COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad Campus Spring 2016

_______________________
(Department of Electrical Engineering)
Project ID
BET,BCE, EPE & EEE Program
Project Acceptance / Rejection Form

Project Title: Design and Development of a Micro-Grid Model with Active Switching
Mechanism.

Area of Specialization:
Antenna & Microwave Communication Networks
Signal Processing Controls Digital Systems
Integrated Circuits & Systems Cybernetic Robotics Renewable Energy ✓
& Power Engineering

Abstract:
Due to recent energy crisis in Pakistan and all over the world alternative energy sources are
center of interest. People all over the world are working on renewable energy sources. This project lies
in the domain of energy systems. As the global energy consumption is rapidly increasing and the fossil
fuels are decreasing, making energy crisis, a bigger problem in some countries. Therefore we need
some efficient integrated systems. Efficient in the sense, that they should be somehow autonomous.
A typical pattern is evolving for the way electrical power is being generated and distributed, from
the traditional concept of generators connected to the distribution systems powered by non-
conventional and renewable sources. But now, Micro-grid is the new trend to change the role of these
distributed generations. Micro-grids have the ability to answer the major problems arising from large
penetration of distributed generation in distribution systems. In this work; a Micro-grid laboratory
design will be presented, composed of multiple items; And for making system efficient, we will design
an Active Switching Mechanism. Different load models will be simulated using MATLAB/PROTEUS
along with Wireless Load Monitoring Device/Application using GSM Module.

Introduction and Literature Review:

In world the demand for energy has increased in the past century and it will grow even
further in the near future than ever before .Renewable energy is that energy which comes from the
natural energy flows on earth. Unlike conventional forms of energy, renewable energy will not get
exhausted. Renewable energy is also termed as green energy.
Renewable energy is energy generated from natural resources which are replenished, such as
wind and solar etc. Governments and companies around the world are investing heavily in
developing technologies to harness the power of clean renewable energy sources because of their
potential to produce large quantities of energy without generating greenhouse gases which can
contribute to climate change. Now commercial scale projects of renewable energy have also been
initiated. Alternate Energy Development Board (AEDB) has been established and required
legislation is complete. In our project we are working on both solar and wind energy along with
fossil fuel (for Generator).
 COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad Campus Spring 2016
_______________________
(Department of Electrical Engineering)
Project ID
BET,BCE, EPE & EEE Program
Project Acceptance / Rejection Form

Scope:
Micro-grids are the part of small scale decentralized energy generation segment of
decentralized energy generation market.
According to BSRIA (Building Services Research and Information Association) estimation, the world
installation capacity of micro-grids reached to 3.5 GW in the year 2012. This is an impressive growth of
75% compared to the previous years, which results in the increasing of capacity of micro-grids from 4%
to 5% of the world’s total small scale decentralized capacity in a single year (> 1MW according to
BSRIA’s method).
At the same time the annual electricity generation of the micro-grids has reached to 20TWh which is 6%
of the world’s total small scale decentralized electricity generation.

Project Description:
This Micro-grid model will be composed of multiple items. Sources of Micro-grid are as
follow:
 Battery, charged by Solar panel and Wind Mill (via Active Switching Mechanism).
 Local Distributor.
 Gasoline Generator.
Our system will run the AC load. The first priority of our system will be to perform active
switching (photoelectric receivers and Anemometers to detect effective renewable energy) then run the
load on inverter. However when battery will be drained, the load will be shifted to the local distributor.
If it is also not available then our system will auto-start the generator and the load will be shifted to the
generator.
This whole system will be controlled by a microcontroller and the load outputs will be monitored on a
smartphone via monitoring tool/application, using wireless kit/module.

Block Diagram:
 COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad Campus Spring 2016
_______________________
(Department of Electrical Engineering)
Project ID
BET,BCE, EPE & EEE Program
Project Acceptance / Rejection Form

Aim and Objectives:

The expected outcomes of the projects are as follow:
 Provide idea for micro grid systems, which will produce un-interrupted electricity from available
sources.
 Envisage electrification solutions.
 A Micro-grid with high content of Renewable energies for rural/remote electrification.
 Enhancement of supply reliability via partial or complete islanding during loss of main grid.
 Energy loss reduction due to decreased line power flows.
 Making integrated systems more efficient by introducing ‘Active Switching Mechanisms’.
 Quality Improvement of the voltage via coordinating reactive power control and constrained
active power dispatch.
 Developing Monitoring tools/application, to investigate the performance of a Micro-grid.

References:

1) Asif, M. ”Sustainable energy options for Pakistan.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy reviews
13, no. 4 (2009): 903-909.
2) Haq, D. N. U. and K. H. A. L. I. D. Husain. ”Energy crisis in Pakistan.” IPRI Fact file 2008.
3) Harijan, Khanji, Muhammad Aslam Uqaili and Mujeebuddin Memon. ”Renewable energy for
managing energy crisis in Pakistan.” In Wireless Networks, Information Processing and Systems,
PP.449-455. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009.
4) Asif, Muhammad, and Tariq Muneer. ”Energy supply, its demand and security issues for
developed and emerging economics. “Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 11, no. 7
(2007): 1388-1413.
5) Shen Jianfei, Wind Power Project Development and Evaluation, 2009.
6) L.F.Wang, "The methodology for aerodynamic study on a small domestic wind turbine.
7) Rizk. J., and Y. Chaiko, Solar Tracking System: More Efficient Use of Solar Panels World Academy
of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2008.
8) URL, http://photovoltaics.sustainablesources.com/
9) URL, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system
10)URL, http://energy.gov/eere/wind/inside-wind-turbine-0
11)URL, http://www.pfr.co.uk/louthcanal/15/Wind-Power/57/How-Wind-Turbines-Work/
12)URL, http://www.greenpower4less.com/windmax_009.html

Tentative Project Schedule:

 COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad Campus Spring 2016
_______________________
(Department of Electrical Engineering)
Project ID
BET,BCE, EPE & EEE Program
Project Acceptance / Rejection Form

DURATION MILESTONES

10 weeks Literature Review

06 weeks Problem Finding
12 weeks Model/Algorithm designing
10 weeks Hardware working
04 weeks Result analysis
10 weeks Thesis writing
02 weeks Research paper writing

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