RISK FACTORS: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

 Smoking Most pneumonia occurs when a
LABORATORY AND  Chest pain when you breathe or
 Drugs or excessive alcohol breakdown in your body's
DIAGNOSTIC TEST cough
natural defenses allows germs to
use.  Confusion or changes in mental
invade and multiply within your awareness
 Sputum exam  Malnutrition lungs. To destroy the attacking  Cough, which may produce
 Clinical chemistry organisms, white blood cells phlegm
 Poor dental health.
rapidly accumulate. Along with  Fatigue
 X-ray  Exposure to animals, bacteria and fungi, they fill the  Fever, sweating and shaking chills
 CBC chemicals and air sacs within your lungs  Nausea, vomiting or diarrhea
(alveoli). Breathing may be  Shortness of breath
 ABG environmental toxins. labored
 Urinalysis
 Protime test
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

PNEUMONIA
 Chest CT scan
 Cefepime (Axera) 1g IV q8hours ANST
 Azithromycin 500mg IV OD
 Hydrocortisone 100mg IV q8h
 Meropenem (Merovex ) 1gm IV Q8h ANST
 Omeprazole ( Omera ) 40 mg IV OD
PREVENTION  Clexane 20mg SQ OD
NURSING INTERVENTIONS
Midazolam 2mg IV Q4h PRN for restlessness
 Morphine SO4 10mg/tab 6tab Q6h
 Administer drugs and IV fluids that are
 Fluconazole ( Diflocan ) 150mg OD
 Get vaccinated. prescribed.  Tramadol 50mg/tab 1 tab Q8h
 Perform deep breathing and coughing  Paracetamol 500mg/tab, 2tabs Q8h
 Practice good hygiene.  Pregabalin (Gabica) 150mg/cap 2cap Q8h
exercise.
 KCL (Kalium Durule) 1tab TID
 Don't smoke.  Put in a moderate high back rest  Carvedilol 6.25mg/tab 1tab BID
 Keep the immune system position.  Doxofylline (Doxoflix ) 200mg 1tab BID
 Encourage fluid intake and soft diet  Clonazepam 2mg/tab ¼ tab at HS for insomnia
strong.  MTV (Trevoca) 1tab OD
with strict aspiration precaution.
 NAC (Fluimucil) 600mg/tab 1tab dissolve in ½ glass
 Avoid strenuous or stressful activities. of water Q12h
 Administer oxygen as appropriate.  Igco milk 1sachet in glass of water BID
|Page  Promote proper rest and sleep.  Seretide (Diskuss) 20/125 2puff & gargle thereafter
BID
 PAI with Pulmodial 1 nebule Q6h
 Ketorolac 30mg IV now

 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
LABORATORY AND DIAGNOSTIC TEST RISK FACTORS SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Smoking is the primary risk factor for lung
 Cough that doesn't go away
 Sputum exam  Smoking
cancer and is intricately involved in the
 Coughing up blood, even a small
 Clinical chemistry  Exposure to second-
pathogenesis of many cases of the
amount
 X-ray hand smoke.
disease. Approximately 85% of cases of
 Shortness of breath
 CBC lung cancer are directly attributable to
 Chest pain
 ABG smoking habits, and it is also associated
 Hoarseness
 Urinalysis with 70-90% of deaths due the lung
 Losing weight without trying
cancer.
 Protime test  Bone pain
 Chest CT scan  Headache

LUNG CANCER
PREVENTION MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
 Cefepime (Axera) 1g IV q8hours ANST
NURSING INTERVENTIONS  Azithromycin 500mg IV OD
 Stop smoking.  Hydrocortisone 100mg IV q8h
 Eat a diet full of fruits and  Administer drugs and IV fluids  Meropenem (Merovex ) 1gm IV Q8h ANST
 Omeprazole ( Omera ) 40 mg IV OD
vegetables. that are prescribed.
 Clexane 20mg SQ OD
 Exercise daily.  Perform deep breathing ang Midazolam 2mg IV Q4h PRN for restlessness
coughing exercise.  Morphine SO4 10mg/tab 6tab Q6h
 Put in a moderate high back rest  Fluconazole ( Diflocan ) 150mg OD
 Tramadol 50mg/tab 1 tab Q8h
position.  Paracetamol 500mg/tab, 2tabs Q8h
 Encourage fluid intake and soft  Pregabalin (Gabica) 150mg/cap 2cap Q8h
diet with strict aspiration  KCL (Kalium Durule) 1tab TID
 Carvedilol 6.25mg/tab 1tab BID
precaution.
 Doxofylline (Doxoflix ) 200mg 1tab BID
 Avoid strenous or stressful  Clonazepam 2mg/tab ¼ tab at HS for insomnia
activities.  MTV (Trevoca) 1tab OD
 Administer oxygen as  NAC (Fluimucil) 600mg/tab 1tab dissolve in ½ glass of water Q12h
 Igco milk 1sachet in glass of water BID
|Page appropriate.  Seretide (Diskuss) 20/125 2puff & gargle thereafter BID
 PAI with Pulmodial 1 nebule Q6h
Promote proper rest and sleep.  Ketorolac 30mg IV now