1. Introduction 1
2. Scope and Objectives 2
2.1.Scope 2
2.2.Objectives 2
3. Details of the Community 2
3.1. Geographical Data 3
3.2. Population Characteristics 5
4. Demand Forecasting 6
4.1. Current Water Consumption 6
4.2. Future Demand 7
5. Technical Details Of Proposed Water Supply Scheme 7
5.1.Source 7
5.2.Proposed Conceptual Design Of The Water Treatment Unit Processes_____________9
5.3.Specifications Of Pipes In Transmission Main______________________________ 10
5.4.Pump Capacity Design_________________________________________________ 10
5.5. Storage Tank Design___________________________________________________10
6. Capital, Operational and Maintenance Costs 11
6.1.Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) 11
6.2.Operational Expenditure (OPEX) 11
7. Benefits Of Providing Water Supply 11
7.1.Economic Benefits 11
7.2.Social Benefits 12
8. Discussion on Sustainability Aspects 12
List of Tables
List of Figures
For each person it is a primary requirement to access to safe drinking water. However, currently
the water sources available are contaminated due to various natural activities and man-made
activities. Hence, water has to be treated before usage. To identify the treatment method raw water
quality has to be checked and it is not practical to each house to check their water source quality
and treat it up to the standards individually. So National Water Supply & Drainage Board is
established to ensure that people are having safe drinking water in Sri Lanka. But due to lack of
funds NWSDB is facing difficulties in achieving 100% pipe borne water supply in Sri Lanka.
Currently Sri Lanka has nearly 38% pipe borne water supply coverage by NWSDB projects and
nearly 9% coverage by community based organizations’ (CBO) water supply projects.
However to increase the coverage of access to safe drinking water, community based projects are
proposed and implemented. Most of them are proposed with the help of NWSDB and it is a good
option to increase coverage since NWSDB is facing difficulties with lack of funds for large
projects.
In this project, I am proposing a new water supply scheme for Aluthpura, which is located near
Ginganga. In this village, people are commonly using dug wells and there are some common wells
to the village,but most of them are now contaminated, and out of usage. They have tend to share
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wells with the neighbours since each family does not own their own dug wells. Some wells are
unprotected and some wells are contaminated. To increase their access to safe drinking water a
new project is proposed to supply pipe borne water to the villagers.
2.1. Scope
The project’s scope is to improve the living standards of the community in the village by supplying
quality drinking water with the current and future water demand, finally resulting improved sanitation
and reduction of health related problems due to water.
2.2. Objectives
Following factors have to be identified and analysed in the project to make it more reliable, safe and
cost effective.
Selected source’s raw water quality and required water quality (Quality)
Capability of the source quantity to supply required demand throughout the year (Quantity)
Planning water within the easy reach (Accessibility)
Administration data
District Galle
Pradeshiya sabha Baddegama pradeshiya sabha
Grama Niladari Division Halpathota
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3.1. Geographical Data
This community belongs to Baddegama Pradeshiya Sabhawa in Galle district. The area is a rolling
terrain, which varies elevation from 9m (nearly 30ft) to 21m (nearly 69ft) from mean sea level. The
following figure 1 shows geographical data of the source selected and the community selected.
Aluthpura village
Ginganga
Aluthpura village
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Figure 4 Average monthly rain fall to Galle District
Climate data
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3.2.Population Characteristics
Population data
Religious places -
Profession data
Farmers 22%
Skilled laborers 8%
Government sector 5%
Self-Employment 6%
Other 26 %
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Table 5: Age structure of the people in the village
Age structure
0-5 4%
6-15 13%
16-40 47%
41-60 28%
>60 8%
4. DEMAND FORECASTING
Assumptions
Domestic consumption – 180l / person / day
Non-domestic consumption – 200l / person / day
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4.2. Future Demand
Assumptions
Domestic consumption – 180l / person / day (not changed)
Non- domestic consumption – 200l / person / day (not changed)
Design period 10 years
Assume all the connections are house connections and no stand posts.
Growth rate 1.3%
5.1.1.TUBE WELLS
Tube wells are not present in the village currently. But a the water source it can be used and
ground water can be pumped to a storage tank and then can be distributed. Source water quality
is also good (low suspended solids, low colloidal solids, low microorganisms, high dissolved
gases and moderate dissolved solids). So the cost for treatment becomes low.
But the problem is in this village community face difficulties in the driest seasons. So it is not
reliable to pump a large amount of ground water in such situations. So I think it’s not suitable
to use tube wells when supplying large amount of water to the community.
5.1.2.GINGANGA
Ginganga is the nearest natural water resource for this village. The river being less
contaminated (due to low urbanization in this area) is capable of supplying required demand in
the dry season to the community since they are facing difficulties in driest seasons. Therefore,
I propose Ginganga as the reliable water source for the project.
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5.1.3.SOURCE WATER QUALITY
This source surrounding is not highly subjected to urbanization. Therefore, source quality
contains less number of industrial chemicals. But the surrounding area is mostly an agricultural
area. So the fertilizers, pesticides can be mixed with water. And this river contains suspended
solids, colloidal solids and variety of dissolved constituents. Further, we have to treat for
pathogens and harmful organisms, which may be present in water. In treatment, we have to
consider all these facts.
In addition to that here I’m not proposing aeration since this river flows through rocks in a wide
area in this place. So I assume dissolved oxygen is added and H2S, NH3, CH4 and CO2 is
occurred when the river flows naturally (Similar case in Kandana water treatment plant by
NWSDB).
5.1.4.LOCATIONS
Intake location was selected ensuring several factors such as no fast currents in the place, stable
ground near intake, approach free from obstacles.
Water treatment plant is located near the intake and purified water is pumped from water
treatment plant to the storage tank via transmission main, which will be laid along the roads.
Storage tank location was selected as the highest place in the village, which is 21m (69 feet)
height. So that it is convenient and economical to plan the distribution mains to flow under
gravity.
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Storage tank
Transmission Main
Intake
Pump house
Nearly 99% of the purified water is used for domestic consumption in this project. And there are no
industries in non-domestic users. So additional treatments is not required.
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5.3. SPECIFICATIONS OF PIPES IN TRANSMISSION MAIN
190 × 1.4⁄
𝑉= 24 × 3600
𝜋 × 0.03 × 0.03
= 1.08 m/s
Q = 3.078 l/s
D = 60 mm
Assuming pipe C = 100, from nomograph, H/L = 0.045
Length of transmission main = 1270 m
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6. CAPITAL, OPERATIONAL AND MAINTENANCE COSTS
The surrounding area of the village is mainly and agricultural area. So the fertilizers,
pesticides may mixed with the water I the wells. When those wells are contaminated, they
are vulnerable to water borne diseases, which costs high to cure. When using treated water
that water is safe for drinking and save money for medicine.
Since the ground water can be contaminated with the manure to the vegetation, the well
water cannot be assured as safe for drinking. So people in the village can use pipe borne
water for -+
drinking and well water for washing purposes, which is economical. Further if such a
method is continued we can supply drinking water to another village and it’s economical
for both villagers.
Pipe borne water is supplied throughout the year. So storage tanks is not required for
houses. This reduces the operational and maintenance cost of domestic storage methods.
And also it reduces the cost of pumping water from wells.
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Time required to collect water manually is reduced with the high accessibility to safe
water. This saves time and saves indirectly money.
Sustainability is a new common concept in community based water supply projects. Rural
water supply schemes’ management should be cost effective when considering constraints on the
resource and the financial availability to express it as sustainable.
With these kind of projects, sustainable Development Goal 6 (Ensuring availability and sustainable
management of water and sanitation for all) can be achieved gradually. Since the project is
implemented in low budget those kind of projects are reliable. Further, with improved water supply
the health issues in the village will be minimized due to water and sanitation.
REFERENCES
http://www.statistics.gov.lk/Abstract2014/Pages/chap1.htm
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https://www.google.lk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&
ved=2ahUKEwiN7JCYu5fdAhVKM48KHairA2YQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=http%3A%2F%2F
hikersbay.com%2Fclimate-conditions%2Fsrilanka%2Fgalle%2Fclimate-conditions-in-
galle.html%3Flang%3Den&psig=AOvVaw3lUCQ08kT4sMZKVnq1YkX5&ust=153581076
1795953
http://projects.worldbank.org/P132173/india-rural-water-supply-sanitation-project-low-
income-states?lang=en
http://www.waterboard.lk/
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