Contents
Si.No. Topics
1 Introduction
2 DPP-1
3 Petroleum
4 DPP-2
5 Natural Gas
6 DPP-3
7 Some natural resource are limited
8 DPP-4
1.Introduction
We use various materials for our basic needs. Some of them are found in nature and some have
been made by human efforts.
1.1.Natural resources:
The sources which are obtained from nature are called natural resources.
1.2.Fuels:
A fuel is any substance that releases large amounts of energy in the form of heat and light when it
is burned. Fossil fuels are formed by fossils (or dead remains) of living organisms. Example: coal
and petroleum are fuels.
1. Transportation: fuels are used to run different vehicles such as cars, trucks, motorcycles,
trains, airplanes etc.
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2. Cooking: fuels are needed for cooking. For instance, LPG is used in urban areas while
firewood, coal and cattle dung is used in rural areas.
3. Heating: fuel is also used to generate heat.
4. Electricity production: different fuels such as coal, petrol, natural gas and diesel are used to
generate electricity in power plants
5. Industrial usage: many industries use fuels for different purposes such as producing electricity,
running their machinery and heating
6. Rockets and other space vehicles: fuels called propellants are used in rockets that help in
launching the space vehicles
1. It should be economical.
2. It should be available easily
3. It should not emit poisonous gases on burning
4. It should produce large amounts of heat with respect to its mass (it should have a high calorific
value)
5. It should be easy to transport and handle
6. It should not produce a bad odour
7. It should be clean and should not produce many ashes
8. It should not ignite easily at room temperature
1.3.Coal:
Coal is a fossil fuel formed from dead plant matter over
millions of years due to heat and pressure.
Figure 1 Coal
Before the dinosaur many of Over millions of year the plants Heat and pressure turn the
giants plant died in swamps where buried under water and dirt dead plant in to coal
Fig.2: How is Coal formed
Over millions of years, coal is formed through different biological and geological
processes on dead and decaying plant matter.
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Coal mainly contains carbon. The process of conversion of dead vegetation into coal is
called carbonisation.
Coal comes from a coal mine.
1.3.2.Composition of coal:
Coal consists of hydrogen, carbon and oxygen and sulphur (small amount).
1.3.3.Coal mining:
Coal is extracted from the ground with a process called mining. Coal Mining can be of two types:
1. Opencast Mining: Mining in which coal is extracted from near the earth’s surface
2. Underground Mining: Mining in which coal is extracted from deep inside the earth’s crust
1.3.4.Different Types Coal
As coal gets older, the carbon content in it is higher. When coal is burnt, it mainly produces
carbon dioxide gas.
1.3.5.Uses of Coal
1. Used as fuel to cook food.
2. Used in thermal power plants to produce electricity.
3. Used as fuel in various industries.
4. Once used as fuel to run steam-powered railway engines.
When processed, coal yields coke, coal tar and coal gas which in turn is used by many industries.
1.3.6.Destructive distillation:
It is a process in which coal is heated at
very high temperature in the absence of
air to obtain various useful products
from it. Different products obtained
through this process are coal gas, coaltar,
coke and liquor ammonia.
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Figure 4 Destructive Distillation
1.3.8.Hydrocarbons:
Hydrocarbons are the substances that consist of only carbon and hydrogen. Compounds like
methane, butane, and hexane are hydrocarbons that are produced on burning of the fossil fuels.
1. Coal is being used as a major source of energy in industries as well as rural areas.
2. Not only this, it serves various other purposes like the synthesis of synthetic oil, natural gas,
coke, coal tar and coal gas.
3. If the amount of coal gets depleted it would become much difficult for us to produce energy for
various purposes. Hence, we must use coal in an efficient way.
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2. DPP-1
2.1..Multiple Choice Questions(1mark):
1. Various materials which are obtained from nature are called natural resources. Which of the
ollowing is not a natural resource?
(a) minerals (b) soil (c) water (d) plastic
2. Air is a natural resource and cannot be exhausted by human activities. It is known as
inexhaustible natural resource. Which of the following is another inexhaustible natural
resource?
(a) coal (b) petroleum (c) sun-light (d) minerals
3. Which of the following is a pair of exhaustible natural resources.
(a) coal and soil (c) water and petroleum
(b) air and sun-light (d) wild life and minerals
4. Coal is processed in industries to get some useful products. Which of the following is not
obtained from coal?
(a) coke (b) coal tar (c) coal gas (d) CNG
5. Exhaustible natural resources are:
(a) unlimited in quantity. (b) not dependent on nature.
(c) limited in quantity. (d) not exhausted by human activities.
6. Fossil fuels are obtained from:
(a) remains of non-living materials. (b) dead remains of birds only.
(c) dead remains of insects only. (d) dead remains of living organisms.
7. Coal is formed from the remains of
(a) vegetation only (c) both vegetation and animals
(b) animals only (d) neither vegetation nor animals
8. Which substance is formed by the carbonisation of dead vegetation?.
(a) coal (b) coke (c) coal gas (d) coal tar
9. Naphthalene balls are obtained from coal tar and are used as
(a) mosquito repellant (c) moth repellant
(b) honey bee repellant (d) snake repellant
10. What is Coal made from?
(a).Dead Plants (b).Animal Fossils
(c).A whole bunch of Chemicals mixed together
11. Which one of the following is not a non-renewable energy resource?
(a).Coal (b).Petroleum (c).Solar energy
12. Fossil fuels does not include: -
(a). coal (b). petroleum (c). biogas (d). natural gas
13. Coal is a mixture of substances containing: -
(a). carbon (b). hydrogen (c). oxygen (d). all the above
14. Which one is not a Fossil Fuel
(a).Coke (b).Coal (c).Wood
15. Which of the following is a natural resource?
(a) Tea (b) Cooked food (c) Air (d) Toffee
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16. inexhaustible natural resource in nature are
(a) limited (b) unlimited (c) scarce (d) not present
17. Which of the following is an exhaustible natural resource?
(a) Air (b) Water (c) Soil (d) Forest
18. Water is a ________
(a). Natural substance (b). Man-made substance
(c). Both of these (d). None of these
19. When coal burns in air then
(a). Carbon dioxide is formed (b). Sulphur dioxide is formed
(c). Carbon monoxide is formed (d). Hydrogen gas is formed
20. Purest form of carbon is
(a). Coal (b). Charcoal (c). Coke (d). All of these
21. Coaltar contains about
(a). 300 substance (b). 400 substance (c). 200 substances (d). 100 substance
22. An example of fossil fuel is
(a). Wood (b). Animal waste (c). Coal (d). All of these
23. Which of the following is natural resource?
(a). Car (b). Bus (c).Water (d). Parks
24. Which of the following is manmade resource?
(a). Air (b). Water (c). Soil (d). Parks
25. Which of the following is obtained from coal tar ?
(a). Petrol (b). Coke (c). Air (d). Naphthalene balls
26. the slow process by which the large land plants and trees buried deep under the earth have
become coal is called?
(a).Carbonation (b).Carburation (c).Carbonisation (d).carbocation
27. Sunlight is_________natural resource
(a). Inexhaustible (b). Exhaustible (c). Both (a) &(b) (d). None of these
28. Coal can be formed from
(a). Sunlight (b). Steam (c). Fossils (d). Plants
29. Coal is________in colour
(a). Black (b). Blue (c). Orange (d). Red
30. Coal is ________in nature
(a). Soft (b). Hard (c). Thin (d). Hot
31. Coal mainly contains
(a). Hydrogen (b). Oxygen (c). Carbon (d). Sodium
32. Carbonisation is
(a). Slow conversion of dead vegetation Into coal (b). Deposition of soil
(c). falling of trees (d). None of these
33. Which is an almost pure form of carbon?
(a). Coke (b). Coal tar (c). Coal gas (d). None of these
34. Coal tar has an _________ smell.
(a). Unpleasant (b). Pleasant (c). Both (a) & (b) (d). None of these
35. Coal tar is used in manufacture of
(a). Synthetic dyes (b). Drugs (c). Explosives (d). All of these
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2.2..Write True/False against the following statements:
1. Fossil fuels can be made in the laboratory.
2. Coke is almost pure form of carbon.
3. Coal tar is a mixture of various substances. True
4. Oxygen in air is an exhaustible natural resource.
5. Resources which are present in unlimited quantity in nature are called exhaustible natural
resources.
6. Wildlife is an exhaustible natural resource.
7. Under high temperature and pressure, dead plants get slowly converted to coal.
7. Define carbonization?
8. Classify the following resources as natural or man- made : petroleum, bleach, coal, steel,
wind, alloys, water.
9. What happens when wood is heated in absence of air?
10. Why Coal is called Fossil fuels?
11. What is the main reason for coal to be used to generate electricity?
12. Write the characteristics and some important uses of coal.
2.6.Sort answer type question(3 mark):
1. What is coal tar? What are its uses?
2. Write the characteristics and some important uses of coal.
3. Explain why fossil fuels are exhaustible natural resources.
4. Differentiate between exhaustible and inexhaustible resources.
5. How Coal was formed?
6. What do you mean by coal Tar? Name few products which can be obtained from the same?
7. Describe how coal is formed from dead vegetation. What is this process called?
8. Explain why fossil fuels are exhaustible natural resources.
9. Fill in the blanks and complete the story.
About 300 million years ago the earth had dense ________ in low lying wetland areas. Due to
natural processes, like ______, these forests got burried under the ________. As more
________ deposited over them, they were compressed. The ________ also rose as they sank
deeper and deeper. Under high ________ and high ________, dead plants got slowly
converted into coal.
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3. Petroleum
The term 'Petroleum' is derived from two words - 'Petra' which means
'rock' and 'oleum' which means 'oil'. It is mined from the rocks under
the Earth.
Petroleum (also known as crude oil) is a fossil fuel formed from the
remains of ancient marine organisms.
Tiny sea plants and animals died Over millions of years, the remains Today, we drill down through
and were buried on the ocean floor were buried deeper and deeper. The layers of sand, silt and rock to
.Over time , they were covered by enormous heat and pressure turn reach the rock formations that
layers of silt and sand them into oil and gas. contain oil and gas deposits
Figure:7 Formation of petrol and natural gas
1. When the sea organisms die, their bodies sink to the bottom of the sea. With time, they get
covered by the layers of sand and clay.
2. Over millions of years, these remains get transformed in petroleum and natural gas due to high
temperature, high pressure, and absence of air.
3. When we dig oil wells, natural gas is above crude oil which in turn is above water. This
happens because gas and oil are lighter than water and do not mix with it.
Assam,
Gujarat,
Mumbai High, and
River basins of Godavari and Krishna.
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3.2.Refining of Petroleum:
1. Originally, petroleum is a mixture of many things, such as petrol, diesel, petroleum fas, paraffin
wax, lubricating oil etc.
2. It is a dark and oily liquid with an unpleasant odour.
3. Refining of petroleum is the process by which different constituents of petroleum are separated.
4. This process takes place in a petroleum refinery.
Natural gas also yields Hydrogen gas which is used in the production of fertilisers (such as urea).
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4. DPP-2
4.1.Multiple Choice Questions(1mark):
1. Which of the following is not a constituent of petroleum?
(a) paraffin wax (c) petrol
(b) lubricating oil (d) coke
2. Petroleum was formed from organisms:
(a) living on the land (c) living in the sea
(b) living on the plants (d) living on the rocks
3. Which fuel is used for running vehicles?
(a) Wood (b) Coal (c) Diesel (d) Charcoal
4. The first oil well was drilled in
(a). USA (b). USSR (c). UK (d). India
5. the major component of LPG is:
(a).Hydrogen (b).Carbon monoxide (c).Methane (d).butane
6. which of the following is usually referred to as black gold
(a).Coke (b).Coal tar (c).Petroleum (d).coal
7. Petroleum is ________natural resource
(a). Inexhaustible (b). Exhaustible (c). Both (a) & (b) (d). None of these
8. Petroleum is formed from
(a). Domestic animals (b). Organisms in sea
(c). Wild animals (d). Insects
9. Refining is
(a). Extracting petroleum gas (b). Separation of various fractions of
petroleum
(c). Heating of coal (d). Sedimentation of fossil fuel
10. The layer containing petroleum oil & gas is
(a). Above that of water (b). Below water
(c). Between water and sand (d). Below sand
11. Kerosene is used in / as
(a). Jet engines (b). Fuel (c). Ointments (d). Lubricants
5. Natural Gas
Natural gas is a fossil fuel found naturally as a hydrocarbon
gas mixture in the oil wells. Its main component is methane
but it may also contain varying amounts of other higher
alkanes (a group of elements). Gases like carbon dioxide,
helium, nitrogen, and hydrogen sulphide are also found in
natural gas in small percentages.
Figure 10 Natural Gas
5.1.Why is Natural Gas important as a fossil fuel?
1. Natural gas is considered important as this fossil fuel can easily be transported through pipes.
2. It is stored as CNG which is used for several purposes and is also used as a starting material for
manufacturing many chemicals and fertilisers.
3. Natural Gas does not cause pollution and has high calorific value.
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is the natural gas stored under high pressure.
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5.2.CNG is used as:
1. Fuel to generate power
2. Cleaner fuel for transport vehicles (less polluting than petrol and diesel)
3. Fuel in homes and industries which can be supplied through pipes.
4. CNG pipeline network already exists in Vadodara in Gujarat, some parts of Delhi and some
other places.
6. DPP-3
6.1.Multiple Choice Questions(1mark):
1. Choose the correct statement from the following:
a. It is difficult to transport natural gas through pipes.
b. The disadvantage of natural gas is that it can not be used directly for burning in homes.
c. Natural gas is stored under high pressure as compressed natural gas.
d. Natural gas cannot be used for power generation.
2. the gas which occurs above the petroleum oil trapped under the rock is called:
(a).Biogas (b) .Petroleum gas (c) .Natural gas (d) .Coal gas
3. which is the major component of CNG
(a).Ethane (b) .Propane (c) .Methane (d) . butane
4. which of the following is being used as a source of hydrogen gas needed to manufacture
fertilisers
(a).Biogas (b) .Natural gas (c) .Coal gas (d) .Petroleum gas
5. which of the following is not obtained as a fraction during the refining of petroleum
(a).Kerosene (b) .Natural gas (c) .Lubricating oil (d) .bitumen
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6. LPG is used in / as
(a). Home (b) . Vehicles (c) . Aviation Fuel (d) . Road surfacing
7. Natural gas can be transported through
(a). Cylinders (b) . Barriers (c) . Pipes (d) . None of these
8. CNG is stored under
(a). Power generation (b) . Electric Generators
(c) . Solvent (d) . none of these
9. CNG is used for
(a). Power generation (b) . Electric generators
(c) . Solvent (d) . None of these
10. In India, vast reserves of natural gas are found in
(a). Tripura (b) . Rajasthan (c) . Maharashtra (d) . All of these
6. Match the items given in Column I with the items of Column II.
Column I Column II
(a) Used for road surfacing (i) Black gold
(b) Natural gas (ii) Vaseline and candles
(c) Petroleum (iii) Bitumen
(d) Paraffin wax (iv) CNG
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8. DPP-4
8.1.Multiple Choice Questions(1mark):
1. Other uses of fuel includes
a. Produce steam to run engine b. Produce electricity in thermal power plants
c. Fuel in various industries d. All of these
2. Burning of fossil fuel causes
a. Air pollution b. Global warming
c. Both (a) & (b) d. None of these
3. PCRA stands for
a. Pollution control research association
b. Petroleum conversation Research association
c. Petroleum control research association
d. Petrol, coal reserve association
4. Petrochemicals are used in the manufacture of
a. Polythene b. Detergents c. Fibres d. All of these
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