Demographics

Population:- 326,625,791 (July, 2017 est.)

Age Structure:- 0-14 years: 18.73% (Male 31,255,995/ Female 29,919,938)
15-24 years: 13.27% (Male 22,213,952/ Female 21,137,826)
25-54 years: 39.45% (Male 64,528,673/ Female 64,334,499)
55-64 years: 12.91% (Male 20,357,880/ Female 21,821,976)
65 years & over: 15.63% (male 22,678,235/Female 28,376,817) (2017
est.)
Dependency Ratios:- Total dependency ratio: 51.2
Youth dependency ratio: 29
Elderly dependency ratio: 22.1
Potential support ratio: 4.5 (2015 est.)
Median age: Total: 38.1 years
Male: 36.8 years
Female: 39.4 years (2017 est.)
Population Growth rate: 0.81% (2017 est.)
Birth rate: 12.5 births/1,000 population (2017 est.)
Death rate: 8.2 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.)
Net migration rate: 3.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.)
Urbanization: Urban population: 82% of total population (2017)
Rate of urbanization: 0.99% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)
Life expectancy at Birth: Total population: 80 years
Male: 77.7 years
Female: 82.2 years (2017 est.)
Ethnic Groups: White 72.4%, black 12.6%, Asian 4.8%, Amerindian & Alaska native
0.9%, native Hawaiian and other pacific islander 0.2%, other 6.2%, two or more races
2.9% (2010 estimate).
Religions: Protestant 46.5%, Roman catholic 20.8%, Jewish 1.9%, Mormon 1.6%, other
Christian 0.9%, Jehovah’s witness 0.8%, Buddhist 0.7%, Hindu 0.7%, other 1.8%,
unaffiliated 22.8%, don’t know/refused 0.6% (2014 est.)

Median Household Income: $57,617 ± $115 (2016 est.)

3.3% growth (1-year growth) ± 0.26%
Households in the United States have a median annual income of $57,617. This is in
comparison to a median income of $55,775 in 2015, which represents a 3.3% annual growth.
Look at the chart to see how the median household income in the United States compares to
the two highest and lowest states.

Wage by Gender in Common Jobs:

Average male Salary:- $66,284 ± $171
Average Female Salary:- $49,298 ± $137

In 2016, full-time male employees in the United States made 1.34 times more than female
employees.
This chart shows the gender-based wage disparity in the 5 most common occupations in the
United States by number of full-time employees.
Employment by Occupations: 145 million (± 185,232) (2016 value)
1.39% (± 0.12%) (1-year growth)
From 2015 to 2016, employment in the United States grew at a rate of 1.39%, from 143M
employees to 145M employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in the United States, are
Management, business, science, & arts occupations, Sales & Office Occupations, and Service
Occupations. This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents
of the United States.

Labour Markets
Labour markets are one of the most important components of an economy. They are the
mechanism through which we allocate one of our most valuable and productive resources:
human work, effort, creativity, and ingenuity. Labour markets match human skills, supplied by
individuals seeking to earn a living, with the demand for labour by firms, governments, and
households.
The U.S. labour market has steadily improved since the crisis. The employment rate for the
working age population stood at 63.2% at the end of 2017 compared to a low of 60.5% in the
aftermath of the crisis. The U.S. employment rate has consistently remained above the OECD
average over the past decade.

Immigration reform might have a marginal impact on the labour force. According to the Pew
Research Centre, undocumented immigrants make up about 5 percent of the total American
labor force.24 Removal of all such workers would clearly have a significant, disruptive impact
on the labor force and on the economy: Any mass removal of undocumented workers could
create labor shortages in certain industries, such as agriculture, in which some 17 percent of
workers are unauthorized,25 and construction, in which an estimated 13 percent of workers are
unauthorized.26 But it would likely have little significant impact at the aggregate level.
Labour Market 2018 (Un-employment)
In June, nonfarm payroll increased by 213,000, supported by professional and business services
(50K), manufacturing (36K) and health care (25K).
With 21.6K jobs lost over the second quarter, the retail sector continues to be a source of
weakness. The unemployment rate unexpectedly edged up to 4% from 3.8% on the back of a
large increase (601K) in the labor force and soft gains in household employment.
Given the volatility inherent to the household survey we are not changing our outlook for the
labor market in 2018; we continue to expect unemployment rate to reach 3.7% by mid-2019.
Non-farm Payrolls

US-average wage growth

H1-B Visa Impact on USA
President Donald Trump signed the "Buy American, Hire American" executive order in April
2017, and we've seen companies, employees and students adjust to a new climate. The order
directs the Department of Homeland Security to help ensure H-1B visas used by employers to
hire foreign citizens are awarded to the most-skilled or highest-paid beneficiaries. Donald
Trump and his brand of patriotic Americans are frowning upon the explanation being given by
these outsourcers. They believe that H1B visa workers are not exceptionally skilled workers
that are brought into the United States to perform some complex tasks. Instead, most of the
tasks that these people perform are routine back office jobs. These jobs require a medium level
of skill that is available to the American population. According to Trump, there is no need to
import these workers. In fact, these jobs pay relatively well i.e. close to the median American
wage. Hence, these jobs could very well be the bedrock of the resurgence of the dwindling
American middle class. Trump believes that visa programs are routinely abused. There may be
some truth to it. But recklessly implementing anti-immigration policies has several drawbacks.

Makes America Less Competitive

Donald Trump wants to make America great again. However, it was the economic freedom
that made America great in the first place. Right through the ages, America has benefitted from
the fruits of people who came in to make a better life. Without immigrants, America would
face a severe crunch of people who would start or manage huge companies. Apple’s founder
Steve Jobs was born to immigrant parents. Microsoft CEO Sathya Nadella is also of Indian
origin, and so is Google’s Sundar Pichai. If Trump’s proposals are brought into effect, a lot of
these people would not be in the United States. They would be taking their hard work and
innovation to another country and making it great! Making America great again should be
about attracting more talent and not deporting the one that is already there!

More Outsourcing
Companies would have to work with the limited talent pool that the American universities
churn out. It is a well-known and well-documented fact that American Universities churn out
few students from Science, Technology, Engineering and Math students. These degrees are
most commonly pursued by immigrants.
Hence, companies would be faced with the choice of cheaper talent elsewhere versus expensive
American talent. Most companies would simply outsource their jobs to other countries across
the world. Low-cost destinations like India, China, and Philippines, would be more than happy
to accept the increased work opportunities created by H1B visa reforms.
Colleges Lose Money
The education sector in the United States will also be hit severely by the H1B visa ban. This is
because many immigrants into the United States are from India and China. These immigrants
come as students and obtain college degrees from American universities. Once these degrees
are obtained, these people then pursue jobs in the United States itself. If there is no prospect of
future employment in the United States, there would be no reason for Indians and Chinese to
opt for extremely overpriced American education.
This would cause a lot of college seats in the United States to stay empty or be filled only after
giving huge scholarships. To make up for the loss American Colleges may have to raise tuition
fees. This would further exacerbate the circle i.e. fewer Americans with technical knowledge
and STEM degrees pushing the jobs overseas.
To sum it up, protectionism doesn’t work. The world has seen many attempts at protectionism
and the history books are full of failure stories. Maybe, we are headed towards another one or
maybe not. However, the road to blocking of H1B visas will be a lengthy one wherein no
immediate action is expected.