing
wind energy for generating the electricity has picked up momentum in the last few years. As
a result, installed capacity of wind power stations has gone up to 3595MW. Most commonly
used energy conversion device from wind to electricity is induction generators.

The details of a mobile phone charger and the components used in assembling the
charger have been listed out and the working of each component has been discussed. The
complete fabrication details of a mobile phone charger along with the required circuit
diagrams have been furnished.

2. Literature Survey

2.1. Wind Energy in India

Among the different available renewable energy sources, wind energy is currently making a
significant contribution to the installed capacity of power generation, and is emerging as a
competitive option. As a result, India, with an installed capacity in excess of 1220MW, ranks
fourth in the world after Germany, Spain, and USA in wind power generation.

Onshore wind potential assessed as 45000MW in early 1990’s assumes 1% land

availability for wind power generation in the potential areas. Nearly 1150 wind resources
assessment programs and fifty of the wind-monitoring stations are in operation.

The original impetus to develop wind energy in India came in early 1980’s from the
erstwhile department of non-conventional energy sources, now known as the MNES
(Ministry of non-conventional energy sources). There was a move to encourage
diversification of fuel sources away from the growing demand for coal, oil and gas required
to feed the country’s rapid economic growth. The government has since allocated 80% of the
depreciation in the first year of installation of the project as direct taxes and a tax holiday till
2007.
 All the state governments have been directed to create an attractive environment for
the export, purchase, wheeling, and banking of electricity generated by wind power projects.
These incentives have encouraged industries to invest in wind power. Owing a wind turbine
assures them to un-interrupted power supply to their industry in any country where power
failures are common. Wind farms in India, therefore, often consist of clusters of individually
owned generators.

Recently, some Indian manufacturers have started to export their products. About 10
wind turbine manufacturers are currently offering their products to the Indian market. The
geological spread of Indian wind power has so far been concentrated in a few regions,
especially the southern state of Tamilnadu, Which accounts for more than half of the
installations. This is a beginning to change, with other states, including Andhra Pradesh,
Gujarat, Maharashtra and Rajasthan, catching up. The result is that wind farms can be seen
under construction right across the country, from the coastal plains to the hilly areas and
sandy deserts.

The power density in the world will range from 10W/m2 at 2.5m/s (light breeze) to
41,000 W/m2 at 40m/s (hurricane).This variability of the wind power resource strongly
influences virtually all aspects of wind energy conversion system design, construction,
sitting, use and economy.

Large areas of the world appear to have meant annual wind speeds below 3m/s, and
are unsuitable for wind power systems, and almost equally large areas have wind speeds in
the intermediate range (3-4.5m/s) where wind power may or may not be an attractive option.
In addition, significant land areas have mean annual wind exceeding 4.5m/s where wind
power would most certainly be economically competitive.

There are two primary physical principles by which energy can extracted from the
wind; these are through the creation of either drag and lift force (or through a combination of
the two). The difference between drag and lift is given by the difference between s spinnaker
sail, which fills like a parachute and pulls a sailing boat with the wind, and a Bermuda rig, the
familiar triangular sail which deflects with wind and allows a sailing boat to travel across the
wind or slightly into the world. Drag forces provide the most obvious means of propulsion,
these being the forces felt by a person exposed to the wind.

The basic features that characterize lift and drag are:

 • Drag is in the direction of airflow.

• Lift is perpendicular to the direction of airflow.

• Generation of lift always causes a certain amount of drag to be developed.

• With a good aerofoil, the lift produced can be more than thirty times greater than
drag.

• Lift devices are generally more efficient than drag devices.

2.2. WECS (Wind Energy Conversion System):

The aero turbine is coupled to a gearing and there is a coupling to the electric
generator which on the rotation of the fan blade generates electricity. All these components
are controlled by a controller. The controller is run based on the power generated by the wind
turbine itself.

2.3. Wind Energy Conversion Process:

The “term” windmill” is still widely used to describe wind energy conversion system,
However it is hardly anopt. The interruption of supply may be highly inconvenient. Operators
are users of wind turbines must ensure that there is some form of back up to cover periods
when there is insufficient wind available. For small procedures, back-up can take the form of:

• Battery storage.

• Connection with local electricity distribution system.

• A standby generator powered by liquid or gaseous fuels.

The component description and complete procedure for assembling the phone charger along
with the circuit details have been furnished. The main component of the charging device is
the D.C. Generator.

3. Methodology:

The first step towards fabricating a charger is to develop an electrical circuit. The
circuit furnishes the details of connections to be made and the way in which they work.
 The electric circuit of wind powered mobile phone hand set charger. The circuit
consists of a capacitor, a diode, Zener diode and a battery. The connection from the motor is
given to the Zener diode which permits the current flow in the forward direction. The fan,
when rotates generates the voltage as it is coupled to a generator. Then the above circuit is
used to regulate the voltaging cases if there is a voltage fluctuation. A battery is used to store
the generated voltage.

3.1. Summary of circuit features:

3.1.1. Brief description of operation: Gives out well regulated +5V output with the current
100mA .

3.1.2. Circuit Protection: Built-in overheating protection shuts down output when regulator
IC gets too hot.

3.1.3. Circuit complexity: Very simple and easy to build

3.1.4. Circuit Performance: Very stable +5V output voltage, reliable operation.

3.1.5. Availability of components: easy to get, uses only very common basic components.

3.1.6. Power supply voltage: Unregulated DC 8-18V power supply,

3.1.7. Power supply Content: Needed output current +5mA

3.1.8. Cost of the components: Cost of the components and assembly comes around Rs.
800/-

3.2. Working:

As the wind starts starts blowing against the fan connected to the DC motor starts
revolving with a certain and then inturn as coupled to DC motor the motor starts generating a
certain voltage ranging from 4.1V to 5.7V which depends upon the velocity with which the
wind is blowing and the no. of revolutions the fan makes per minute. The fan is coupled to
the DC motor and then the motor is connected to an electrical circuit which is used to
regulate the voltage generated and then is supplied to the charger point.
 The circuit consists of a capacitor, a diode, a zener diode and a nickel metal hybrid
battery rated 3.6 volts the capacitor is used to store electrical energy and when the capacitor
is fully charged the current will stop flowing. The diode is used as a voltage regulator and the
zener diode is also used for the same purpose. The capacitor stores the electrical energy and
then sends that energy to diode and then from the diode it is sent to zener diode the voltage
from DC motor is also connected to zener diode for regulatory purpose and then a connection
is given to the charger pin for which the mobile phone will be connected.

The actual voltage required by the mobile phone to get charged is 4.2V but the out put
generated by fabricated model is 5.7V which is regulated by zener diode and then supplied to
the phone charger, but the require current for charging a phone device is 110mA whereas the
wind powered charger generates only a small amount of current i.e., up to 5mA.

4. Results and Discussion:

As per the technical specifications given by the manufacturers of NOKIA phone, the
battery needs a voltage of 4.2V and 110mA current for 50 minutes to get charged completely

The fabricated prototype is successfully generated a voltage of 4.5V and a current of

110mA which is sufficient for a battery to get charged at a minimum wind velocity of 20
KMPH and the size of the fabricated model is easy to handle during traveling

4.1. Case 1: on bike

During the test run of the fabricated prototype of charger we obtained observations
are plotted

A graph between voltage and current and voltage and another graph between voltage
and speed are plotted. It has been observed that the current generated by the generator id
directly proportional to the speed of rotation of the fan and become constant at a speed of
25Kmph. It has been observed that a speed of 20Kmph the mobile is get charged and at a
speed 40Kmph or above the intensity of current is increased gradually due to increase in wind
velocity and this increase in current won’t effect the mobile phone hand set since the
fabricated prototype protected with a specially designed 7805Regulator which regulates the
high density of currents and supplies the required current only

4.2. Case: 2 while traveling on bus:

During the test run of fabricated prototype of charger on the bus, the following
observations are plotted.

The observations are plotted between the voltage and current and voltage and speed .It
has been observed that the current generated by generator is directly proportional to the speed
of rotation of the fan used in the fabricated model and for the bus there are less variations in
the graph compared with bike since it is maintained at constant average speed. It has been
observed that at a speed of 20 KMPH the mobile is get charged and at a speed of 40Kmph are
above the intensity of current is increased gradually due to increase in wind velocity and this
increase in current won’t effect the mobile phone set since the fabricated prototype is
protected with a specially designed 7805 Regulator which regulates the high density of
currents and supplies the required current only.

5. Conclusion:

In light of limited and depleting reserves of the fossil fuels, environment effects,
global warming and economy concerns it may say that non conventional energy technology is
going to dominate the market. In developing countries such as ours, where the hydro carbon
reserves are very limited and a lot of new energy production capacity is to be added, rapid
increase of renewable energy is easier and technically recommended. Among the renewals,
India has promising option to go for exploiting wind energy across the coastal belt to meet
the future energy demand in sustainable manner. There is also a need to educate the people
regarding various aspects of renewable energy using multimedia.

In this paper, mobile phone charger using wind energy is fabricated. The prototype is
subjected to various operating conditions and further it is observed that the prototype is
working properly in different working conditions. With this, this product can be
manufactured commercially with considerable cost effectiveness.

6. References:

1. Non-conventional energy source- G.D.Rai, Khanna publications, first edition, 1996.

2. Electronic principles- Albert Paul malvino, Tata mc GrawHill, sixth edition, 1999.

3. Basic Electrical Technology- B.L.Theraja & A.K.Theraja, S.chand publication, 2000.

4. www.windpower.org/en/kids/index.jsp

5. www.picoturibe.com

6. www.windstuffnow.com